Funding research in Brazil McManus, Concepta; Baeta Neves, Abilio Afonso
Scientometrics,
2021/1, Letnik:
126, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Funding is vital for the survival of science and thereby development and sovereignty of a country and should look to the quality of the product. This paper looks at funding citations in Incites
®
...database by Brazilian authors. Almost 70% of the documents in this study were funded by one of 10 Brazilian agencies, mainly Capes, CNPq and FAPESP. Although federal agencies (Capes and Cnpq) are important nationwide, the funding agency from São Paulo state (FAPESP) was seen to have national impact, probably due to collaboration of researchers from other states with universities in São Paulo. The impact of these agencies was lower than when science was funded by foreign sources, which were mainly North American and European. Eighty companies (primarily manufacturing and pharmaceutical) were also seen to fund research in Brazil, none being national. Clusters were formed of co-funding foreign agencies using quality indicators. Cluster separation depended mainly on journal impact factor, open/closed access and % documents in Q1 journals. Using Capes data, citation rates are also low, which may account for 30% of papers nationwide without funding information.
Climatic variables can trigger physiological, biochemical, haematological and hormonal alterations that influence the maintenance of homeothermy and can affect production and productivity in sheep. ...Different mechanisms are responsible for tolerance to heat stress (HS) including coat and skin colour, body size, fat distribution, physiological reactions and not just coat type (hair/wool). This review looks at physical, physiological, molecular and genetic aspects of heat tolerance in sheep and how they affect hair and wool sheep. We propose that it is the adaptation to hot environments and not the type of coat (wool/hair) itself that determines the capacity of the resistance of the animal to HS, due to modifications in essential pathways such as energy metabolism, physiological responses and body size. When studied in similar environments, commercial wool breeds tend to show higher heat stress, but hair breeds tend not to differ from wool breeds that are adapted to hot environments.
•Within the same genetic group, white-coated animals are more tolerant.•Smaller animals are more tolerant than larger ones.•Wool animals from hot environments are more adapted than commercial wool animals.•Hair breeds that have undergone selection are less tolerant.
The impact and interaction of science with society is difficult to measure, especially at a national level. In this study, data collected for the quadrennial evaluation (2013–2016) of all ...postgraduate courses in Brazil was used to characterise production by universities as well as their interaction with society as registered in technical services. Over 4 million activities were registered in the 4 years, mainly related to university activities. Production profiles varied according to the area of knowledge. Most patents (over 8700 in total) were in the multidisciplinary and medical areas, followed by engineering, exact, biological and agricultural, 263 in other countries. There were more maps produced by the humanities and more computer applications (apps) in engineering and multidisciplinary. The Humanities, Applied Social Sciences, and Literature, letters and arts also gave more short courses, and appeared on more TV programs and in newspapers, showing greater interaction with the general public than other areas. These areas also offered more technical services, which included evaluating, editing, and writing papers and projects, participating in evaluation committees, event organization, among others. Other types of material included educational videos, folders for divulging scientific activities etc. In the Social Sciences, Humanities and Literature, letters and arts words associated with Law (case, court), Work (Labour, work, managing, plan) and Education are evident. In the life sciences, health is predominant while in the exact sciences analyses linked to agriculture, toxins, water and environment are at the forefront. Most of the external work registered by university lecturers was for governments (local, regional or national). The quality and standardization of the information collected by official means needs to be improved so that useful, timely and relevant impact analyses can be produced more easily.
Universities are not the only institutions that publish scientific papers. In this study we evaluate the production and impact of scientific publications from non-academic and industry sources. Data ...on countries, including businesses, was collected from Incites® (Clarivate Analytics) including the number of Web of Science Documents, times cited, documents in top 10 and 1% % and their percentages, Open Access (%OA), % DOAJ, % of documents per quartile (%Q1, %Q2, %Q3, %Q4), (Category Normalised Citation Impact) CNCI, Citation Impact, Average Percentile, Impact Relative to the World, as well as percentages of highly cited and hot papers. Supplementary data on countries such as including citing patents and media exposure, was acquired from SciVal®. The number of researchers per million inhabitants, GERD (Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development) per capita and per GDP (Gross Domestic Product), % government financing and % business financing and to look at sectors of the economy. Statistical analyses included correlation (PROC CORR), factorial (PROC FACTOR), cluster (PROC CLUSTER & FASTCLUS) and multivariate regression (PROC REG) using SAS®v9.4 (Statistical Analysis System Institute, Cary, North Carolina). Clusters were formed based on Category Normalised Citation Index. Impact varied by knowledge area. Comparing academic and business fields, we found that business papers had higher impact and higher prominence that academic papers, and were cited more intensively by patents. Most counties that had businesses with high impact were European, but also Australian, American and Canadian.
•Infrared thermography applications in animal production systems.•Infrared thermography is a useful tool as index physiologic changing in animals.•Infrared thermography is a noninvasive remote ...sensing method.•Limitations and factors that must be considered when using infrared thermography.
Infrared thermography technology is a noninvasive method that has been used to indicate thermal biometric changes in animal metabolism resulting from increased body temperature and changes in blood flow in response to environmental or physiological conditions. Thus, this technology can be a useful tool and general stress indicator as well as indicate inflammatory processes, pain and disease. Therefore, this manuscript aims to review the use of this technology in animal production, addressing aspects of heat and physiological stress, metabolism, nutrition, inflammatory processes, diseases, ectoparasite detection and reproduction.
Abstract Publishing profiles can help institutions and financing agencies understand the different needs of knowledge areas and regions for development within a country. Incites ® (Web of Science) ...was used to see where Brazilian authors were publishing, the impact, and the cost of this publishing. The USA was the country of choice for publishing journals, along with Brazil, England, and the Netherlands. While Brazilian authors continue to publish in hybrid journals, they are more often opting for closed access, with 89% of the papers published in Brazil being open access, compared with 21% of papers published abroad. The correlation between the cost of publishing and the number of citations was positive and significant. Publishing patterns were different depending on the area of knowledge and the Brazilian region. Stagnation or reduction in publications with international collaboration, industry collaboration, or in high impact open access journals may be the cause of a reduction in citation impact. These data can help in elaborating public and institutional policies for financing publications in Brazil, especially when looking at unfavourable changes in currency exchange rates.
The study of international collaborations can help in understanding the benefits of such relationships and aid in developing national financing policies. In this paper, the international ...collaboration of Brazilian scientists was studied using SciVal
®
and Incites
®
database, looking at its effect on the universities, financing agencies and different areas of knowledge and research topic clusters. Cluster and principal component analyses of scientometric data were carried out. While the results confirmed known knowledge that international collaboration increases impact, this study shows that Brazilian researchers are contributing to prominent research topics worldwide, in all areas of knowledge. This finding is contrary to several points of view that identify Brazil as a regional and not an international partner in science. Important also to note the impact of Brazilian authors in international collaboration that is well above the world mean. The collaboration of Brazil with foreign partners brings benefits for both sides, creating the opportunity of Brazilian research access to financing from international agencies. Increases in measures of impact are also seen for both sides. Foreign partners likewise benefit from higher impact factors in the same topic cluster, when collaborating with Brazilian partners. Publishing open access in high impact journals is fundamental for maintaining Brazilian science at the forefront.
Reproductive capacity can be altered by challenges experienced during critical periods of development, including fetal development and early neonatal life. Gossypol is a polyphenolic compound, ...commonly found in cotton seeds, that impairs male reproduction. Here, we investigated whether the exposure to gossypol in utero and during lactation alters male reproductive function in sheep. From conception until 60 days postpartum, ewes were randomly assigned to a control diet or a gossypol-rich diet based on cottonseed. Lamb testicles were removed at 60 days of age and subjected to RNA-sequencing.
Lambs derived from the maternal cottonseed diet showed significantly lower growth and lower testis weight as a proportion of the total body weight, and reduced testosterone levels. In addition, the testis transcriptome was significantly altered by the maternal cottonseed diet. Most of the altered genes are directly implicated in testis development and sperm biology, cell communication, iron ion metabolism, calcium homeostasis and signaling, among other functions. Interestingly, network analysis revealed that exposure to gossypol significantly disturbed coexpression patterns among spermatogenesis-related genes, suggesting a disruption in coregulation mechanisms.
Our findings provide evidence that maternal exposure to gossypol alters male reproductive function in the offspring, with potential lasting or lifelong negative consequences.
Dynamics of Cattle Production in Brazil McManus, Concepta; Barcellos, Júlio Otávio Jardim; Formenton, Bruna Krummenauer ...
PloS one,
01/2016, Letnik:
11, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Movement of livestock production within a country or region has implications for genetics, adaptation, well-being, nutrition, and production logistics, particularly in continental-sized countries, ...such as Brazil. Cattle production in Brazil from 1977 to 2011 was spatialized, and the annual midpoint of production was calculated. Changes in the relative production and acceleration of production were calculated and spatialized using ARCGIS®. Cluster and canonical discriminant analyses were performed to further highlight differences between regions in terms of cattle production. The mean production point has moved from the Center of Minas Gerais State (in the southeast region) to the North of Goiás State (in the Midwest region). This reflects changes in environmental factors, such as pasture type, temperature and humidity. Acceleration in production in the northern region of Brazil has remained strong over the years. More recently, "traditional" cattle-rearing regions, such as the south and southeast, showed a reduction in growth rates as well as a reduction in herd size or internal migration over the period studied. These maps showed that this movement tends to be gradual, with few regions showing high acceleration or deceleration rates.
Several factors influence the citation impact. This paper constructed paths from funding to citation impact on a country basis. Country data came from Incites® (2011-2020). The (2013 to 2018) UNESCO ...database was used to define investments in Research and Development (R&D). An overall analysis and analyses by clusters formed by investments in R&D were carried out. Countries that invest relatively less in R&D tend to have less investment by businesses and publish fewer documents. Some differences exist in this pattern. For example, countries in the lowest investment group show higher international collaboration and publications in Open Access Journals. This leads to a higher impact but below countries with the highest investments in R&D. The paths from funding to high impact differed by cluster. While international collaboration appeared in several clusters, the % of papers in Q1 (Top) journal quartile, based on citations, was in almost all clusters. More investments in R&D and open access publishing do not necessarily lead to high impact.
PDF
