While some individual foods and nutrients have been associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression, the association between dietary patterns and KOA progression has received little research ...attention.
The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary patterns, derived by principal components analysis (PCA), are associated with KOA progression.
In the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a prospective cohort with clinical centers in Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island, 2757 participants with existing KOA (mean age 62 y) and diet assessed at baseline were followed for ≤72 mo. Using PCA, Western and prudent dietary patterns were derived. Radiographic KOA progression was assessed using 2 separate measures, 1 full Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade increase and loss in joint space width (JSW). Symptomatic KOA progression was defined as an increase in or remaining in 1 of the 2 highest classification categories of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC).
Adherence to Western and prudent dietary patterns was significantly associated with radiographic and symptomatic progression of KOA. With increasing Western pattern score, there was increased KL-worsening risk (compared with quartile 1, HR for quartile 4: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.61; P-trend < 0.01) and increased odds of progression to higher WOMAC score (compared with quartile 1, OR for quartile 4: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.63; P-trend < 0.01) but no significant change in JSW loss. With increasing prudent pattern score there was decreased KL-worsening risk (compared with quartile 1, HR for quartile 4: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.98; P-trend = 0.02), decreased JSW loss (quartile 1: 0.46 mm; quartile 4: 0.38 mm; P-trend < 0.01), and decreased odds of higher WOMAC progression (compared with quartile 1, OR for quartile 4 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.86; P-trend < 0.01) in multivariable adjusted models.
Adherence to a Western dietary pattern was associated with increased radiographic and symptomatic KOA progression, while following a prudent pattern was associated with reduced progression. In general, for people already diagnosed with KOA, eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, whole grains, and legumes may be related to decreased radiographic and symptomatic disease progression.
Objective
This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and hip osteoarthritis in women. Alcohol has been associated with both adverse and beneficial health ...effects generally; however, the relationship between alcohol consumption and hip osteoarthritis has been minimally studied.
Methods
Among women in the Nurses’ Health Study cohort in the US, alcohol consumption was assessed every 4 years, starting in 1980. Intake was computed as cumulative averages and simple updates with latency periods of 0–4 through 20–24 years. We followed 83,383 women without diagnosed osteoarthritis in 1988 to June 2012. We identified 1,796 cases of total hip replacement due to hip osteoarthritis defined by self‐report of osteoarthritis with hip replacement.
Results
Alcohol consumption was positively associated with hip osteoarthritis risk. Compared with nondrinkers, multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.90, 1.19) for drinkers of >0 to <5 grams/day, HR 1.12 (95% CI 0.94, 1.33) for 5 to <10 grams/day, HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.10, 1.56) for 10 to <20 grams/day, and HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.09, 1.64) for ≥20 grams/day (P for trend < 0.0001). This association held in latency analyses of up to 16–20 years, and for alcohol consumption between 35–40 years of age. Independent of other alcoholic beverages, the multivariable HRs (per 10 grams of alcohol) were similar for individual types of alcohol intake (wine, liquor, and beer; P = 0.57 for heterogeneity among alcohol types).
Conclusion
Higher alcohol consumption was associated with greater incidence of total hip replacement due to hip osteoarthritis in a dose‐dependent manner in women.
Abstract
Objective
To examine the association of long-term weight change with RA risk in a large prospective cohort study.
Methods
The Nurses’ Health Study II started in 1989 (baseline); after ...exclusions, we studied 108 505 women 25–42 years old without RA. Incident RA was reported by participants and confirmed by medical record review. Body weight was reported biennially through 2015. We investigated two time-varying exposures: weight changes from baseline and from age 18; change was divided into five categories. We used a marginal structural model approach to account for time-varying weight change and covariates.
Results
Over 2 583 266 person-years, with a median follow-up time of 25.3 years, 541 women developed RA. Compared with women with stable weight from baseline, weight change was significantly associated with increased RA risk weight gain 2–<10 kg: RR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.38, 2.85); 10–<20 kg: RR = 3.28 (95% CI 2.20, 4.89); ≥20 kg: RR = 3.81 (95% CI 2.39, 6.07); and weight loss >2 kg: RR = 2.05 (95% CI 1.28, 3.28). Weight gain of 10 kg or more from age 18 compared with stable weight was also associated with increased RA risk 10–< 20 kg: RR = 2.12 (95% CI 1.37, 3.27), ≥20 kg: RR = 2.31 (95% CI 1.50, 3.56). Consistent findings were observed for seropositive and seronegative RA.
Conclusion
Long-term weight gain was strongly associated with increased RA risk in women, with weight gain of ≥20 kg associated with more than a three-fold increased RA risk. Maintenance of healthy weight may be a strategy to prevent or delay RA.
The ETS transcription factor ETV4 is involved in the main steps of organogenesis and is also a significant mediator of tumorigenesis and metastasis, such as in breast cancer. Indeed, ETV4 is ...overexpressed in breast tumors and is associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. However, the cellular and molecular events regulated by this factor are still misunderstood. In mammary epithelial cells, ETV4 controls the expression of many genes, MMP13 among them. The aim of this study was to understand the function of MMP13 during ETV4-driven tumorigenesis.
Different constructs of the MMP13 gene promoter were used to study the direct regulation of MMP13 by ETV4. Moreover, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, anchorage-independent growth, and in vivo tumorigenicity were assayed using models of mammary epithelial and cancer cells in which the expression of MMP13 and/or ETV4 is modulated. Importantly, the expression of MMP13 and ETV4 messenger RNA was characterized in 456 breast cancer samples.
Our results revealed that ETV4 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of the MMT mouse mammary tumorigenic cell line. By investigating molecular events downstream of ETV4, we found that MMP13, an extracellular metalloprotease, was an ETV4 target gene. By overexpressing or repressing MMP13, we showed that this metalloprotease contributes to proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent clonogenicity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MMP13 inhibition disturbs proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by ETV4 and participates to ETV4-induced tumor formation in immunodeficient mice. Finally, ETV4 and MMP13 co-overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer.
MMP13 potentiates the effects of the ETV4 oncogene during breast cancer genesis and progression.
•Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids from which specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) are derived, including resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These have potential as therapy for ...human rheumatic inflammatory disease, however, little is known about the effect of fish oil supplementation on SPM blood levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients. But, previous research has shown that fish oil supplementation is associated with a lower risk of RA. Thus, we investigated associations between over-the-counter omega-3 fatty acid FO supplementation and circulating SPMs among patients with and without RA.•Among all patients, both with and without RA, oral over-the-counter fish oil supplementation was associated with higher blood levels of pro-resolving lipid mediators including 17-HDHA (from DHA) and 15- and 18-HEPE (from EPA), precursors of both protectins and resolvins.•RA patients have the ability to augment their SPM precursor reserves, which may be important in resolving RA inflammation.
Little is known about the effects of over-the-counter fish oil (FO) supplements on circulating omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA)-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), nor about whether having a chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) influences SPM levels. We investigated associations between over-the-counter n-3 PUFA FO supplementation and circulating SPMs among patients with vs. without RA.
We studied 104 participants: 26 with RA taking FO matched by age and sex to 26 with RA not taking FO, 26 without RA taking FO, and 26 without RA not taking FO. Targeted-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy was performed on patient plasma to identify and quantify 27 lipid mediators (including eicosanoids and SPMs). We performed t-tests and then multivariable linear regression analyses to assess whether having RA or taking FO supplements was associated with circulating lipid mediator concentrations, adjusting for age, race, sex, smoking, body mass index, and current medication use (statins, prednisone and immunomodulators among RA cases only). We tested for interactions between FO supplementation and RA status. We also conducted Spearman's correlations between EPA, DHA, and ARA and their downstream metabolites.
Among patients who were taking FO compared to those who were not, in multivariable- adjusted analyses, SPM substrates EPA and DHA were both elevated as were several of their pro-resolving bioactive products, including 15- and 18-HEPE from EPA, and 14- and 17-HDHA from DHA, which are substrates for specific SPMs. While E-series and D-series resolvins were present and identified, we did not find statistical elevations of other SPMs. Results were similar among patients with RA and patients without RA, taking vs. not taking FO supplementation (no formal statistical interaction observed). There was a strong positive correlation between EPA and DHA and their immediate downstream SPM precursors (18-HEPE and15-HEPE from EPA; 17-HDHA and 14-HDHA from DHA) among all patients.
Patients taking FO supplements, regardless of RA status, not only had higher blood levels of EPA and DHA, but also of their enzymatic products 18-HEPE (E-series resolvin precursors), 15-HEPE and 17-HDHA (D-series resolvin and protectin precursors). Patients with RA, an inflammatory autoimmune disease, may be able to augment some SPM precursor reserves, similarly to matched controls without RA, by taking oral FO supplements.
Concern over loss of cognitive function, including descent into Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, grips a growing percentage of men and women worldwide as the global population ages. Many studies, ...though not all, suggest that maintaining cognitive health, as well as slowing and even preventing cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease, can be achieved by consuming healthy diets over a long enough period of time. This appears to be the case even for those who initiated dietary changes later in life, as evidenced by an intervention study assessing consumption of a healthy diet among those who were >50 years of age. All such diets share the common traits of being rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish or seafood, while also being low in red meat and sweets. A Mediterranean-style diet shares these characteristics and has been associated with an estimated 40% lower risk of cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease in prospective studies, in addition to being associated with both a 65% lower risk of mild cognitive impairment and improved cognitive performance in a notable randomized controlled trial.
Highlights • The prevalence of preeclampsia in Mongolia based on ACOG and ISSHP diagnostic criteria (4.1%) was consistent with global estimates of between 2 and 8%. • The proportion of Mongolian ...women diagnosed with preeclampsia was more than twice the actual prevalence (9.5%) based on strict ACOG and ISSHP diagnostic criteria. Women who were diagnosed without meeting diagnostic criteria subsequently had babies of normal gestational age and birth weight, suggesting no adverse consequences from their diagnosis. • Women who met the diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia had babies with higher birth weights than women who did not.
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