Most of our current knowledge of melanoma is derived from the study of patients from populations of European descent, for whom public health, sun protection initiatives and screening measures have ...appreciably decreased disease mortality. Notably, some melanoma subtypes that most commonly develop in other populations are not associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, suggesting a different disease aetiology. Further study of these subtypes is necessary to understand their risk factors and genomic architecture, and to tailor therapies and public health campaigns to benefit patients of all ethnic groups.
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Garcia-Ortega, Dorian Yarih; Martín-Tellez, Karla Susana; Cuellar-Hubbe, Mario ...
Cancers,
07/2020, Letnik:
12, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Desmoid tumors represent a rare entity of monoclonal origin characterized by locally aggressive behavior and inability to metastasize. Most cases present in a sporadic pattern and are characterized ...by a mutation in the CTNNB1 gene; while 5–15% show a hereditary pattern associated with APC gene mutation, both resulting in abnormal β-catenin accumulation within the cell. The most common sites of presentation are the extremities and the thoracic wall, whereas FAP associated cases present intra-abdominally or in the abdominal wall. Histopathological diagnosis is mandatory, and evaluation is guided with imaging studies ranging from ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance. Current approaches advocate for an initial active surveillance period due to the stabilization and even regression capacity of desmoid tumors. For progressive, symptomatic, or disabling cases, systemic treatment, radiotherapy or surgery may be used. This is a narrative review of this uncommon disease; we present current knowledge about molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.
Introduction:
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is an aggressive variant of melanoma; the incidence, prevalence, and prognosis differ among populations. We analyzed clinicopathological features and ...survival in Hispanics, a population with high ALM prevalence.
Material and Methods:
From 1144 patients with melanoma, we analyzed 715 ALMs and 429 non-ALMs from the National Referral Cancer Centre and compared survival.
Results:
Of the ALM group, 62.8% were female; the median age was 58 years. The mean Breslow thickness was 3.56 ± 7.16 mm. ALM patients showed an estimated 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) of 53.3%, 52.7%, and 40.8% for stage I, II, and III, respectively. For non-ALM patients, the DSS rates were 66%, 60.8%, and 48.4% for stage I, II, and III disease, respectively. Overall, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year DSS rates for patients with ALM were 85.1%, 59.4%, and 46.3%, respectively; for non-ALM patients, they were 81.3%, 64.8%, and 55.7%, respectively (P = .168). In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with decreased DSS were high Breslow thickness, recurrence, ulceration, male sex, and advanced stage.
Conclusions:
The 1-, 3-, and 5-year DSS rates of patients with ALM were not statistically different from those of non-ALM patients. In addition to known adverse prognostic factors, male sex was also associated with worse survival.
There is limited information regarding the use of the geriatric assessment (GA) for older adults with cancer in developing countries. We aimed to describe geriatric oncology practice among Mexican ...oncology professionals and to identify barriers and facilitators for the implementation of GA into the routine care of older adults with cancer in Mexico.
We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study. We administered an online survey to cancer specialists in Mexico about the routine use of GA and barriers for its use. We then conducted online semistructured interviews with survey respondents selected by their use of GA, expanding on barriers and facilitators for performing GA. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed for quantitative data; qualitative data were analyzed inductively through thematic analysis. We developed joint displays to integrate quantitative/qualitative results.
We obtained 196 survey responses: 37 physicians (18.9%) reported routinely performing a GA. Medical oncologists (
= .002) and physicians seeing ≤ 10 patients/day (
= .010) were more likely to use GA. The most frequent barriers for GA use were lack of qualified personnel (49%), limited knowledge (43.9%), and insufficient time (37.2%). In the interviews (n = 22), the limited availability of geriatricians was commonly mentioned. Respondents highlighted the lack of geriatric oncology knowledge among cancer specialists and geriatricians. Saturation of oncology services and a lack of effective referral pathways for GA were also common issues. Facilitators included availability of geriatricians, system/administrative facilitators, presence of a multidisciplinary team, and availability of geriatric oncology education.
The routine use of geriatric oncology principles in Mexico is limited by the availability of qualified personnel and by insufficient knowledge. An educational intervention could improve the implementation of GA in cancer care.
Background
The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic features of melanoma in México as the demographics of melanoma are not well known in Mexican and Latin American people.
Materials ...and Methods
A total of 1219 patients with cutaneous melanoma were analyzed through a retrospective database collected from a cancer referral institute, and the results were compared with developed countries.
Results
Median age was 57 years, and 713 (58.5 %) were females. The most common melanoma subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), which was observed in 538 (44.1 %) patients. Median Breslow thickness was 5.2 mm. Among 837 patients with complete data, the 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 52.3 %. Factors associated with worse DSS on univariate analysis were Breslow thickness (
p
< 0.001), recurrence (
p
< 0.001), ulceration (
p
< 0.001), positive margin (
p
< 0.001), ALM (
p
= 0.001), and male sex (
p
= 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated Breslow thickness hazard ratio (HR) 1.45, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.27–1.65;
p
< 0.001, positive margin (HR 1.25, 95 % CI 1.03–1.57;
p
= 0.018), recurrence (HR 9.56, 95 % CI 6.89–9.87;
p
= 0.002), ALM (HR 8.07, 95 % CI 6.77–8.95;
p
= 0.004), and male sex (HR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.06–1.68;
p
= 0.013) as independent risk factors for DSS.
Conclusion
Our patients had worse prognosis compared with data from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We found male sex and ALM as independent risk factors for worse survival, in addition to known risk factors.
Background: It is widely accepted that histological diagnosis of parathyroid tumors is established with great difficulty. Carcinomas cannot be reliably separated from adenomas by histology alone. In ...this study, immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 was determined in 10 cases of parathyroid carcinomas, labeling indices (LIs) were calculated, and the results were correlated with the clinical outcomes. Methods: Ten cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue with surgically resected parathyroid carcinoma were used. Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and Ki-67 was performed and the LIs were calculated. We also examined whether LI could become a useful marker for parathyroid carcinomas. Results: Although nine patients with minimally invasive growth without recurrence of the tumor showed a low LI for both markers, one patient with a widely invasive neoplasm, and who died, had a high LI. Conclusions: These results suggested that the LI of PCNA and Ki-67, in addition to the histological appearance, may be markers of the biological behavior of parathyroid carcinomas. However, this study was on a small scale, so it may be valuable to repeat these studies in a larger group of patients with better defined histological criteria.
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