JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Embora sejam os cães os animais mais utilizados em Cirurgia Experimental, nota-se crescente utilização de ovinos, bovinos e suínos como modelos para experimentação ...científica. Assim, faz-se necessário maior aprendizado de seu tratamento e padronizações básicas para os procedimentos cirúrgicos mais complexos em suínos. O objetivo foi avaliar a sedação e analgesia, obtidas pela injeção intramuscular de midazolam e cetamina e anestesia local com lidocaína a 2% sem vasoconstritor, na realização de traqueostomia, dissecção de artéria e veia femorais. MÉTODO: A freqüência cardíaca e o reflexo córneo-palpebral foram avaliados logo no início da sedação, durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos descritos e após seu término. Foram utilizados oito suínos fornecidos por fazendas locais sem tratamento prévio da raça Large White, com peso de 35 a 42 quilos que receberam injeção intramuscular de 22 mg.kg-1 de cetamina e 0,3 mg.kg-1 de midazolam. RESULTADOS: A abordagem anestésica nesses animais, de difíceis intubação e acesso aos vasos profundos, provou ser segura para sedação e analgesia através do método utilizado: acesso intramuscular. CONCLUSÃO: Obteve-se adequado plano de anestesia para o procedimento proposto.
We assessed a new experimental model of isolated right ventricular (RV) failure, achieved by means of intramyocardial injection of ethanol. RV dysfunction was induced in 13 mongrel dogs via multiple ...injections of 96% ethanol (total dose 1 mL/kg), all over the inlet and trabecular RV free walls. Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters were evaluated at baseline, after ethanol injection, and on the 14th postoperative day (POD). Echocardiographic parameters were evaluated at baseline, on the sixth POD, and on the 13th POD. The animals were then euthanized for histopathological analysis of the hearts. There was a 15.4% mortality rate. We noticed a decrease in pulmonary blood flow right after RV failure (P = 0.0018), as well as during reoperation on the 14th POD (P = 0.002). The induced RV dysfunction caused an increase in venous lactate levels immediately after ethanol injection and on the 14th POD (P < 0.0003). The echocardiogram revealed a decrease in the RV ejection fraction on the sixth and 13th PODs (P = 0.0001). There was an increased RV end‐diastolic volume on the sixth (P = 0.0001) and 13th PODs (P = 0.0084). The right ventricle showed a 74% ± 0.06% transmural infarction area, with necrotic lesions aged 14 days. Intramyocardial ethanol injection has allowed the creation of a reproducible and inexpensive model of RV failure. The hemodynamic, metabolic, and echocardiographic parameters assessed at different protocol times are compatible with severe RV failure. This model may be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of isolated right‐sided heart failure, as well as in the assessment of ventricular assist devices.
O livro de Jó Marques, Carlos Euclides
Anuário de literatura : publicação do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Literatura Brasileira e Teoria Literária,
01/1996, Letnik:
4, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Although dogs are the animals used more often in Experimental Surgeries, the use of sheep, bovine, and swine as models for scientific experiments has been growing. Thus, further learning on the ...treatment and basic standardization of more complex surgeries in swine are necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate sedation and analgesia, obtained by the intramuscular administration of midazolam and ketamine, and local anesthetics with 2% lidocaine without vasoconstrictor, in tracheostomy and dissection of femoral artery and vein.
The heart rate and corneal-palpebral reflex were evaluated at the beginning of sedation, during the surgical procedures, and at the end of those procedures. Eight Large White swine, without prior treatment, weighing 35 to 42 kg were provided by local farms. They received intramuscular injections of 22 mg.kg of ketamine and 0.3 mg.kg(-1) of midazolam.
The anesthetic approach on those animals, who present both difficult intubation and access to deep vessels, proved to be safe for sedation and analgesia by the method chosen: intramuscular administration.
An adequate plane of anesthesia for the proposed procedure was achieved.
Balada emblante Marques, Carlos Euclides
1997, 2012-10-17T02:59:04Z
Dissertation
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão
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Persistent inflammatory responses in the elderly may act as modifiers on the progression and repair of chronic apical periodontitis lesions (CAPLs). While the involvement of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in ...inflammatory responses and, particularly, in CAPL has been documented, their expression in elderly patients needs to be further characterized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CAPL from elderly individuals with young/middle-aged individuals. Thirty CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granulomas) from elderly patients (>60 years) and 30 CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granuloma) from young/middle-aged individuals (20-56 years) were selected. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed against IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The slides were subdivided into five high-magnification fields and analyzed. The number of positive stains was evaluated for each antibody. There was no significant difference between the cytokines when the cysts and granuloma were compared in the two groups. In the young/middle-aged, only IL-1β showed a difference and was significantly higher in granulomas (
= 0.019). CAPL pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the elderly were significantly higher than in young/middle-aged individuals (
< 0.05). The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in CAPL in the elderly compared with the young/middle-aged group. Further elaborate research studies/analyses to elucidate the reasons for and consequences of inflammation in the elderly are recommended.
Neuropsychological alterations have been identified in populations heavily exposed to metals with neurotoxic potential, such as manganese (Mn). This study examined the associations between Mn ...environmental exposure in school-aged children and executive functions, using structural equation modeling. Children, aged between 7 and 12 years (N = 181), were recruited from four elementary schools located in a region that is under the influence of atmospheric emissions from a ferro-manganese alloy plant in the municipality of Simões Filho, Bahia, Brazil. The following cognitive functions were evaluated: Intelligence, Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Verbal and Design Fluency, Verbal and Visual Working Memory and Attention. We performed structural equation modeling to identify the following executive functions latent variables: working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. We further analyzed the relations between executive functions and Mn measured in hair (MnH) and toenails (MnTn) with linear mixed models, after controlling for co-variables. A positive effect at the individual level on working memory, inhibition control and cognitive flexibility was observed with MnTn after controlling for co-variables, but no association was found with MnH levels. However, children attending school most environmentally exposed to Mn emissions, which had the highest rate of Mn dust deposition, had the poorest scores on working memory. These findings suggest both benefits and risk of Mn on children's cognitive development.
•Mn levels can be beneficial or risky for children's cognitive development.•Higher Mn dust deposition rate at School was related to worse children’s working memory performance.•The increase of children's Mn toenails levels was associated with better performance in executive functions.
The potential expression of crop productivity is a constant challenge for plant breeders in the face of oscillations in environmental variables, making selection difficult and increasing the ...operational and methodological costs in obtaining the ideal cultivar for a determined region. The objective of the research was to investigate the effects of genotype x environment interaction in the selection of cowpea lines with high grain yield, adaptability, and genotypic stability simultaneously, in environments of the Northwest region of Rio de Janeiro State, using mixed models (Maximum Restricted Likelihood - REML/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction - BLUP). 27 cowpea genotypes were evaluated in six environments by combining location (Cambuci-RJ and Bom Jesus do Itabapoana-RJ) and year (2016, 2017 and 2018). A randomized block design with four replications was performed. The genetic parameters were estimated via the REML/BLUP procedure, and the selection was based on the harmonic mean method of the relative performance of the genetic values (HMRPGV). A meaningful difference was observed for environment and genotype x environment interaction. The residual variance and the variance of the genotype x environment interaction formed the most significant fractions of the phenotypic variance. Lines 4 (Bico-de-ouro 1-5-24), 6 (Pingo-de-Ouro 1-5-4), 5 (Pingo-de-Ouro 1-5-26), and 9 (Pingo-de-Ouro 1-5-8), stood out as superior in terms of stability and adaptability and grain yield by HMRPGV. Commercial cultivars 13 (BRS-Tumucumaque) and 26 (BRS-Itaim) had high grain yield, adaptability, and specific stability in the evaluated edaphoclimatic conditions.
RESUMO: A expressão potencial da produtividade das culturas constitui um desafio constante aos criadores de plantas frente às oscilações das variáveis ambientais, dificultando a seleção e onerando os custos operacionais e metodológicos na obtenção da cultivar ideal para determinada região. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da interação genótipos x ambientes na seleção de linhagens de feijão-caupi com alta produtividade de grãos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade genotípica simultaneamente, em ambientes da região Noroeste do estado do Rio de Janeiro, usando modelos mistos (Máximo Verosimilhança Restrita - REML/Melhor Predição Linear não Viesado - BLUP). Avaliou-se 27 genótipos de feijão-caupi em seis ambientes pela combinação de local (Cambuci-RJ e Bom Jesus do Itabapoana-RJ) e ano (2016, 2017 e 2018). Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados via procedimento REML/BLUP, e a seleção baseou-se no método da média harmônica do desempenho relativo dos valores genéticos (HMRPGV). Observou-se diferença significativa para ambiente e interação genótipo x ambiente. A variância residual e a variância da interação genótipo x ambiente formaram as maiores frações da variância fenotípica. As linhagens 4 (Bico-de-ouro 1-5-24), 6 (Pingo-de-ouro 1-5-4), 5 (Pingo-de-ouro 1-5-26) e 9 (Pingo-de-ouro 1-5-8) foram classificadas como superiores quanto a estabilidade e adaptabilidade e rendimento de grãos pelo critério da HMRPGV. As cultivares comerciais 13 (BRS-Tumucumaque) e 26 (BRS-Itaim) reuniram elevada produtividade de grãos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade específica nas condições edafoclimáticas avaliadas.
Two experiments were performed to evaluate snaplage ensiling additives and determine the effects of feeding snaplage to lambs. In Exp. 1, grains, ears and husk from maize harvested at the R4 ...phenological stage were ensiled (65.3% DM content) in 30 min-silos in a completely randomised design with the following treatments: control (CON); microbial inoculant (INO), (Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) at 4 g/ton of ensiled material; and organic acids (OA), a blend of organic acids at 2 g/kg of ensiled material. In Exp. 2, nine lambs were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Lambs were randomly assigned to the following diets: control (CON); rehydrated maize silage (RHC), diet containing 380 g/kg RHC; or snaplage (SNAP), diet containing 770 g/kg of SNAP. Snaplage with OA exhibited greater DM recovery, lactic acid bacteria count and DM content than other treatments. Snaplage with INO had the lowest counts of aerobic bacteria and mould. Lambs-fed SNAP had greater nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and N retention compared to other groups. Incorporating OA to snaplage decreased DM losses and improved microbiological quality and chemical composition. Feeding snaplage to lambs may improve DM intake and apparent digestibility.
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