Sensor elements play an important role in future manufacturing plants. This paper presents a solution for a foil thickness sensor for running production lines. Based on the elaborated Six-Port ...principle, a differential measuring concept is proposed and discussed. Furthermore, an end-fire antenna design for the addressed application is demonstrated and far-field measurement results are shown and compared to simulation. Finally, interference effects between two antennas are experimentally investigated as a function of the relative rotation between two oppositely placed devices.
Summary form only given, as follows. The efficiency is one of the most critical parameters in the design of RF power amplifiers. For linear power amplifiers the efficiency drops dramatically in the ...back-off region. An adaptive impedance matching network at the output of the transistor is presented and analyzed in this paper. The topology of the matching network enables a direct connection to the transistor. The matching network has been designed using the minimum mean square error method and realized on a BST thick film substrate.
Modern communication platforms require a huge amount of switched RF component banks especially made of different filters and antennas to cover all operating frequencies and bandwidth for the targeted ...services and application scenarios. In contrast, reconfigurable devices made of tunable components lead to a considerable reduction in complexity, size, weight, power consumption, and cost. This paper gives an overview of suitable technologies for tunable microwave components. Special attention is given to tunable components based on functional materials such as barium strontium titanate (BST) and liquid crystal (LC).
This paper presents a novel topology and method for the fabrication of tunable ferroelectric components based on inkjet printing for phased arrays applications at C/X-Band. This method enables low ...voltage biased tunable phase shifters by inkjet printing of tunable dielectric thick films. The loaded line tunable phase shifter is tuned by integrated metal-insulator-metal (MIM) varactors. The MIM varactors are fabricated by photo lithography and subsequently inkjet printing of barium-strontium-titanate striplines, enabling a simple and reliable process. In comparison to coplanar capacitors, such MIM varactors require significantly lower DC-voltage for tuning. A tunability of 32 % at 8.5 GHz is achieved by applying only 25 V across a 1.2 μm thick BST film and a tunability of 46 % by applying 50 V. The 11 unit cells loaded line tunable phase shifter achieves a figure of merit (FoM) above 40 °/dB across 7 to 8.5 GHz by applying maximum 50 V tuning voltage. The size of the phase shifter is 1×0.45 cm 2 .
This paper presents a novel topology and method for the fabrication of tunable ferroelectric components based on inkjet printing for phased arrays applications at C/X-Band. This method enables low ...voltage biased tunable phase shifters by inkjet printing of tunable dielectric thick films. The loaded line tunable phase shifter is tuned by integrated metal-insulator-metal (MIM) varactors. The MIM varactors are fabricated by photo lithography and subsequently inkjet printing of barium-strontium-titanate striplines, enabling a simple and reliable process. In comparison to coplanar capacitors, such MIM varactors require significantly lower DC-voltage for tuning. A tunability of 32 % at 8.5 GHz is achieved by applying only 25 V across a 1.2 μm thick BST film and a tunability of 46 % by applying 50 V. The 11 unit cells loaded line tunable phase shifter achieves a figure of merit (FoM) above 40 °/dB across 7 to 8.5 GHz by applying maximum 50 V tuning voltage. The size of the phase shifter is 1×0.45 cm2.
This paper presents a fully integrated high voltage charge pump which enables a reconfigurable, energy-efficient multi-band transceiver. Using a high voltage CMOS technology from Austriamicrosystems ...and a 4-phase charge-pump (DC/DC converter) circuit architecture, up to 120 V supply voltage can be generated from a 3.7 V DC battery using this monolithically integrated circuit. The very small footprint of this solution enables the integration of this multi-band transceiver in mobile devices, whereas the concept of reconfigurability can also be applied to fixed transceiver installations to optimize power efficiency.
Low cost planar ferroelectric thick film varactors based on Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) are realized and their nonlinear behavior with varying DC bias is investigated. A model for the capacitance ...tunability is utilized for nonlinear simulations and compared to measurements. The model based on static measurement of the varactor's capacity is extended by the results from measurements with pulsed tuning voltage. A memory effect in the capacitance tunability of the varactor is observed in measurements with pulsed bias voltage. The impact of this memory effect to the nonlinear properties is presented.
This paper presents a planar quasi Yagi-Uda antenna based on liquid crystal (LC) technology for millimeter-wave applications. The antenna is built on the inner surfaces of two parallel glass ...substrates, with thin layer of LC filled in the feed part. It is fed by a two-step coaxial-to-microstrip transition. The antenna achieves a measured bandwidth of 31 % with a VSWR < 2, better than 15 dB front-to-back ratio, better than -13 dB cross polarization and 9.0 dBi gain at 28 GHz. Measured scattering parameters, as well as far field patterns agree very well with the simulation results. The planar quasi Yagi-Uda antenna is compatible with existing planar reconfigurable feed network based on LC technology, complementary to the broadside radiating array.
In vitro studies with human liver microsomes have suggested that the oxidative conversion of mexiletine (MX) to its metabolites is catalyzed by CYP2D6 and is significantly impaired in microsomes with ...the CYP2D6*10/*10 genotype. Therefore, we examined the influence of the CYP2D6*10 allele on MX pharmacokinetics in Japanese subjects.
Subjects with CYP2D6*1/*1 (group *1/*1; n=5), CYP2D6*10/*10 (group *10/*10; n=6) and CYP2D6*5/*10 (group *5/*10; n=4) genotypes received a single 200-mg dose of MX. Plasma and urinary levels of MX and its metabolites ( p-hydroxymexiletine (PHM), hydroxymethylmexiletine (HMM) and N-hydroxymexiletine (NHM)) were determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography.
Mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and t(1/2) of MX were significantly ( P<0.05) higher in the CYP2D6*10/*5 group (AUC 11.23+/-3.05 micro g.h/ml; t(1/2) 15.5+/-3.2 h) than in the CYP2D6*1/*1 (AUC 5.53+/-1.01 micro g.h/ml; t(1/2) 8.1+/-1.6 h) and CYP2D6*10/*10 (AUC 7.32+/-2.36 micro g.h/ml; t(1/2) 10.8+/-2.8 h) groups, but there was no significant difference between the CYP2D6*1/*1 and CYP2D6*10/*10 groups. The maximum plasma concentration of MX was not significantly different among the three groups. The values of urinary excretion of PHM and HMM in the CYP2D6*1/*1 group were significantly ( P<0.05) higher than those in the CYP2D6*10/*10 and CYP2D6*5/*10 groups, but there was no significant difference in that of NHM among the three groups. Clearance of MX in the CYP2D6*5/*10 subjects was comparable to that in the poor metabolizers described previously.
The present findings demonstrated that carriers of the CYP2D6*10 allele showed a decreased clearance of MX. Subjects with CYP2D6*5/ *10 showed significantly ( P<0.05) increased plasma levels of MX, and homozygotes for CYP2D6*10 also showed an increase, although to a lesser extent. Thus, the CYP2D6*10 allele plays an important role in MX pharmacokinetics.
Summary form only given, as follows. A compact continuously tunable phase shifter is presented employing integrated ferroelectric varactors based on screen printed Barium Strontium Titanate ...(BST)thick film. The circuit is based on a left-handed transmission line topology that allows considerable reduction in module size. The proposed design has a total length of 1.3 mm and provides a differential phase shift up to 330°. Furthermore, the phase shifter is in coplanar strip configuration which makes it suitable for systems consisting of balanced components.
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