We determined the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in an affected area in northern Iran in April 2020. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 528 ...persons by using rapid tests. Adjusted prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 22.2% (95% CI 16.4%-28.5%).
Burnout is a popular research topics in service providing jobs, including the health care field. This study aimed at assessing the level of job burnout and to consider the important antecedents which ...might be related to job burnout among primary health care providers in Iran.
The participants in this applied cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2013 were 548 primary health care providers who were randomly selected from among those working in Shahroud, Sabzevar, Neishabour, Bojnord (provinces located in the north east of Iran). Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered to the participants and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS through chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression model.
The burnout mean score among the participants was 54.1 ± 27.2 and the mean scores of burnout components i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were 15.5 ± 13.6, 3.7 ± 5.4 and 35.5 ± 13.5 respectively. In terms of levels of burnout, 64.2% of the participants showed low levels (n = 352), 18.4% average levels (n = 101) and 17.3% high levels (n = 95). A significant relationship was observed between burnout, job resources and interest in job (p ≤ 0.05). However, no significant relationship was observed between burnout and the place (university) of working, age, satisfaction with income, experience, gender, level of education, marital status, housing status, having a second job and place of residence (p ≥0.05).
Lack of personal accomplishment was highly prevalent among the participating primary health care providers. Lack of career advancement and job transfer opportunities may play a role in the burnout of primary health care providers. Therefore, paying attention to this aspect may help to reduce burnout and even increase job engagement.
Background: The MISSCARE survey is a useful instrument measuring the amount and type of missed nursing care and its important reasons, developed by Kalisch and Williams in 2009 and revised in 2019. ...Objective: The present paper aimed to report the psychometric properties of part A (missed nursing care) and part B (reasons for missed nursing care) of the MISSCARE tool translated into Persian. Materials & Methods: A Persian version of the MISSCARE tool were evaluated by a panel of experts, and the psychometric properties were determined with 326 nurses randomly selected from non-emergency wards of seven educational and medical centers in Rasht, North of Iran. Nurses completed the instruments from January to March 2021. Content validity was evaluated by calculating content validity index (CVI). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess construct validity. Internal consistency (reliability) was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: CVI was measured 0.82 and 0.79 for parts A and B of the survey. The fit indices of CFA indicated the acceptable fit for the measurement model of part B (missed nursing care reasons). Also, factor loadings of items on three factors of labor, material and communication confirmed the structural validity of part B of the survey. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for parts A and B were 0.991 and 0.994 in whole, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for three factors of part B ranged from 0.831 to 0.936 confirmed their reliability. Conclusions: The Persian version of the MISSCARE tool is valid and reliable for measuring missed nursing care and its reasons. It can be used by nursing authorities for evaluation purpose in Iranian hospitals.
Report of medical error is one of the effective components in the quality of healthcare services. A significant part of medical errors can be prevented by acting appropriately. The theory of planned ...behavior offers a framework in which the nurse intention to perform the behavior of error reporting is investigated. This study was conducted to determine the factors related to the behavior of reporting clinical errors in nurses working in educational and medical centers in Rasht based on the theory of planned behavior in 2020.
In this descriptive-analytical study, 326 nurses in all medical centers in Rasht were selected by the multi-stage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software, analysis of variance, correlation, and linear regression.
39% of nurses reported that they had reported a medical error, and the average number of error reports per nurse during the last 3 months was 1.42 errors. The predictive power of the theory of behavioral intention was 47%, and predictive constructs were attitude (B = .43), perceived behavioral control (B = .33), and subjective norm (B = .04) using linear regression. The predictive power of the theory for nurses' behavior was 3.1%. None of the demographic variables played a role in predicting the behavior of nurses' reporting clinical error, and no behavioral intention predicted the behavior of nurses' reporting clinical errors.
The theory of planned behavior expresses the factors affecting the behavior intention of nurses' reporting clinical errors satisfactorily. However, it was an inappropriate theory in behavior prediction. It appears that factors, such as fear of consequences of error reporting, social pressures by colleagues and officials, and lack of knowledge and skills required to identify medical errors, are the barriers to conversion of intention to the behavior of reporting clinical errors. It is necessary to provide the ground to increase nurses' report of clinical errors by acting appropriately.
Puberty is a sensitive critical stage of human life. As numerous healthy habits and behaviors are created during adolescence, correct health education during puberty is essential to maintain and ...improve an individual's physical, emotional, and mental health. The present study aimed to determine the impact of educational intervention based on the predictors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) on female nine-grade students' health behaviors in Rasht, Iran.
The present randomized controlled trial study examined 110 female nine-grade students. Multi-stage sampling was performed, and the students were randomly divided into two groups of 55 as intervention and control. The data collection tool included a valid and reliable questionnaire with four sections, namely demographic variables, knowledge, HBM constructs, and health behaviors during puberty. The educational program comprised four 45-60-min sessions per group (4 groups of 13) based on HBM. The data were collected two times, before and 1 month after the educational intervention, and were analyzed using the independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-square test, and SPSS 23.
The mean age of menarche was 12.26 ± 1.133 in the intervention group and 12.12 ± 1.263 in the control group. The family was a source of information for students and the main cue to action before the intervention. Before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of knowledge, HBM constructs, and puberty health behaviors; however, the variables increased significantly in the intervention group after educational intervention (P<0.001).
Given the effectiveness of the HBM in improving the health behavior of adolescent girls, it is recommended that health policymakers should plan and implement educational interventions in this field.
Background: An accident is an unforeseen occurrence that happens in all organs, including medical centers, due to unsafe conditions and practices which cause damage and sometimes irreparable ...injuries. Establishing safety system in the medical center seek to prevent harm to both patients and health care professionals. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess safety status in a medical center before and after implementing standard safety system. Materials & Methods: This case-study was carried out among the staff of a hospital in Guilan province, Iran in 2018-2019. The information was collected through observation and interview with staff and checking the observance of instructions and safety tips. Then, the possibility of needle stick injury was identified by calculating accident indices. human errors were assessed using risk assessment using Systematic human error reduction and prediction approach (SHERPA). Results: A total of 9 departments of a selected hospital were studied and the accident and human errors were identified. The recurrence rate of the accident in 2019 compared to 2018 had a decreasing rate from 11.36 to 4.09 (safe_T_score=-3.14). Risk assessment using SHERPA method in the gynecology ward revealed 4 important types of errors in this department. Conclusion: There was considerable reduction in frequency and severity of needle stick injuries after establishment of safety system in the hospital. The SHERPA method, detailed the task errors and specific remedial measure to correct the task. The results of this study can be helpful for medical staff, managers, employers, and safety experts in identifying and preventing the causes of the accident.
Background: Academic self-efficacy is an important prerequisite for academic achievement of students. This study aimed to determine the association between happiness and spiritual health with ...academic self-efficacy among students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), Iran. Methods: Using quota sampling method, 250 students studying at different filed of medical sciences at GUMS were selected. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Ellison and Paloutzin spiritual well-being scale, and Owen & Froman’s Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaires were used to measure happiness, spiritual health, and self-efficacy, respectively. Data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression model in Stata version 14. Results: The mean score of happiness, spiritual health, and self-efficacy was 68.7 (SD = 13.2), 84.7 (SD = 17.3), and 96.7 (SD = 15.9), respectively. there was moderate significant correlation between happiness with spiritual health (r = 0.59, P-value = 0.001) and self-efficacy (r = 0.58, P-value = 0.001). Spiritual health and self-efficacy had a weak correlation (r = 0.28, P-value = 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that happiness was independently associated with self-efficacy. The mean score of self-efficacy increased by 0.75 per unit of increase in the happiness score (P-value = 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed a moderate level of happiness and self-efficacy among students of Guilan University of Medical sciences. Happiness was the only significant predictor of self-efficacy.
The data in this article show the relationship between empowerment, occupational burnout and job stress among nurses in medical education centers in the city of Rasht, Iran. This descriptive ...correlational study was carried out from January 2016 to June 2017. The study sample included 316 nurses working at the teaching hospitals in Rasht; they were selected using stratified random sampling. The data were collected by a standard questionnaire which was rated based on the five-point Likert Scale. Data analysis was performed by SPSS-22 and SmartPLS software. Data analyzing showed that the mean scores of occupational burnout and job stress were lower than the average level. There was a significant relationship between empowerment and job stress and between job stress and occupational burnout. However, there was no significant association between empowerment and occupational burnout. It was discovered that job stress played a mediating role on the relationship between empowerment and occupational burnout.
Background: Today, addiction, especially injectable addiction, is the most important risk factor for viral diseases transmitted through blood, such as AIDS, hepatitis C and B. Objectives: The present ...study was conducted with the aim of determining the predictive factors of AIDS prevention behaviors based on the protection motivation theory (PMT) in drug addicts living in addiction treatment camps in city of Rasht, North of Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional-descriptive study was conducted on 320 drug-dependent patients living in addiction treatment camps in Rasht city. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method. The required data was collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed using multivariate linear regression model. Results: There was a very weak significant correlation between the HIV prevention behaviors and constructs of PMT including perceived self-efficacy (r=0.20), knowledge (r=0.16), reward (r=0.15), perceived response cost (r=0.14), perceived response efficiency, and fear (r=0.11). The PMT model accounted for 7% of variation in HIV prevention behaviors. Though, the model explained 38% of variance of protection motivation. Conclusion: The PMT model could not predict HIV prevention behaviors. There are many other factors such as low intention that may interfere for adopting the desired behaviors. So, it is suggested to explore a wider range of psychosocial factors in future research.
The removal of Direct Blue 71 (DB71), by laccase (EC 1.10.3.2, p-bezenediol:dioxygen oxidoreductases) enzyme in presence of 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), in aqueous ...solution was investigated. Data on this article focused on the optimizing and modeling of DB71 removal by Response surface method (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD), through studying the effective variables as follows: ABTS dose (0.05–0.2 mM), Laccase dose (0.05–0.2 U mL−1), and pH (3–7). The results of experimental showed that laccase was able to removal DB71 with removal percentage of 83% at concentration of 50 mg L−1 after 30 min incubation in presence of ABTS 0.2 mM, at temperature 40 °C and pH 5. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the predicted quadratic model was done and quadratic equation showed significant R-Squared (0.9969), Adjusted R-Squared (0.9914) and Adequate Precision (49.7). The lack of fit is not significant due to p-value prob > F more than 0.05.
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