Infant gerbils were deprived of food by removing their mother from the cage for 3 hr on alternate days, during which time they remained with their father. These infants were compared with a control ...group which remained with their mother while the father was removed. Litters lost weight when deprived of food but they received similar levels of parental care, warmth, and tactile stimuli to those of nonfood-deprived litters. There were no significant effects on the vocalizations of the young when tested either in isolation or in the nest with other pups. This apparent absence of a mode of communicating nutritional state is discussed with reference to normal interactions between adults and the litter and the role of vocalizations produced in response to heat loss.
The Lund-Spathelf House is located at 1526 Pontiac Trail in Ann Arbor, Michigan. During a
recent renovation, the owner sought information regarding the construction of the house by searching through ...numerous written records. Despite an extensive history of the land on which the house currently sits, neither a construction year nor general period of construction could be obtained. Therefore, four samples of oak (Quercus spp.) were extracted from floor boards throughout the house for dendrochronological dating. The four samples crossdated conclusively with each other both visually and statistically and were used to build a floating 126-year tree-ring chronology. We used COFECHA to statistically evaluate the absolute temporal placement of this chronology against a nearby regional chronology (MI005.CRN) from the Cranbrook Institute, Michigan. The Lund-Spathelf House chronology was anchored in time with the regional chronology from A.D. 1720 to 1845 with a correlation coefficient of 0.62 (p < 0.0001, t < 8.76, n = 126). All four oak samples provided conclusive cutting dates of A.D. 1845, indicating the year the Lund-Spathelf House was constructed.
Section I: Synthesis of Optically Active 2-Sulfamyl- and Bicyclic 2-Sulfonyloxaziridines. Several optically active 3-aryl-2-sulfamyloxaziridines were prepared by biphasic peracid oxidation of the ...corresponding chiral sulfamylimines ${\rm (R\sb2 NSO\sb2 N}$ = CHAr). Oxidation of chiral sulfamylimines produces the sulfamyloxaziridines as a mixture of two diastereomers. A crystal structure was obtained for (+)-(R,R)-2-sulfamyl (N-(S)-$\alpha$-methylbenzyl-N-benzyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)oxaziridine, which confirmed the absolute configuration as (R,R) for the oxaziridine ring of this compound. It was found that (R,R) oxaziridines yield an excess of R-sulfoxides on oxidation of prochiral sulfides. The absolute configuration of other sulfamyloxaziridines was assigned based on correlations to the configuration of their sulfide oxidation products. The preparation of $\alpha$-chiral-organolithium compounds was examined in order to synthesize optically active 3-substituted-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxides. Oxidation of these compounds with peracids in a biphasic system affords the corresponding bicyclic-2-sulfonyloxaziridines as a mixture of two diastereomers. Section 2: Asymmetric Oxidations of Sulfides. A series of aryl alkyl sulfides were oxidized using chiral oxaziridines. The results of these asymmetric oxidations were rationalized through the construction of a chiral recognition model. The results of these asymmetric oxidations were rationalized through the construction of a chiral recognition model. Since changes in both solvent polarity and substrate $\pi$-basicity produced negligible changes in enantioselectivity, it was concluded that $\pi$-acid-$\pi$-base complexation was not important to chiral recognition. The results were found to be more consistent with steric repulsion as the dominant force in selectivity. It was discovered that subtle changes in the substitution pattern of the 3-aryl group of the oxaziridine produced large changes in enantioselectivity. Those derivatives having aryl groups substituted on both sides of the ring (e.g. 2-Cl,5-${\rm NO\sb2,}$ 3,5-di-${\rm NO\sb2,}$ pentafluoro) were demonstrably superior in selectivity to those which were monosubstituted (e.g. 2-${\rm NO\sb2,3-NO\sb2,}$ 4-${\rm NO\sb2,}$ 2-Cl). It was concluded that a large 3-aryl group was favorable to selectivity. Enantiomeric excesses up to 90.6% were observed in some cases. Examination of Newman projections leads to the conclusion that a planar transition state geometry, in which the sulfide lone pair bisects the plane of the oxaziridine ring, is favored over a spiro geometry, where the sulfide lone pair shares the plane of the oxaziridine ring. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
Two cases of acute manic psychosis in prepubertal children are described. Mania in adolescence has been described with increasing frequency, but the existence of childhood-onset mania remains ...controversial. That may be attributed to the presence of schizophreniform features in mania in young individuals. The management and prognosis of juvenile-onset mania are discussed.
The American Association of University Professors' annual survey of college and university faculty salaries, by academic rank, institution type and size, gender, and geographic region and in relation ...to the consumer price index, is reported. Extensive data tables track changes and percentile distributions; one table presents average salaries for each institution for which they are available. (MSE)
Book Reviews/Electronic Media Reviews Washburn, Patrick; Stewart, Robert; Goff, Victoria ...
Journalism History,
10/1997, Letnik:
23, Številka:
3
Book Review
