Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to search for scientific evidence regarding the factors associated with traumatic dental injury (TDI) in the primary dentition.
...Methodology
An electronic search addressing factors associated with TDI was conducted in the PubMed, ISI, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Data were extracted and analyzed regarding risk factors, statistical test, effect measures, and study design.
Results
The online search strategy led to the initial retrieval of 2566 articles. After evaluating the titles and s, 24 papers were selected for complete review and data collection. TDI was associated with males (OR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.09–1.41), inadequate lip coverage (OR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.50–2.17), overbite (OR: 1.438; 95%CI: 0.94–2.19), and age (1 vs 2 years – OR: 0.47; 95%CI: 0.38–0.58; 2 vs 3 years – OR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.67–0.91; 3 vs 4 years – OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.71–0.95). Overjet and anterior open bite were associated with TDI in the majority of studies.
Conclusions
Males, older children, and those with inadequate lip coverage, overbite, or overjet are more likely to have TDI in the primary dentition.
A wide range of studies in plant biology are performed using hydroponic cultures. In this work, an in vitro hydroponic growth system designed for assessing plant responses to chemicals and other ...substances of interest is presented. This system is highly efficient in obtaining homogeneous and healthy seedlings of the C3 and C4 model species Arabidopsis thaliana and Setaria viridis, respectively. The sterile cultivation avoids algae and microorganism contamination, which are known limiting factors for plant normal growth and development in hydroponics. In addition, this system is scalable, enabling the harvest of plant material on a large scale with minor mechanical damage, as well as the harvest of individual parts of a plant if desired. A detailed protocol demonstrating that this system has an easy and low-cost assembly, as it uses pipette racks as the main platform for growing plants, is provided. The feasibility of this system was validated using Arabidopsis seedlings to assess the effect of the drug AZD-8055, a chemical inhibitor of the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase. TOR inhibition was efficiently detected as early as 30 min after an AZD-8055 treatment in roots and shoots. Furthermore, AZD-8055-treated plants displayed the expected starch-excess phenotype. We proposed this hydroponic system as an ideal method for plant researchers aiming to monitor the action of plant inducers or inhibitors, as well as to assess metabolic fluxes using isotope-labeling compounds which, in general, requires the use of expensive reagents.
This study aimed to evaluate lung overinflation at different airway inspiratory pressure levels using computed tomography in cats undergoing general anesthesia.
Prospective laboratory study.
A group ...of 17 healthy male cats, aged 1.9-4.5 years and weighing 3.5 ± 0.5 kg.
Seventeen adult male cats were ventilated in pressure-controlled mode with airway pressure stepwise increased from 5 to 15 cmH
O in 2 cmH
O steps every 5 min and then stepwise decreased. The respiratory rate was set at 15 movements per min and end-expiratory pressure at zero (ZEEP). After 5 min in each inspiratory pressure step, a 4 s inspiratory pause was performed to obtain a thoracic juxta-diaphragmatic single slice helical CT image and to collect respiratory mechanics data and an arterial blood sample. Lung parenchyma aeration was defined as overinflated, normally-aerated, poorly-aerated, and non-aerated according to the CT attenuation number (-1,000 to -900 HU, -900 to -500 HU, -500 to -100 HU, and -100 to +100 HU, respectively).
At 5 cmH
O airway pressure, tidal volume was 6.7± 2.2 ml kg
, 2.1% (0.3-6.3%) of the pulmonary parenchyma was overinflated and 84.9% (77.6%-87.6%) was normally inflated. Increases in airway pressure were associated with progressive distention of the lung parenchyma. At 15 cmH
O airway pressure, tidal volume increased to 31.5± 9.9 ml kg
(
< 0.001), overinflated pulmonary parenchyma increased to 28.4% (21.2-30.6%) (
< 0.001), while normally inflated parenchyma decreased 57.9% (53.4-62.8%) (
< 0.001). Tidal volume and overinflated lung fraction returned to baseline when airway pressure was decreased. A progressive decrease was observed in arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO
) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO
) when the airway pressures were increased above 9 cmH
O (
< 0.001). The increase in airway pressure promoted an elevation in pH (
< 0.001).
Ventilation with 5 and 7 cmH
O of airway pressure prevents overinflation in healthy cats with highly compliant chest walls, despite presenting acidemia by respiratory acidosis. This fact can be controlled by increasing or decreasing respiratory rate and inspiratory time.
A large outbreak of botulism in feedlot steers fed corn silage contaminated with Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type C (BoNT/C) is reported occurring in Midwestern Brazil in August 2017. The onset ...of the outbreak occurred 15 days after 1700 steers started to be fed the contaminated corn silage. Affected steers were alert and afebrile with varying degrees of flaccid paralysis in various muscle groups. A total of 1100 steers were affected, 1090 of which died within four days. Ten steers recovered after treatment with antitoxin. No gross or microscopic lesions were found in affected steers. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data, characteristic clinical signs, and positive mouse bioassay results. This outbreak is interesting due to the high number of fatally affected cattle and the on-site diagnostic approach. This case report demonstrates the difficulties in diagnosing and treating botulism in cattle.
•1700 steers in a feedlot underwent a catastrophic botulism outbreak when fed contaminated feed with C-type botulin toxin.•1090 steers died within four days of the onset of the outbreak, with a 64.7% mortality rate and 99.1% lethality rate.•The diagnosis was made by epidemiology, clinical signs, detection of toxin, and by reproducing the disease in one sheep.•Vulnerability to the steers to the BoNT/C was attributed to improper vaccination.•Some of the affected steers were successfully treated with specific antitoxin.
Metabolomics is a valuable approach used to acquire comprehensive information about the set of metabolites in a cell or tissue, enabling a functional screen of the cellular activities in biological ...systems. Although metabolomics provides a more immediate and dynamic picture of phenotypes in comparison to the other omics, it is also the most complicated to measure because no single analytical technology can capture the extraordinary complexity of metabolite diversity in terms of structure and physical properties. Metabolomics has been extensively employed for a wide range of applications in plant science, which will be described in detail in this chapter. Among them, metabolomics is used for discriminating patterns of plant responses to genetic and environmental perturbations, as diagnostics and prediction tool to elucidate the function of genes for important and complex agronomic traits in crop species, and flux measurements are used to dissect the structure and regulatory properties of metabolic networks.
•Microwave heating as an effective alternative for conventional pasteurization.•Microwave heating provided higher bioactive compounds content.•Microwave heating provided higher antidiabetic and ...anti-hypertensive properties.•Lower temperatures and higher process times provided higher bioactive compounds.•Microwave heating-treated beverages more similar to the untreated beverage.
The effect of microwave heating (MH, 65 and 75 °C for 15, 30, and 60 s) on the bioactive compounds, fatty acid profile, and volatile compounds of orange juice-milk beverage (OJMB) was evaluated during 28 days of refrigerated (4 °C) storage. Conventionally pasteurized (75 °C/15 s) and untreated beverages were used as controls. MH-OJMB presented a lower browning index and higher levels of ascorbic acid, total phenolics, and carotenoids, higher antioxidant activity, and greater α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE inhibitory activity than the pasteurized product, similar to the untreated beverage. No significant differences were observed in the volatile organic compounds and fatty acids levels. Lower temperatures (65 °C) and longer process times (60 s) resulted in higher retention of bioactive compounds. MH can be an alternative to conventional pasteurization for OJMB processing.
The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast feeding for at least six months. However, there is no scientific evidence of the benefits of breast feeding for oral health in children under ...primary dentition. This study aimed to search for scientific evidence regarding the following question: is bottle feeding associated with malocclusion in the primary dentition compared to children that are breastfed? An electronic search was performed in seven databases. The systematic review included 10 cohort studies. It was not possible to conduct meta-analysis; therefore a qualitative analysis was assessed. The majority of studies evaluated feeding habits by means of questionnaires and conducted a single examination. Three studies observed that bottle feeding was significantly associated with overjet and posterior crossbite. Studies reported several cut-off times for breastfeeding (varying from 1 month up to 3 years of age) and several types of malocclusion. Controlling for non-nutritive sucking habits was reported for only half of the studies and this may have led to biased results. The scientific evidence could not confirm a specific type of malocclusion associated with the feeding habits or an adequate time of breastfeeding to benefit the children against malocclusion. Further cohort studies are needed to confirm this evidence.
Pulmonary atelectasis is a commonly occurs during anesthesia. In these cases, mechanical ventilation (MV) associated with alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARMs) and positive end-expiratory pressure ...(PEEP) is indicated to reverse the condition, ensure adequate gas exchange and improve oxygenation. ARMs can trigger volutrauma, barotrauma, and atelectrauma. Therefore, computed tomography (CT) is the gold-standard method for monitoring lung aeration after ARM.
To evaluate lung volume distribution after stepwise ARMs using computed tomography (CT).
Twelve dogs weighing 24.0 ± 6.0 kg, aged 3 ± 1 years, of both sexes and different breeds, underwent orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy. The animals were anesthetized and ventilated in volume-controlled mode. ARMs were then initiated by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration (5, 10, 15, and 20 cmH
O). CT scans, cardiovascular parameters, and ventilatory mechanics were evaluated at all time points. Data were assessed for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and a two-way analysis of variance, followed by a
Bonferroni test to identify differences between time points. Statistical significance was attributed to a value of
of <0.05.
CT demonstrated that the ARMs increased ventilation throughout the lung, including the dependent regions, with volumes that increased and decreased proportionally with PEEP titration. When they reached PEEP 10 and 5 cmH
O descending (d), they remained significantly higher than those in PEEP 0 cmH
O (baseline). Static compliance improved about 40% at PEEP 10d and PEEP 5d compared to baseline. There was an increase in heart rate (HR) from PEEP 15 increasing (i) (74.5%) to PEEP 10d (54.8%) compared to baseline. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) decreased approximately 9% from PEEP 15i to PEEP 15d compared to baseline.
Lung attenuation and regional and global volumes assessed by CT showed that maximum pulmonary aeration distribution followed by PEEP titration occurred at PEEP 20 cmH
O, maintaining the lungs normoaerated and without hyperaeration.
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•Popsicle was manufactured with cheese whey and concentrated watermelon juice.•Three different temperatures were tested in the range 45–65 °C.•Concentration temperature decreased the ...contents of lycopene and citrulline.•The concentration of watermelon juice at 65 °C had a positive effect on the antioxidant capacity.
The effects of the concentration of watermelon juice at different temperatures (45, 55, or 65 °C) on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of whey-based popsicles were investigated. Total phenolic content, lycopene, citrulline, VOCs, melting rate, instrumental colour, antioxidant capacity, and the sensory characteristics (hedonic test and free listing) were determined. The temperature led to a significant decrease in bioactive compounds (total phenolics, lycopene, and citrulline). The popsicle manufactured with reconstituted watermelon juice concentrated to 60 °Brix at 65 °C presented higher antioxidant capacity and was characterized by the presence of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones and presented a similar acceptance to the untreated popsicle (except for flavour). It is possible to combine whey and concentrated watermelon juice for the manufacture of bioactive-rich popsicles, using the concentration temperature of 65 °C as a suitable processing condition for potential industrial applications.
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