Kompetencije učitelja u suvremenoj školi znatno se razlikuju od onih koje su bile potrebne za tradicionalni načina poučavanja. Nekadašnji prijenos znanja bio je usmjeren na predavačku nastavu, gdje ...je učenik morao biti pasivni slušač. Danas su učiteljske kompetencije usmjerene na socijalni i emotivni razvoj učenika. U kontekstu različitosti koje obogaćuju našu školu, učitelj treba biti spreman na individualni pristup svakom učeniku, izradu posebnih i prilagođenih postupaka, suradnju i partnerstvo s roditeljima, timsko djelovanje. Učiteljska se kompetencija stječe putem studija i izgrađuje unutar iskustvenog profesionalnog polja. Njegovo daljnje cjeloživotno obrazovanje postalo je neizbježno. U radu je navedeno koje kompetencije treba imati učitelj u suvremenoj školi. Praktični dio rada obuhvaća istraživanje o razvijenosti kompetencija učitelja iz perspektive njih samih. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako su učitelji kompetentni za rad u suvremenoj školi, ali isto tako je vidljivo da teže stalnom usavršavanju te cjeloživotnom obrazovanju.
Kompetencije učitelja u suvremenoj školi znatno se razlikuju od onih koje su bile potrebne za tradicionalni načina poučavanja. Nekadašnji prijenos znanja bio je usmjeren na predavačku nastavu, gdje ...je učenik morao biti pasivni slušač. Danas su učiteljske kompetencije usmjerene na socijalni i emotivni razvoj učenika. U kontekstu različitosti koje obogaćuju našu školu, učitelj treba biti spreman na individualni pristup svakom učeniku, izradu posebnih i prilagođenih postupaka, suradnju i partnerstvo s roditeljima, timsko djelovanje. Učiteljska se kompetencija stječe putem studija i izgrađuje unutar iskustvenog profesionalnog polja. Njegovo daljnje cjeloživotno obrazovanje postalo je neizbježno.
U radu je navedeno koje kompetencije treba imati učitelj u suvremenoj školi. Praktični dio rada obuhvaća istraživanje o razvijenosti kompetencija učitelja iz perspektive njih samih. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako su učitelji kompetentni za rad u suvremenoj školi, ali isto tako je vidljivo da teže stalnom usavršavanju te cjeloživotnom obrazovanju.
The early steps of HIV-1 infection, such as uncoating, reverse transcription, nuclear import, and transport to integration sites are incompletely understood. Here, we imaged nuclear entry and ...transport of HIV-1 replication complexes in cell lines, primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and CD4
T cells. We show that viral replication complexes traffic to and accumulate within nuclear speckles and that these steps precede the completion of viral DNA synthesis. HIV-1 transport to nuclear speckles is dependent on the interaction of the capsid proteins with host cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6), which is also required to stabilize the association of the viral replication complexes with nuclear speckles. Importantly, integration site analyses reveal a strong preference for HIV-1 to integrate into speckle-associated genomic domains. Collectively, our results demonstrate that nuclear speckles provide an architectural basis for nuclear homing of HIV-1 replication complexes and subsequent integration into associated genomic loci.
•Study of the bond-slip behavior in self-consolidating rubberized concrete (SCRC)•Overview of the available studies on bond-slip behavior in SCRC.•Results show, the bond strength depends on the ...diameter of reinforcement bar and rubber content.•Proposition of the analytical model for predicting bond strength and corresponding slip.•Ultimate bond strength as a function of the reinforcement diameter, compressive strength and rubber content.
A sustainable solution was found for the use of waste material such as used tires by partially replacing the natural aggregate in the concrete with recycled rubber particles. This resulted in improved ductility, but at the expense of reduced strength and stiffness. To further investigate the behavior of rubberized concrete, this paper investigates the bond-slip behavior of reinforcement in self-consolidating rubberized concrete. A total of 27 cubic specimens with reinforcement bars and embedded confinement were constructed. Two parameters affecting the bond-slip behavior were investigated: the reinforcement bar diameter (∅12, ∅16, ∅20 mm), the content of rubber particles in the self-consolidating concrete (0%, 10%, 15%), and silica fume (0%, 5%). From the experimental results, it can be concluded that both a higher rubber content and a larger reinforcement diameter have a negative effect on the bond coefficient, reducing it by up to 28.87% and 18.78%, respectively, while the bond strength decreases by 33% for a rubber replacement of 15%. In the case of rubberized concrete, a more ductile behavior is observed due to the rubber content. Based on the obtained results, a parametric analysis was performed and an analytical prediction model was proposed.
Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) is a rare clinical entity, presumed to be associated with preceding upper respiratory tract infection and/or use of certain antibiotics, marked by ...bilateral acute loss of iris pigment epithelium with pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber and trabecular meshwork, which can cause elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma, and with iris transillumination and sphincter paralysis which lead to photophobia and blurry vision. We report the first two cases of BAIT in our center which both had a history of preceding COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) and moxifloxacin use. With more awareness, ophthalmologists might diagnose more cases, and thus gain more information regarding the link between COVID-19 and BAIT, which might be underdiagnosed since it is rare or easily misdiagnosed as some more common diseases with similar features.
Gender determination of the human remains can be very challenging, especially in the case of incomplete ones. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept experiment where the possibility of gender ...recognition using Raman spectroscopy of teeth is investigated. Raman spectra were recorded from male and female molars and premolars on two distinct sites, tooth apex and anatomical neck. Recorded spectra were sorted into suitable datasets and initially analyzed with principal component analysis, which showed a distinction between spectra of male and female teeth. Then, reduced datasets with scores of the first 20 principal components were formed and two classification algorithms, support vector machine and artificial neural networks, were applied to form classification models for gender recognition. The obtained results showed that gender recognition with Raman spectra of teeth is possible but strongly depends both on the tooth type and spectrum recording site. The difference in classification accuracy between different tooth types and recording sites are discussed in terms of the molecular structure difference caused by the influence of masticatory loading or gender-dependent life events.
An assembly of capsid proteins (CA) form the mature viral core enclosing the HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein complex. Discrepant findings have been reported regarding the cellular sites and the extent of ...core disassembly (uncoating) in infected cells. Here, we combined single-virus imaging and time-of-drug-addition assays to elucidate the kinetic relationship between uncoating, reverse transcription, and nuclear import of HIV-1 complexes in cell lines and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). By using cyclophilin A-DsRed (CDR) as a marker for CA, we show that, in contrast to TZM-bl cells, early cytoplasmic uncoating (loss of CDR) is limited in MDMs and is correlated with the efficiency of reverse transcription. However, we find that reverse transcription is dispensable for HIV-1 nuclear import, which progressed through an uncoating step at the nuclear pore. Comparison of the kinetics of nuclear import and the virus escape from inhibitors targeting distinct steps of infection, as well as direct quantification of viral DNA synthesis, revealed that reverse transcription is completed after nuclear import of HIV-1 complexes. Collectively, these results suggest that reverse transcription is dispensable for the uncoating step at the nuclear pore and that vDNA synthesis is completed in the nucleus of unrelated target cells.
Pelvic fractures are common and potentially life-threatening. Pelvic circumferential compression devices (PCCD) can temporize hemorrhage, but more invasive strategies that involve femoral access may ...be necessary for definitive treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of PCCDs reducing open book pelvic fractures when utilizing commonly described modifications and placement adjustments that allow for access to the femoral vasculature.
Open book pelvic fractures were created in adult cadavers. Three commercially available PCCDs were used to reduce fractures. The binders were properly placed, moved caudally, or moved cranially and modified. Fracture reduction rates were then recorded.
The pelvic fracture was completely reduced with every PCCD tested when properly placed. Reduction rates decreased with improper placement and modifications.
Modifying PCCD placement to allow femoral access decreased the effectiveness of these devices Clinicians should be aware of this possibility when caring for critically injured trauma patients with pelvic fractures.
•Properly placed pelvic binders reduced open book pelvic fractures 100% of the time.•Modification to binder position, with or without modification to the pelvic binder itself, is required for femoral access.•Successfully reduced open book pelvic fractures decreased with binder modifications.
In an effort to reduce costs, hospitals focus efforts on reducing length of stay (LOS) and often benchmark LOS against the geometric LOS (GMLOS) as predicted by the assigned diagnosis-related group ...(DRG) used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of exceeding GMLOS on hospital profit/loss with respect to payer source.
Contribution margin for each insured patient admitted to a Level I trauma center between July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2019, was determined. Age, ethnicity, race, DRG weight, DRG version, injury severity, intensive care unit admission status, mechanical ventilation, payer, exceeding GMLOS, and the interaction between payer and exceeding the GMLOS were regressed on contribution margin to determine significant predictors of positive contribution margin.
Among 2,449 insured trauma patients, the distribution of payers was Medicaid (54.6%), Medicare (24.0%), and commercial (21.4%). Thirty-five percent (n = 867) of patient LOS exceeded GMLOS. Exceeding GMLOS by 10 or more days was significantly more likely for Medicaid and Medicare patients in stepwise fashion (commercial, 2.7%; Medicaid, 4.5%; Medicare, 6.0%; p = 0.030). Median contribution margin was positive for commercially insured patients ($16,913) and negative for Medicaid (-$8,979) and Medicare (-$2,145) patients. Adjusted multivariate modeling demonstrated that when exceeding GMLOS, Medicare and Medicaid cases were less likely than commercial payers to have a positive contribution margin (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001).
Government-insured patients, despite having a payer source, are a financial burden to a trauma center. Excess LOS among government insured patients, but not the commercially insured, exacerbates financial loss. A shift toward a greater proportion of government insured patients may result in a significant fiscal liability for a trauma center.
Economic and Value-Based Evaluation, Level III.
The objective of the present study is to analyze the link between the degree of professional burnout among general practitioners in Bulgaria during a pandemic and their satisfaction with the balance ...between their personal lives and professional lives. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from December 2021 to January 2022 among 377 general practitioners. We identified the presence and level of burnout syndrome among GPs using V. Boyko's method for diagnostics of the severity of symptoms and the phases of formation and completion of the 'occupational burnout' process. Descriptive statistics and parametric and non-parametric tests were used for the analysis. For the significance level of the null hypothesis, we assumed that
< 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. A total of 96.3% of the GPs had a high level of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. They worked more than 8 h a day (74.8%) and more than 5 days a week (69.0%). A total of 86.3% of them were not satisfied with the spare time they had and stated that they could not balance their work and personal lives (67.1%) since the pandemic was announced. A link was found between the level of professional burnout and long working hours (
= 0.022), dissatisfaction with free time (
= 0.028), and the inability to balance work and personal life (
= 0.000), as well as concerns related to safety during the pandemic (
= 0.048). Unrealistically high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic due to a disturbed work-life balance is a reason to re-evaluate health policies and involve more hospital care doctors at the frontlines to fight against severe infectious diseases. The results of this study could be used to inform policy makers, healthcare managers, and other stakeholders about the factors that have had profound impacts on GPs' stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.
PDF
