V članku je obravnavana zgodnja slovenščina, tj. južnoslovanski jezik v vzhodnoalpskem in zahodnopanonskem prostoru, ki se je v 11. in 12. stoletju razprostiral od Donave na severu do Jadrana na ...jugu in roba Panonske nižine na vzhodu. Prikazan je zemljepisni obseg slovanskega jezikovnega prostora v Vzhodnih Alpah, kakor se kaže predvsem v pisnih virih od konca 6. do vključno 12. stoletja. Na osnovi jezikoslovne analize v virih dokumentiranih zemljepisnih in osebnih imen so določene jezikovne lastnosti zgodnje slovenščine, in sicer v prvi vrsti v razmerju do tedaj zemljepisno stičnih slovanskih geolektov na severu (poznejši češčina in slovaščina) in jugu (poznejša čakavščina).
V članku so obravnavani slovanskí števniki od 1 do 10 v pred kratkim odkritem latinskem rokopisu iz Heiligenkreuza iz 12. stoletja (Cod. 250), ki sta jih prva objavila in interpretirala Tadeusz ...Lewaszkiewicz in Wiesław Wydra (2021). Preko natančne zgodovinskoglasoslovne analize števnikov, katerih zapis je bil najprej interpretiran grafično in glasoslovno, je vzpostavljena osnova za genealoško jezikoslovno določitev slovanskega jezika, v katerem so bili zapisani. Ta je postavljen v kontekst tedanjega slovanskega jezika v vzhodnoalpsko-zahodnopanonskem prostoru ter le-temu zemljepisno stičnih slovanskih geolektov severno in južno od tega.
Lo sloveno Sekli, Matej
Linguistik online,
06/2024, Letnik:
130, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article offers an overview of Slovene in the region Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Friulian: Friûl-Vignesie Julie, Slovene: Furlanija – Julijska krajina, German: Friaul-Julisch Venetien) in the ...north-easternmost part of Italy, where Slovene is present in its historical linguistic setting alongside the Italian-Slovene national border. In fact, the presence of the Slavic linguistic element which eventually developed into Slovene in that territory dates back to the period of the settlement of Slavic populations in that area in the second half of the 6th century AD. From the viewpoint of linguistic genealogy, Slovene dialects in Friuli-Venezia Giulia unambiguously form part of the Slovene dialect continuum. From a sociolinguistic point of view, Slovene was officially recognised as a minority language by the Italian Republic by the language protection act for the historical linguistic minorities in Italy in 1999. However, the actual level of legal protection and the “health” of Slovene in the Italian minority context differs from region to region. The actual state of affairs depends predominantly on the availability of public education in Slovene and, consequently, its official use in formal contexts. In the Provinces of Trieste/Trst and Gorizia/Gorica, where Slovene is used as the teaching language in Slovene monolingual education up to the university level (i.e. 13 years of education from 1946), intergenerational transmission of Slovene as the mother tongue can be observed, with a balanced use of different linguistic varieties: the use of dialect or other substandard varieties in informal contexts and Standard Slovene (alongside Italian) in formal contexts. On the contrary, in the Province of Udine/Videm, the situation is significantly more complex. In those regions where at least elementary Italian-Slovene bilingual education also exists in Standard Slovene, it is the local Slovene dialects as well as Standard Slovene that are used in public. This is the case of the Natisone/Nadiža Valleys, where starting in 1984 a five-year bilingual schooling system was implemented, extended to eight years in 2008. In stark contrast to that, the Torre/Ter Valleys and the Resia/Rezija Valley, where Standard Slovene is absent from the educational system, witness very limited public representation of local Slovene dialects and/or Standard Slovene, which is more or less characterised by occasional use. The last part of the contribution provides a case study illustrating in more detail the role of Slovene in the Val Canale (Slovene: Kanalska dolina, German: Kanaltal, Friulian: Val Cjanâl).
The contribution aims to illustrate the framework of genealogical linguistic classification of Slavic/Slavonic languages and their dialect macro-areas as mirrored in the standard comprehensive ...surveys presenting geographical linguistic variation of Slavic. First, the theory and the methodology of the three main branches of linguistic science are presented, viz. genealogical (or genetic) linguistics, typological linguistics, and sociolinguistics, as well as the genealogical and the sociolinguistic classification of the Slavic languages. Second, the linguistic criteria of linguistic genealogy are discussed, whereby the extra-linguistic factors current in some other classifications are critically assessed using the examples from Slavic. Finally, a few case studies in the genealogical linguistic interpretation of Slavic are adduced, namely the dialectal delimitation of Eastern South Slavic (i.e. Macedonian vs. Bulgarian), Central South Slavic as a linguistic area, East Slavic languages, Kashubian in relation to Polish, and Sorbian in the context of West Slavic .
The article presents various hypotheses on the origin of the language of the so-called Freising Fragments (Slovene Brižinski/Freisinški spomeniki, Latin Monumenta Frisingensia = MF), three Slavic ...texts written c. 972–1039, which are critically assessed from the viewpoint of the theory and methodology of historical linguistics. In fact, the arguments in favour of the various genealogical linguistic attributions of the Slavic language of these High Medieval manuscript texts are very heterogeneous, i.e. historical, palaeographic, textual, and historical linguistic. However, the genealogical linguistic or dialectological attribution of any linguistic system is possible only on the basis of historical linguistic analysis of the latter. In doing this, linguistic criteria are prioritized following a “bottom-up” principle, i.e. phonetics/phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary.
V prispevku so prikazane ter s stališča teorije in metodologije zgodovinskega jezikoslovja kritično ovrednotene različne hipoteze o izvoru jezika t. i. Brižinskih (tudi Freisinških) spomenikov, treh slovanskih besedil, zapisanih v obdobju 972–1039. Argumenti v podporo raznih genealoških jezikoslovnih opredelitev slovanskega jezika tega visokosrednjeveškega rokopisnega spomenika so namreč zelo raznorodni (zgodovinski, paleografski, tekstološki, zgodovinskojezikoslovni). Določitev genealoške pripadnosti, tj. narečne osnove, poljubnega jezikovnega sistema pa je možna samo na osnovi zgodovinskojezikoslovne analize jezikovnih lastnosti slednjega, in sicer si po principu »od spodaj navzgor« po relevantnosti sledijo glasoslovno, oblikoslovno, skladenjsko in besedoslovno merilo.
The article discusses the origin of the nominal forms ending in -ih iχ of the type medih ‘doctor’ and lampadarih ‘chandelier’ in dialectal Slovenian on the Slovenian-Friulian language boundary. ...Regarding their origin, these forms represent loanwords from Friulian, where they typically end in -i (cf. Friul. mièdi ‘doctor’, lampadàri ‘chandelier’), reflecting their original Romance pre-forms MEDICU(M) and LAMPADĀRIU(M). The contribution tries to account for the presence of the voiceless velar fricative h χ in both groups of borrowings, taking into consideration the linguistic history of both Friulian and Slovenian. While the voiceless velar fricative χ in the medih-type can most probably be explained by assuming a more archaic phonetic reflex of the original MEDICU(M) in Old Friulian, the origin of χ in the lampadarih-type seems to be the result of analogical processes in the linguistic history of Slovenian.
V članku so obravnavane nekatere glasovne lastnosti narečne slovenščine v srednjem veku, tj. v obdobju od 14. do srede 16. stoletja. Na osnovi zgodovinskojezikoslovne analize relevantnih glasovnih ...odrazov je določnena genealoška pripadnost, tj. narečna osnova jezika tistih slovenskih poznosrednjeveških rokopisnih spomenikov, ki izkazujejo diagnostične narečne glasovne lastnosti. Analizirani so Celovški ali Rateški rokopis (2. polovica 14. stoletja) in Starogorski rokopis (1492–1498), Stiški rokopis, besedili I–II (ok. 1428) in besedila III–V (ok. 1440), ter Kranjski rokopis (1. polovica 16. stoletja).
V članku so obravnavane nekatere glasovne lastnosti narečne slovenščine v poznosrednjeveških rokopisnih spomenikih iz obdobja od druge polovice 14. do srede 16. stoletja. Na osnovi ...zgodovinskojezikoslovne analize relevantnih glasovnih odrazov je določena genealoška pripadnost, tj. narečna osnova jezika tistih slovenskih poznosrednjeveških rokopisnih spomenikov, ki izkazujejo diagnostične narečne glasovne lastnosti. Analizirani so Celovški ali Rateški rokopis (druga polovica 14. stoletja) in Starogorski rokopis (1492-98), Stiški rokopis, besedili I-II (ok. 1428) in besedila III-V (ok. 1440), ter Kranjski rokopis (prva polovica 16. stoletja).1
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