Additive Manufacturing technology can now speed up and improve the accuracy of the manufacturing process. Manufacturing products with 3D Metal printing gets simpler, quicker, and more precise. Recent ...studies showed that 3D metal printing with the type laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) could produce primary air fans (PAF) for industrial applications with a quality that can be compared with the existing model. LPBF manufacturing process showed errorless and had advantages compared with the traditional process, allowing the development of precise 3D shapes and sizes. The penetration tests with visual inspection revealed that the 3D printed product has no surface defects. The surface roughness test showed that the specimen has a slightly more refined surface than the original product. The chemical test showed that 3D metal printing materials resemble original model materials, with Aluminium 89.6% wt. and Silicon 9.57% wt., while other elements are less than 1%. The average hardness of 3D material metal printing is 91.6 HV, while the original model material is 106.03 HV. Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) tests indicate that the oxide that forms is Al2O3.
The technology development of electrochemical energy storage devices including lithium-ion battery is urgently needed to support the increased demand for renewable energy and production growth of ...portable electronic devices. Extensive research on nanostructural engineering aims to improve battery performance in terms of capacity, energy density, cycling ability, and Coulombic efficiency. This review describes the concept of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and focuses on ALD for Li-ion battery. Within the last few years, interest in the nanostructured materials synthesized by ALD to enhance battery performance has rapidly improved. Given the urgent requirement for reliable materials for high battery performance, ALD is a robust method for developing and fabricating nanostructure materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries, especially in the design of anode and cathode electrodes of the batteries.
In this study, the corrosion resistance of uncoated and coated Ferro Nickel-based superalloy (Fe-Ni) strengthened by the precipitation of the ordered fcc y’ Ni3(Al, Ti) was evaluated by cyclic hot ...corrosion testing. Fe-Ni was coated with Cr3C2-20NiCr and NiCrAlY by high-velocity oxy-fuel thermal spray coating and then tested with a mixture solution of 75 wt.% Na2SO4 + 25 wt.% NaCl at 900 °C for 50 cycles. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed to investigate the corrosion products and mechanisms. The kinetics of corrosion was evaluated by measuring the mass changes. The experimental results show that the uncoated superalloy with precipitation strengthened in the substrate suffered by spallation and sputtering of the oxide scale. The presence of Cr3C2-20NiCr and NiCrAlY coating layers could significantly improve the hot corrosion resistance with the NiCrAlY layer showing a better protection performance than Cr3C2-20NiCr. A precipitation-strengthened Fe-Ni superalloy with NiCrAlY coating reduced the overall weight gain, which could be attributed to the formation of protective oxide of chromium, nickel, aluminum, and their spinel. The lower corrosion performance of the superalloy coated with Cr3C2-20NiCr layer was due to the presence of chlorine element, which increased the corrosion attack through chlorination.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have been widely used to improve biocompatibility of metal alloys. This paper discusses the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA/alumina coated NiTi on their corrosion ...and dissolution behavior in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) and Ringer’s lactate solutions. The HA was synthesized from biogenic method and used as initial powder in High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spray technique for the deposition of two coating types, fully HA and HA + 15 wt.% alumina composite coating. The as-synthesized HA had irregular porous structure with relatively low Ca/P ratio of 1.52. Tafel polarization curves obtained from electrochemical test had showed that both coatings increased the corrosion resistance of the NiTi substrates significantly. The ICP-MS analysis results that indicated a low nickel dissolved in both solutions after immersion in 21 days had supported these findings. The nickel levels in the solutions from all samples, either bared substrate or coated samples, in fact below the maximum limit for allergies of the human body. Immersion testing showed the stability of HA and HA/alumina layers as a barrier which maintains its morphology in PBS solution but slightly changed in Ringers.
With the goals of protecting boiler tubes from hostile surroundings, increasing thermal efficiency, and minimizing time losses from damage, thermal-spray coating methods for high-temperature ...operations were created. Ceramic-metal composite materials (e.g., Cr3C2-NiCr) are well known for protecting components from erosion decay in a high-temperature environment. In this investigation, the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal-spray technique was employed to successfully deposit several variations of feedstocks containing Cr3C2-NiCr and NiCr powders onto a medium-carbon steel substrate, with and without filtering through a 400-mesh screen. Utilizing X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the microstructure features of the deposited coatings were assessed. The experiment results demonstrate that the crystallite and grain sizes of the deposited coatings can be increased by reducing the powder size through a sifting process using a 400-mesh sieve. This procedure also resulted in a coating with a higher density and lower porosity. Furthermore, new compounds including Cr2O3 and MnCr2O4 were formed in the coating layers as indicated by the XRD spectra. These phenomena are in good agreement with the EDS mapping of Cr and O, which reveals highly similar distributions. Manganese was originally a part of the substrate composition. Manganese could diffuse rapidly across the Cr2O3 layer and form the MnCr2O4 compound, indicating the manganese diffusion from the substrate into the Cr3C2-NiCr coating. The formation of MnCr2O4 can be attributed to the prior emergence of the Cr2O3 compound.
•The direction channel of electron and Li+ ion transport can be engineered using two-dimensional (2D) materials structures.•The short Li diffusion channel and the large number of adsorption sites ...make 2D materials ideal for quick charge methods.•With 2D materials, it is possible to create LiBs with good coulombic efficiency, lifetime for cycles, and capacity.
One type of nanostructured material that is increasingly being considered will be crucial in the endeavor to produce batteries made of lithium-ion that function excellently is two-dimensional material. In terms of 2D nanomaterial characteristics, characterizations, and applications for lithium-ion batteries, this paper discusses some recent advancements in two-dimensional materials. This review's main objective is to highlight recent developments in using these two-dimensional materials to create lithium-ion batteries that are more advanced in relation to long-life cycle stability, high energy density, and high-rate ability. The emphasized is related to the crucial role of 2D materials in the engineering of electron and Li+ ion direction pathways. It has been demonstrated that 2D nanosheet-based nanostructure electrode materials may produce lithium-ion batteries with great performance.
In this review, the discussion emphasized on the growth mechanisms of atomic layer deposition which consists of a theoretical model and experimentally growth as well as the measurement testing as ...evidences. The deposition process description with some testing evidences can be used to facilitate in the effort to understand the basic concept of ALD growth mechanisms. Some metal oxides like Al2O3, HfO2, and TiO2 with these employed precursors are typically used for the detailed illustration during the reaction steps. Although the surface chemistry of ALD process has been well understood, systematic description which combine a theoretical and experimentally growth mechanism is still missing. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of ALD growth mechanisms and surface chemistry which eventually able to contribute on the thin film growth processing.
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In the 19th and early 20th century, the utilization and development of the undershot waterwheel (USWW) was massif. USWW represents a global warming and crisis electricity solution ...issue for the world. However, the best condition and design of USWW are still incomplete; previous research is based on assumptions. Hence, this work aims to theoretically estimate the power loss (head loss, leakage loss, and friction loss) occurring in USWW to predict the relation between the blade number and optimum operation. The investigation employs analytical and CFD methods, then validated with experimental data. Then, based on root mean square error (RMSE) analysis, the average RMSE of analytical results to experimental data was 9.02%, and of CFD data was 9.07%. Then, depict the blade number and optimum operation relation to USWW performance expressing using multiple quadratic polynomial regression. The empirical law identifies the 16-blades, and the working operation of 0.5 is USWW maximum performance in ultra-low-head.
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