A black hole on a three-brane in five-dimensional spacetime was predicted by Dadhich, Maartens, Papadopoulos and Rezania (DMPR). In order to reveal some signatures for observations, we investigate a ...timelike particle’s motion around the DMPR brane-world black holes. We find that, both in the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) and the marginally bound orbits (MBO), the particle’s angular momentum and its radius decrease with the increase of
Q
, where
Q
is a tidal charge parameter and may be negative and positive in the brane-world black holes. From these results, the corresponding periodic orbits with different energy levels are analyzed numerically by employing a taxonomy, which is related to the adiabatic inspiral regime in the gravitational wave radiation. It clearly shows that a rational number defined by the taxonomy increases with the particle’s energy. In addition, periodic orbits with
Q
<
0
in the DMPR brane-world black holes have higher energy in comparison to the ones with
Q
>
0
and in the Schwarzschild black holes. Our results might provide hints for distinguishing the DMPR brane-world black holes from other black holes by the timelike particle’s periodic orbits in the future.
We investigate neutral and charged test particles’ motions around quantum-corrected Schwarzschild black holes immersed in an external magnetic field. Taking the innermost stable circular orbits of ...neutral timelike particles into account, we find that the black holes can mimic different ranges of the Kerr black hole’s spin |
a
/
M
| from 0.15 to 0.99. Our analysis of charged test particles’ motions suggests that the values of the angular momentum
l
and the energy
E
2
are slightly higher than Schwarzschild black holes. The allowed regions of the
(
l
,
E
2
)
demonstrate that the critical energy
E
c
2
divides the charged test particle’s bounded trajectory into three types. With the help of a Monte Carlo method, we study the charged particles’ probabilities of falling into the black holes and find that the probability density function against
l
depends on the signs of the particles’ charges. Finally, the epicyclic frequencies of the charged particles are considered with respect to the observed twin peak quasi-periodic oscillations frequencies. Our results might provide hints for distinguishing quantum-corrected Schwarzschild black holes from Schwarzschild ones by using the dynamics of charged test particles around the strong gravitational field.
The perceived inability of climate change mitigation goals alone to mobilize sufficient climate change mitigation efforts has, among other factors, led to growing research on the co-benefits of ...reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study conducts a systematic review (SR) of the literature on the co-benefits of mitigating GHG emissions resulting in 1554 papers. We analyze these papers using bibliometric analysis, including a keyword co-occurrence analysis. We then iteratively develop and present a typology of co-benefits, mitigation sectors, geographic scope, and methods based on the manual double coding of the papers resulting from the SR. We find that the co-benefits from GHG mitigation that have received the largest attention of researchers are impacts on ecosystems, economic activity, health, air pollution, and resource efficiency. The co-benefits that have received the least attention include the impacts on conflict and disaster resilience, poverty alleviation (or exacerbation), energy security, technological spillovers and innovation, and food security. Most research has investigated co-benefits from GHG mitigation in the agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU), electricity, transport, and residential sectors, with the industrial sector being the subject of significantly less research. The largest number of co-benefits publications provide analysis at a global level, with relatively few studies providing local (city) level analysis or studying co-benefits in Oceanian or African contexts. Finally, science and engineering methods, in contrast to economic or social science methods, are the methods most commonly employed in co-benefits papers. We conclude that given the potential mobilizing power of understudied co-benefits (e.g. poverty alleviation) and local impacts, the magnitude of GHG emissions from the industrial sector, and the fact that Africa and South America are likely to be severely affected by climate change, there is an opportunity for the research community to fill these gaps.
We investigate the dynamics of neutral timelike particles around a hairy black hole in Horndeski’s theory, which is characterized by a coupling parameter with the dimension of length. With deriving ...the particles’ relativistic periastron precessions, a preliminary bound on the hairy black hole is obtained by using the result of the S2 star’s precession with GRAVITY. It is tighter than the previous result constrained by the shadow size from EHT observations of M87* by about 3–4 orders of magnitude. We also analyse the particles’ periodic motions around the hole in the strong gravitational field. It clearly shows that small variations in the coupling parameter can make the neutral particles’ motions back and forth from the quasi-periodic orbits to the periodic orbits or no bound orbit. Our present work might provide hints for distinguishing the hairy black hole in Horndeski’s theory from the classical hole by using the particles’ dynamics in the strong gravitational field.
Early diagnosis and metastasis monitoring for pancreatic cancer are extremely difficult due to a lack of sensitive liquid biopsy methods and reliable biomarkers. Herein, we developed easy-to-prepare ...and effective polydopamine-modified immunocapture substrates and an ultrathin polydopamine-encapsulated antibody-reporter-Ag(shell)-Au(core) multilayer (PEARL) Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) nano-tag with a quantitative signal of the Raman reporter at 1072 cm
, which achieved ultrasensitive and specific detection of pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes with a detection limit of only one exosome in 2 μL of sample solution (approximately 9 × 10
mol L
). Furthermore, by analyzing a 2 μL clinical serum sample, the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) antibody-based SERS immunoassay could not only discriminate pancreatic cancer patients (
= 71) from healthy individuals (
= 32), but also distinguish metastasized tumors from metastasis-free tumors, and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) P1-2 stages from the P3 stage (the discriminatory sensitivity was 95.7%). Thus, this novel immunoassay provides a powerful tool for the early diagnosis, classification and metastasis monitoring of pancreatic cancer patients.
Sperm DNA damage is recognized as an important biomarker of male infertility. To investigate this, sperm DNA damage was assessed by the sperm chromatin dispersion （SCD） test in semen and motile ...spermatozoa harvested by combined density gradient centrifugation （DGC） and swim-up in 161 couples undergoing in vitro fertilization （IVF）. Semen analysis and sperm DNA damage results were compared between couples who did or did not achieve pregnancy. The sperm DNA damage level was significantly different between the two groups （P 〈 0.05） and was negatively correlated with IVF outcomes. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that it was an independent predictor for achieving clinical pregnancy. The effects of different levels of sperm DNA damage on IVF outcomes were also compared. There were significant differences in day 3 embryo quality, blastocyst formation rate, and implantation and pregnancy rates （P 〈 0.05）, but not in the basic fertilization rate between the two groups. Thus, sperm DNA damage as measured by the SCD appears useful for predicting the clinical pregnancy rate following IVF.
The human neonatal cerebellum is one-fourth of its adult size yet contains the blueprint required to integrate environmental cues with developing motor, cognitive and emotional skills into adulthood. ...Although mature cerebellar neuroanatomy is well studied, understanding of its developmental origins is limited. In this study, we systematically mapped the molecular, cellular and spatial composition of human fetal cerebellum by combining laser capture microscopy and SPLiT-seq single-nucleus transcriptomics. We profiled functionally distinct regions and gene expression dynamics within cell types and across development. The resulting cell atlas demonstrates that the molecular organization of the cerebellar anlage recapitulates cytoarchitecturally distinct regions and developmentally transient cell types that are distinct from the mouse cerebellum. By mapping genes dominant for pediatric and adult neurological disorders onto our dataset, we identify relevant cell types underlying disease mechanisms. These data provide a resource for probing the cellular basis of human cerebellar development and disease.
Under gravity's rainbow, we investigate its effects on the gravitational time advancement, which is a natural consequence of measuring proper time span for a photon's round trip. This time ...advancement can be complementary to the time delay for testing the gravity's rainbow, because they are sensitive to different modified dispersion relations (MDRs). Its observability on ranging a spacecraft far from the Earth by two radio and a laser links is estimated at superior conjunction (SC) and inferior conjunction (IC). We find that (1) the IC is more favorable than the SC for measurement on the advancement caused by the rainbow; (2) a specific type of MDR has a significantly larger effect on the advancement than others in both SC and IC cases; and (3) a combination of available optical clocks and the realization of planetary laser ranging in the future will benefit distinguishing the gravity's rainbow from GR by measuring the gravitational time advancement.
A human cell atlas of fetal gene expression Cao, Junyue; O'Day, Diana R; Pliner, Hannah A ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
11/2020, Letnik:
370, Številka:
6518
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The gene expression program underlying the specification of human cell types is of fundamental interest. We generated human cell atlases of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in fetal ...tissues. For gene expression, we applied three-level combinatorial indexing to >110 samples representing 15 organs, ultimately profiling ~4 million single cells. We leveraged the literature and other atlases to identify and annotate hundreds of cell types and subtypes, both within and across tissues. Our analyses focused on organ-specific specializations of broadly distributed cell types (such as blood, endothelial, and epithelial), sites of fetal erythropoiesis (which notably included the adrenal gland), and integration with mouse developmental atlases (such as conserved specification of blood cells). These data represent a rich resource for the exploration of in vivo human gene expression in diverse tissues and cell types.
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