ABSTRACT
CAFE is a high-resolution spectrograph with high-precision radial velocity capabilities mounted at the 2.2 m telescope of Calar Alto Observatory. It suffered from strong degradation after ...4 yr of operations and it has now been upgraded. The upgrades of the instrument (now named CAFE2) aimed at recovering the throughput and improving the stability due to the installation of a new grating, an active temperature control in the isolated coudé room, and a new scrambling system. In this paper, we present the results of the new commissioning of the instrument and a new pipeline (CAFExtractor) that provides the user with fully reduced data including radial velocity measurements of FGK dwarf stars. The commissioning results show a clear improvement in the instrument performance. The room temperature is now stabilized down to 5 mK during one night and below 50 mK over two months. CAFE2 now provides 3 m s−1 precision on the reference ThAr frames and the on-sky tests provide a radial velocity precision of 8 m s−1 during one night (for S/N > 50). The throughput of the instrument is now back to nominal values with an efficiency of around 15 per cent at 550 nm. The limiting magnitude of the instrument for a 1 h exposure and S/N = 20 is V = 15. With all these properties, CAFE enters into the small family of high-resolution spectrographs at 2–4 m telescopes capable of reaching radial velocity precisions below 10 m s−1.
This study represents a complete comparative analysis of the most widely used African swine fever (ASF) diagnostic techniques in the European Union (EU) using field and experimental samples from ...animals infected with genotype II ASF virus (ASFV) isolates circulating in Europe. To detect ASFV, three different PCRs were evaluated in parallel using 785 field and experimental samples. The results showed almost perfect agreement between the Universal ProbeLibrary (UPL-PCR) and the real-time (κ = 0.94 95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.91 to 0.97) and conventional (κ = 0.88 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.92) World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)-prescribed PCRs. The UPL-PCR had greater diagnostic sensitivity for detecting survivors and allows earlier detection of the disease. Compared to the commercial antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), good-to-moderate agreement (κ = 0.67 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.76) was obtained, with a sensitivity of 77.2% in the commercial test. For ASF antibody detection, five serological methods were tested, including three commercial ELISAs, the OIE-ELISA, and the confirmatory immunoperoxidase test (IPT). Greater sensitivity was obtained with the IPT than with the ELISAs, since the IPT was able to detect ASF antibodies at an earlier point in the serological response, when few antibodies are present. The analysis of the exudate tissues from dead wild boars showed that IPT might be a useful serological tool for determining whether or not animals had been exposed to virus infection, regardless of whether antibodies were present. In conclusion, the UPL-PCR in combination with the IPT was the most trustworthy method for detecting ASF during the epidemic outbreaks affecting EU countries in 2014. The use of the most appropriate diagnostic tools is critical when implementing effective control programs.
This study analyses the use of the solar photo-Fenton treatment in compound parabolic collector photo-reactors at neutral pH for the inactivation of wild enteric Escherichia coli and total coliform ...present in secondary effluents of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (SEWWTP). Control experiments were carried out to find out the individual effects of mechanical stress, pH, reactants concentration, and UVA radiation as well as the combined effects of UVA-Fe and UVA-H2O2. The synergistic germicidal effect of solar-UVA with 50 mg L−1 of H2O2 led to complete disinfection (up to the detection limit) of total coliforms within 120 min. The disinfection process was accelerated by photo-Fenton, achieving total inactivation in 60 min reducing natural bicarbonate concentration found in the SEWWTP from 250 to 100 mg L−1 did not give rise to a significant enhancement in bacterial inactivation. Additionally, the effect of hydrogen peroxide and iron dosage was evaluated. The best conditions were 50 mg L−1 of H2O2 and 20 mg L−1 of Fe2+. Due to the variability of the SEWWTP during autumn and winter seasons, the inactivation kinetic constant varied between 0.07 ± 0.04 and 0.17 ± 0.04 min−1. Moreover, the water treated by solar photo-Fenton fulfilled the microbiological quality requirement for wastewater reuse in irrigation as per the WHO guidelines and in particular for Spanish legislation.
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•Disinfection by solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH as tertiary treatment was studied.•Photo-Fenton reduces 50% the inactivation time respect to UVA-H2O2.•Total inactivation by photo-Fenton was achieved in 60 min (H2O2/Fe2+: 50/20 mg L−1).•Wastewater treated by photo-Fenton was adequate for irrigation reuse.•In spite to the seasonal variability 99% of disinfection was achieved in 40 min.
In the brain of adult rats neurogenesis persists in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. By contrast, low proliferative activity was observed ...in the hypothalamus. We report here that, after intracerebroventricular treatment with insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), cell proliferation significantly increased in both the periventricular and the parenchymal zones of the whole hypothalamus. Neurons, astrocytes, tanycytes, microglia and endothelial cells of the local vessels were stained with the proliferative marker 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) in response to IGF‐I. Conversely, we never observed BrdU‐positive ciliated cubic ependymal cells. Proliferation was intense in the subventricular area of a distinct zone of the mid third ventricle wall limited dorsally by ciliated cubic ependyma and ventrally by tanycytic ependyma. In this area, we saw a characteristic cluster of proliferating cells. This zone of the ventricular wall displayed three cell layers: ciliated ependyma, subependyma and underlying tanycytes. After IGF‐I treatment, proliferating cells were seen in the subependyma and in the layer of tanycytes. In the subependyma, proliferating glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes contacted the ventricle by an apical process bearing a single cilium and there were many labyrinthine extensions of the periventricular basement membranes. Both features are typical of neurogenic niches in other brain zones, suggesting that the central overlapping zone of the rat hypothalamic wall could be considered a neurogenic niche in response to IGF‐I.
Introduction
The psychopathological causes that advise against a bariatric surgical procedure include any state that puts at risk the modification of habits and beliefs regarding eating behavior, ...wich condition weight loss and health improvement.
Objectives
To Study the psychiatric profile of patients rejected for bariatric surgery at the Complejo Hospitalario Asistencial de León (León, Spain).
Methods
Retrospective observational study. All patients for whom bariatric surgery procedure has been contraindicated for psychopathological reasons are included. 145 patients were evaluated in the context of the protocol for bariatric surgery. The following diagnostic scales were used as support: Salamanca Questionnaire, Plutchik Impulsivity Scale, Attitudes towards change in patients with eating disorders (ACTA), Bulimia Investigatory Test Edinburgh e, and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions.
Results
41 Patients were rejected for psychiatric reasons (28.28%). The most frequent diagnoses are impulse control disorder (39%), followed by eating disorder (27%). Other diagnoses found are: depressive disorder (10%), adjustment disorder (5%), personality disorders, intellectual disability and generalized anxiety disorder (3%) 78% of them are women.
Conclusions
Uncontrolled psychiatric pathology is a contraindication to bariatric surgery. Impulse control disorder and eating disorder are related to overweight and obesity, so a diagnosis and treatment are necessary prior planning surgical procedure. Psychopathological variables determine the success of bariatric surgery procedures and it is mandatory to consider them in the process.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
The prevalence of schizophrenia is close to 1 percent internationally. According to the 2019 census, the population in the province of León, our study population, is 460,001 inhabitants.
...Objectives
To study the distribution of schizofrenia in the area covered by the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Spain.
Methods
This is a retrospective and cross-sectional descriptive study. The data of the hospitalizations of the last 10 years (2009-2019) will be obtained in any service of the CAULE of the 28 basic health areas of the province of León, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Prevalence will be calculated. The rate of schizophrenia will be calculated for the decade per 1000 inhabitants.
Results
3133 admissions identified 1576 unique patients. It is the decade of 50-59 where the largest number of hospitalizations is concentrated. Most entered directly into the psychiatry hospital care. It is 2019 where the most income is produced and 2017 the one with the least. The rate of schizophrenia is 3,2 Per 1000 inhabitants.
Conclusions
Hospitalizations for schizophrenia is concentrated in the decade of the 40-49 years. The diagnosis of schizophrenia is frecuently delayed until negative symptoms appear. There is an upward trend in hospitalizations per year in the last decade. The rate of schizophrenia is higher in areas where consanguinity is present and where the prison is located.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
Conversion is the transformation of a conflict (unconscious) into a somatic symptom or a “non-verbal way of expressing psychological discomfort”, through somatizations. The disorder ...suggests a neurological or medical disease, associated psychological factors appear and is not produced intentionally.
Objectives
To describe a case of conversion disorder.
Methods
Retrospective review of clinical records and complementary test, including psychiatry, electrophysiology and neurology.
Results
An 18-year-old boy came to the emergency room for paralysis. He has anesthesia of lower limbs. He shows indifference towards this symthoms.He denies any stressful situation. On examination, no psychotic or affective symptoms were observed. Belle indifference. Blood tests and a cranial CT scan were performed without alterations, so the patient was admitted for study. The electromyogram, lumbar puncture and cranial magnetic resonance show negative results. Suggestion is carried out, proving effective and recovering gait and sensitivity. These episodes are repeated up to 4 times until finally, during an interview with the family, episodes of bullying come to light. We work in therapy with a diagnosis of conversion disorder.
Conclusions
The most frequent symptoms in conversion disorder are mutism, paralysis, anesthesia, blindness and seizures. It is usually monosymptomatic for each patient. Diferencial diagnosis with neurological pathology should be made.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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