Proper modeling of flow or viscosity curves as a function of shear rate is a useful tool in any engineering activity. The rheology of foods depends on the composition, processing to which they have ...been subjected and the state of dispersion in which they are found. Liquid foods are complex biosystems, that show non‐Newtonian behavior under flow conditions. This review presents models used in recent decades to describe the experimental rheological behavior of various liquid foods, ranging from Newtonian fluids to the most complex. Some non‐Newtonian parameters such as those of the Ostwald‐de Waele, Bingham, Herschel–Bulkley, Casson, Cross, and Carreau models are summarized. Examples of thixotropic behavior described by the Weltman and Abu‐Jdayil models are also presented. In each model, explanations based on the composition and dispersion state of the food are made. This is useful in innovative processing technologies and for scientists new to the field of food rheology. An attempt is made to exemplify and group the expected behavior for most fluid foods, including some for a dysphagia diet, depending on their composition or the dispersed system formed, which will be useful for professionals who wish to compare reported rheological parameters with those obtained experimentally.
An attempt is made to exemplify and group the expected flow behavior for most fluid foods, depending on their composition or the dispersed system formed, which will be useful for professionals who wish to compare reported rheological parameters with those obtained experimentally.
In this work, we report the multifunctional character of neodymium-doped LaF3 core/shell nanoparticles. Because of the spectral overlap of the neodymium emission bands with the transparency windows ...of human tissues, these nanoparticles emerge as relevant subtissue optical probes. For neodymium contents optimizing the luminescence brightness of Nd3+:LaF3 nanoparticles, subtissue penetration depths of several millimeters have been demonstrated. At the same time, it has been found that the infrared emission bands of Nd3+:LaF3 nanoparticles show a remarkable thermal sensitivity, so that they can be advantageously used as luminescent nanothermometers for subtissue thermal sensing. This possibility has been demonstrated in this work: Nd3+:LaF3 nanoparticles have been used to provide optical control over subtissue temperature in a single-beam plasmonic-mediated heating experiment. In this experiment, gold nanorods are used as nanoheaters while thermal reading is performed by the Nd3+:LaF3 nanoparticles. The possibility of a real single-beam-controlled subtissue hyperthermia process is, therefore, pointed out.
•Combining the fine fraction of CDW (glass and concrete) yields viable pozzolans.•Their use at 7% replacement level gives cements compliant with current standards.•Blended mortars show slightly lower ...mechanical strength and resistivity values.•Calcareous concrete wastes increase capillary absorption more than siliceous ones.
The serious technical and environmental problems associated with the management of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) have led to a worldwide growing interest in the recycling of that waste stream as secondary raw material for sustainable building applications.
This research work investigates the physical and mechanical behaviour of mortars made with ternary cements containing 7% of a binary recycled CDW mixture comprising the fine fraction (<5 mm) of recycled concrete waste (both siliceous and calcareous nature) in combination with recycled laminar glass in three different proportions (1/1, 1/2, and 2/1, respectively). To this end, the chemical composition and fineness of the anhydrous ternary cements were analysed, as well as their behaviour in paste and mortar matrices, in both fresh and hardened states, verifying the requirements established by the applicable standards.
The results attest to the viability of using these ternary cements, as their performance is comparable to that of an ordinary Portland cement (OPC), without evidencing any significant dependence on the glass content. The compressive strength values decrease by 7–8% with respect to that of the OPC mortar, revealing the prevalence of the filler effect over the pozzolanic reaction. The ternary cements analysed in this study met the chemical, physical and mechanical requirements for the elaboration of future eco-efficient cements.
From physics to chemistry of fresh blended cements Flatt, Robert J.; Roussel, Nicolas; Bessaies-Bey, Hela ...
Cement and concrete research,
October 2023, 2023-10-00, 2023-10, Letnik:
172
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Tomorrow's mineral binders are called on to integrate a growing proportion of mineral powders other than Portland clinker. This impacts most properties of industrial interest including fresh state ...properties, the focus of this paper.
We discuss the physical, physico-chemical and chemical changes that such an evolution in mix design is expected to induce.-Volume-driven effects (physics) control solid fraction, packing properties and strongly relate to particle shape, particle polydispersity and early hydrates morphology.-Surface-driven effects (physical chemistry) drive interparticle forces and admixtures adsorption, profoundly impacting the rheology by modifying the degree of dispersion.-Early hydration kinetics (chemistry) leads to hydrate nucleation and growth, which impact the above by modifying the specific surface area, admixture consumption and cohesion forces.
We discuss the above features, their independence and their interplay and extrapolate the critical research questions and needs associated to a full understanding of the fresh properties of blended cements.
In recent years, meat production and consumption has become a topic of intense debate for environmental, animal welfare and health reasons. Research on more sustainable alternatives to meat ...production has increased. Our goal is to gain insight into the purchase of meat from transhumance livestock and to explore the main factors driving this process. This type of meat is more respectful towards the environment and animal welfare, provides financial stability for many rural families and helps preserve an activity that is part of the cultural heritage in rural areas. From a methodological point of view, we have adopted the theoretical alphabet theory model proposed by Zepeda and Deal in 2009 to explain sustainable purchase behavior. For this purpose, we created two different models, one for lamb meat and one for beef meat. The data come from an online survey of Spanish meat consumers. We applied a structural equation modeling technique to test the suggested model and hypothesis. The results allow us to conclude that the alphabet theory is a suitable theory for our data. The level of knowledge on transhumance and contextual factors, such as the content of fat or the type of meat, impact the creation of attitudes towards this type of livestock farming, but demographic variables do not. In both models, buying meat with a designation of origin and buying meat at specialty retailers are habits that positively influence purchase intention. Our results are highly relevant to help meat of transhumant origin reach the markets and to differentiate it from other products.
Some progress has been made in gender diversity in undergraduate medical education and the physician workforce, but much remains to be done to improve workforce disparities for women, particularly ...women from underrepresented populations, such as Latinas. This study examines the current level of representation and demographic characteristics of Latina physicians, including age, language use, nativity, and citizenship status.
The authors used data from the 2014-2018 U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates for their analyses. During the time period covered by this analysis, ACS response rates ranged from 92.0% to 96.7%. The authors included in this study individuals who self-reported their occupation as physician and who self-identified their race/ethnicity as either non-Hispanic White (NHW) or Hispanic/Latino, regardless of race. The authors used person-level sampling weights provided by the ACS to convert the original 1% sample to a 100% enumeration of the population.
According to the ACS 2014-2018 5-year estimates, NHW physicians make up 65.8% (660,031/1,002,527) of physicians in the United States. Women comprise 36.1% (361,442) of the total U.S. physician population; however, Hispanic/Latina women comprise only 2.4% (24,411). The female physician population is younger than the male physician population, and Hispanic female physicians are the youngest. Latina physicians are far more likely to speak Spanish at home than NHW physicians. Immigrants make up 40.1% (9,782/24,411) of the Hispanic female physician population, and 12.3% (3,012/24,411) of Hispanic female physicians are not U.S. citizens.
This study suggests that Latina physicians in the United States are younger, more likely to be bilingual and speak Spanish at home, and very underrepresented, compared with NHW female and male physicians. Increasing their share of the U.S. physician workforce would benefit the pursuit of health equity for an ever more diverse population.
We report a macrocyclic ligand (H3 L 6 ) based on a 3,6,10,13-tetraaza-1,8(2,6)-dipyridinacyclotetradecaphane platform containing three acetate pendant arms and a benzyl group attached to the fourth ...nitrogen atom of the macrocycle. The X-ray structures of the YL 6 and TbL 6 complexes reveal nine coordination of the ligand to the metal ions through the six nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle and three oxygen atoms of the carboxylate pendants. A combination of NMR spectroscopic studies (1H, 13C, and 89Y) and DFT calculations indicated that the structure of the YL 6 complex in the solid state is maintained in an aqueous solution. The detailed study of the emission spectra of the EuL 6 and TbL 6 complexes revealed Ln3+-centered emission with quantum yields of 7.0 and 60%, respectively. Emission lifetime measurements indicate that the ligand offers good protection of the metal ions from surrounding water molecules, preventing the coordination of water molecules. The YL 6 complex is remarkably inert with respect to complex dissociation, with a lifetime of 1.7 h in 1 M HCl. On the other hand, complex formation is fast (∼1 min at pH 5.4, 2 × 10–5 M). Studies using the 90Y-nuclide confirmed fast radiolabeling since 90YYL 6 is nearly quantitatively formed (radiochemical yield (RCY) > 95) in a short time over a broad range of pH values from ca. 2.4 to 9.0. Challenging experiments in the presence of excess ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and in human serum revealed good stability of the 90YYL 6 complex. All of these experiments combined suggest the potential application of H3 L 6 derivatives as Y-based radiopharmaceuticals.
This was an ambispective cohort study evaluating the prognostic significance of lymphocytic foci and its lymphoid composition in minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) for short-term disease flare and ...severity in Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
The inclusion criteria comprised individuals meeting the ACR/EULAR 2016 criteria who underwent MSGB with an infiltration of more than 50 lymphocytes and received clinical diagnosis between September 2017 and December 2018. Patients with inadequate biopsy samples were excluded. The number of lymphocytic foci and their lymphoid composition in MSGB were assessed using immunofluorescence staining. Major organ damage and improvements in the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) were measured. Statistical analyses, including Cox and linear regressions, were conducted.
A total of 78 patients with at least one lymphocytic focus were included in the study. The presence of higher T-cell counts in lymphocytic foci in MSGB was associated with severe disease flare, and a logarithmic transformation of T-cell count indicated increased risk (HR 1.96, 95% CI 0.91-4.21). Improvements in the ESSDAI were associated with higher total lymphocyte count and T- and B-cell numbers in the lymphoid composition of the lymphocytic foci. Seropositive patients exhibited higher T CD4+ cell numbers. Correlation analysis showed negative associations between age and lymphocytic foci and the T-cell count. Positive correlations were observed between antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers and total lymphocyte numbers.
Patients with a higher number of T cells in the lymphocytic infiltrates of lymphocytic foci may have a two-fold risk of severe disease flare. The number of B cells and T CD4+ cells in the lymphocytic infiltrates of lymphocytic foci showed a weak but positive relation with the ESSDAI improvement during follow-up. Age and seropositivity appeared to influence the lymphoid composition of the lymphocytic foci.
This study evaluated the oviposition preference and development of the parasitoid Chelonus insularis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on maize Zea mays ...and the teosinte Z. luxurians from Oaxaca, Mexico. For the oviposition preference test, an unmated and naïve C. insularis female, and egg masses of S. frugiperda that in the larval stage were fed on maize or teosinte were used. The experiment was repeated 52 times in paired treatments. For the development of C. insularis, 178 larvae of S. frugiperda were fed on maize and 159 larvae on teosinte. Chelonus insularis did not distinguish between eggs from hosts fed on maize or teosinte. The development of parasitoid on maize and teosinte was similar, except for the period of time from oviposition to adult emergence, with 24.24 and 26.51 d, respectively. Parasitism of S. frugiperda eggs was greater than 77%. Larval survival rate was greater than 93% and pupal rate greater than 74%. The emergence of healthy adults varied between 76 and 91% and the sex ratio was biased to males.
The aim of this research is to better understand the consumer satisfaction process within the framework of a sporting event. The literature reveals two different ways of introducing affect into the ...cognitive satisfaction model: as a mediator or as an independent factor. Empirical analysis of these rival models supports the second conceptualization. The study of the relationships among the constructs of the final hypothesized model shows that the key affective factor that determines satisfaction is “arousal”, as opposed to “pleasure”, which has a non-significant effect. The cognitive element is also important for determining satisfaction and future behavior intentions, and all of the antecedents are independent in the satisfaction process.
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