Institutional theorists focus on practices that spread because they conform with and build on established cultural assumptions and resources. Novel practices, however, not only fail to conform to, ...but also challenge the dominant institutional order. We seek to understand the process by which novel practices move from entrepreneurial anomaly to consecrated exemplar within a field. We contrast Unity Temple by Frank Lloyd Wright—a building that challenged the accepted practices of ecclesiastical design in the architectural profession—with the most prominent churches during the same period. We find two distinct legitimation processes—institutional evangelism where creators express their identity and generate novel practices versus adaptive emulation where adopters focus on prestigious others and emulate their established practices. We reveal that actors engaged in institutional evangelism and adaptive emulation, employing institutional work and leveraging ideas, materials and identities to effect, transform, and maintain institutions. Our comparative cases show the key role of materiality, particularly collective identity markers, in institutional work and institutional processes.
The onset of thermal convection in a uniformly rotating and horizontally isotropic bi-disperse porous medium, taking into account the Vadasz term, is investigated. Via linear instability analysis, it ...has been proved that the Vadasz term allows the onset of convection via an oscillatory state but does not affect convection via a stationary motion.
•A model describing the evolutionary behaviour of the thermal conduction solution in a rotating horizontal layer of anisotropic bi-disperse porous medium, taking into account the Vadasz term, is analysed.•It has been proved that rotation delays the onset of thermal convection.•Linear instability analysis and numerical simulations indicate that the Vadasz number does not affect the onset of stationary convection and has a destabilizing effect on the onset of oscillatory convection.•Numerical simulations show that when the anisotropic micropermeability parameter is much greater than the anisotropic macropermeability parameter, oscillatory convection cannot occur.
The onset of thermal convection in anisotropic rotating bidisperse porous media is investigated. The optimal result concerning the coincidence between linear instability and nonlinear stability ...thresholds with respect the
L
2
-norm is obtained.
The application of varactor diodes as phase-shifting devices in reflectarrays has received considerable attention because it represents a low-cost and low-complexity solution for the creation of ...scanning antennas with continuous phase tuning. The main issues related to the design of varactor-loaded reflectarrays are the difficulty in the correct characterization of the unit cell, and the limited phase range achievable by changing the polarization voltage of the device. The contribution presented in this communication attempts to cover both these aspects. In particular, a simple model for the analysis of a varactor-loaded microstrip reflectarray cell is presented, and then employed to increase the patch's phase response to 360 ° . The result is then validated experimentally, with the results showing good agreement between simulated and measured data.
Summary
Background
Studies have reported that children who are obese are becoming more severely obese.
Objective
We aimed to classify obese children based on age‐ and gender‐specific centile curves ...passing through body mass index (BMI) 30, 35 and 40 at age 18 as ‘class I’, ‘class II’ or severe, and ‘class III’ or morbid obesity.
Methods
In addition to the International Obesity Task Force BMI cut‐offs corresponding to BMI 30 and 35, we calculated the BMI cut‐offs corresponding to BMI 40 using the LMS method proposed by Cole and Lobstein. We classified 217 obese children according to these criteria.
Results
Fifty‐six (25.8%) children had class III obesity, 73 (33.6%) class II obesity and 88 (40.6%) class I obesity. Class III obese children had a higher waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and fasting insulinaemia compared with less obese children.
Conclusion
It is clinically important to classify obese children in different classes of obesity severity.
Homeotherms maintain a stable internal body temperature despite changing environments. During energy deficiency, some species can cease to defend their body temperature and enter a hypothermic and ...hypometabolic state known as torpor. Recent advances have revealed the medial preoptic area (MPA) as a key site for the regulation of torpor in mice. The MPA is estrogen-sensitive and estrogens also have potent effects on both temperature and metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that estrogen-sensitive neurons in the MPA can coordinate hypothermia and hypometabolism in mice. Selectively activating estrogen-sensitive MPA neurons was sufficient to drive a coordinated depression of metabolic rate and body temperature similar to torpor, as measured by body temperature, physical activity, indirect calorimetry, heart rate, and brain activity. Inducing torpor with a prolonged fast revealed larger and more variable calcium transients from estrogen-sensitive MPA neurons during bouts of hypothermia. Finally, whereas selective ablation of estrogen-sensitive MPA neurons demonstrated that these neurons are required for the full expression of fasting-induced torpor in both female and male mice, their effects on thermoregulation and torpor bout initiation exhibit differences across sex. Together, these findings suggest a role for estrogen-sensitive MPA neurons in directing the thermoregulatory and metabolic responses to energy deficiency.
ABSTRACT
The Hera mission will arrive at the Didymos system to study the efficiency of momentum transfer and to further investigate the binary system in great detail after the Double Asteroid ...Redirection Test (DART) mission impact. We took advantage of two online data bases of meteorites spectra and of recent Didymos spectra taken before and after the DART impact. We performed the first selection based on the comparison of the band centre values of the silicate absorption bands (localized at 1 and 2 μm) between Didymos and the meteorites. The second selection was made defining a four-dimensional space parameter whose dimensions were the band depth and the slope of the two bands, normalized to Didymos values. We introduced a distance measure to find the closest meteorites to Didymos in this space. Finally, we made the last selection based on other criteria, such as the presence of different spectra of the same meteorite, the presence of different spectra from different data bases, and the comparison with the literature. The result of this work is a list of six meteorites that are the most analogous to Didymos system. We also found out that Didymos is most probably mainly composed of L/LL ordinary chondrites, with a preference for the LL sub-type. From our list of meteorites, we were able to estimate the normalized abundance of olivine and pyroxene of Didymos. Finally, a match between Didymos and OC meteorites was also found in the Mid-InfraRed (MIR) range.
•A decentralized control strategy for DG based on Neural Networks is presented.•The innovative control strategy is capable to maximize active power production by DG.•The proposed strategy presents a ...unified controller for inverter connected DG plants.•The control actions do not require massive communication infrastructures.•The controller immunity from unforeseen operation variations has been proved.
The continuous increasing penetration of Distributed Generation systems (DGs) into Distribution Networks (DNs) puts in evidence the necessity to develop innovative control strategies capable to maximize DGs active power production. This paper focuses the attention upon this problem, developing an innovative decentralized voltage control approach aimed to allow DGs active power production maximization and to avoid DGs disconnection due to voltage limit infringements as much as possible. In particular, the work presents a local reactive/active power management control strategy based on Neural Networks (NNs), able to regulate voltage profiles at buses where DGs are connected, taking into account their capability curve constraints. The Neural Network controller is based on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm incorporated in the back-propagation learning algorithm used to train the NN. Simulations run on a real Medium Voltage (MV) Italian radial DN have been carried out to validate the proposed approach. The results prove the advantages that the flexibility of the proposed control strategy can have on voltage control performances, generation hosting capacity of the network and energy losses reduction.
A spatial domain formulation of an indirect holographic technique, useful for antenna near‐field phase retrieval, is presented in this paper. The proposed approach is based on the adoption of three ...synthetic reference signals, giving three sets of amplitude‐only near‐field data. These are directly processed in the spatial domain to accurately retrieve the near‐field phase, from which the antenna radiation features can be subsequently computed. Despite the standard indirect holographic approach, no data processing is required in the spectral (Fourier transform) domain, thus completely avoiding the problem of spectrum overlapping which limits the accuracy of standard method. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by a numerical test on a linear dipole array, as well as by experimental results on a ridged‐horn antenna.
Key Points
A new formulation of the indirect holographic technique, fully working in the spatial domain, is presented
The operation in the spatial domain avoids disadvantages of standard method, due to spectrum overlapping, thus avoiding data oversampling
The new method maintains all advantages of standard approach in terms of low cost and simplicity of architecture
PDF
