Accurate and consistent annual runoff prediction in a region is a hot topic in management, optimization, and monitoring of water resources. A novel prediction model (ESMD-SE-WPD-LSTM) is presented in ...this study. Firstly, extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) is used to produce several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and a residual (Res) by decomposing the original runoff series. Secondly, sample entropy (SE) method is employed to measure the complexity of each IMF. Thirdly, wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) is adopted to further decompose the IMF with the maximum SE into several appropriate components. Then long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a deep learning algorithm based recurrent approach, is employed to predict all components. Finally, forecasting results of all components are aggregated to generate the final prediction. The proposed model, which is applied to seven annual series from different areas in China, is evaluated based on four evaluation indexes (R, MAE, MAPE and RMSE). Results indicate that ESMD-SE-WPD-LSTM outperforms other benchmark models in terms of four evaluation indexes. Hence the proposed model can provide higher accuracy and consistency for annual runoff prediction, rendering it an efficient instrument for scientific management and planning of water resources.
Background: Combined therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti-PD-1 antibodies has shown high tumor response rates for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ...However, using this treatment strategy to convert initially unresectable HCC to resectable HCC was not reported. Methods: Consecutive patients with unresectable HCC who received first-line therapy with combined TKI/anti-PD-1 antibodies were analyzed. Tumor response and resectability were evaluated via imaging every 2 months (±2 weeks) using RECIST v1.1. Resectability criteria were (1) R0 resection could be achieved with sufficient remnant liver volume and function; (2) intrahepatic lesions were evaluated as partial responses or stable disease for at least 2 months; (3) no severe or persistent adverse effects occurred; and (4) hepatectomy was not contraindicated. Results: Sixty-three consecutive patients were enrolled. Of them, 10 (15.9%) underwent R0 resection in 3.2 months (range: 2.4–8.3 months) after the initiation of combination therapy. At baseline, these 10 patients had a median largest tumor diameter of 9.3 cm, 7 had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (vascular invasion) disease, 2 had stage B, and 1 had stage A. Before surgery, 6 patients were evaluated as a partial response, 3 stable disease, and 1 partial response in the intrahepatic lesion but a new metastatic lesion in the right adrenal gland. Six patients (60%) achieved a pathological complete response. One patient died from immune-related adverse effects 2.4 months after hepatectomy. After a median follow-up of 11.2 months (range: 7.8–15.9 months) for other 9 patients, 8 survived without disease recurrence, and 1 experienced tumor recurrence. Conclusions: Combination of TKI/anti-PD-1 antibodies is a feasible conversion therapy for patients with unresectable HCC to become resectable. This study represents the largest patient cohort on downstaging role of combinational systemic therapy on TKI and PD-1 antibody for HCC.
Herein, we have developed a simple, sensitive and paper-based colorimetric sensor for the selective detection of Chromium (Ⅵ) ions (Cr (VI)). Silanization-titanium dioxide modified filter paper ...(STCP) was used to trap bovine serum albumin capped gold nanoparticles (BSA-Au NPs), leading to the fabrication of BSA-Au NPs decorated membrane (BSA-Au NPs/STCP). The BSA-Au NPs/STCP operated on the principle that BSA-Au NPs anchored on the STCP were gradually etched by Cr (VI) as the leaching process of gold in the presence of hydrobromic acid (HBr) and hence induced a visible color change. Under optimum conditions, the paper-based colorimetric sensor showed clear color change after reaction with Cr (VI) as well as with favorable selectivity to a variety of possible interfering counterparts. The amount-dependent colorimetric response was linearly correlated with the Cr (VI) concentrations ranging from 0.5µM to 50.0µM with a detection limit down to 280nM. Moreover, the developed cost-effective colorimetric sensor has been successfully applied to real environmental samples which demonstrated the potential for field applications.
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•A functional paper-based sensor was designed to detect Cr (VI) based on the leaching of gold nanoparticles.•Detection limit for Cr (VI) was as low as 280nM with a wide linear range (0.5nM–50µM).•The proposed sensor showed high resistance to the interference ions.
In this work, CO2 hydrogenation over In2O3-supported rhenium (Re) catalysts was found to be highly size-dependent. When the Re loading was less than 1 wt %, the strong interaction between Re and ...In2O3 caused atomically dispersed Re species with a positive charge, resulting in high activity for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol with enhanced stability at elevated temperatures. The space–time yield of methanol over the 1 wt % Re/In2O3 catalyst reached 0.54 gMeOH gcat –1 h–1 with a methanol selectivity of 72.1% at 5 MPa and 573 K. With increasing Re loading, the In2O3 supported Re catalysts become more favored for CO2 methanation. Under the same experimental conditions, the methane selectivity is close to 100.0% over the 10 wt % Re/In2O3 catalyst. Catalyst characterizations and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations further confirm that the size of the Re/In2O3 catalyst has a significant effect on hydrogen activation and the selectivity of the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. Due to the strong Re–In2O3 interaction, the atomically dispersed Re in the In2O3 surface lattice not only stabilizes oxygen vacancies but also results in Hδ+ formation upon hydrogen adsorption. This significantly promotes methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. Meanwhile, the 10 wt % Re/In2O3 catalyst with supported Re nanoclusters induces H δ‑ formation, which eventually leads to more methane production. The present study demonstrates the atomically dispersed Re/In2O3 catalyst is promising for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
Indium oxide (In2O3) is active and promising for selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. However, it suffers from over-reduction at elevated temperatures, causing deactivation. Herein, a ...nitrogen-doped In2O3 (N–In2O3) catalyst was prepared using a plasma-intensified nitrogen-doping technology. It is confirmed that nitrogen doping is effective for the stabilization of In2O3. The doped nitrogen enhances the surface charge localization, which inhibits the over-reduction on the oxide surface and limits the generation of excessive surface oxygen vacancies. The doped nitrogen also serves as the active site, synergistically with surface oxygen vacancy, which leads to an enhanced dissociation of CO2 to adsorbed CO* intermediates. The electron-rich nitrogen causes a strong adsorption of CO on N–In2O3 and inhibits the formation of free CO. A significantly improved methanol selectivity with a higher turnover frequency (TOF) is thus achieved on N–In2O3, compared to the un-doped In2O3. For example, at 21,000 cm3 h–1 gcat –1, 300 °C, and 5 MPa, the TOF of N–In2O3 reaches 37.0 h–1 with methanol selectivity of 75.1%, while the TOF of the un-doped In2O3 is only 16.0 h–1 with methanol selectivity of 62.3%. Different from pristine In2O3, N–In2O3 takes the CO hydrogenation route for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. This explains the reason why the N–In2O3 catalyst possesses improved selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
A specific bone vessel subtype, strongly positive for CD31 and endomucin (CD31
Emcn
), is identified as coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The abundance of type CD31
Emcn
vessels decrease during ...ageing. Here we show that expression of the miR-497∼195 cluster is high in CD31
Emcn
endothelium but gradually decreases during ageing. Mice with depletion of miR-497∼195 in endothelial cells show fewer CD31
Emcn
vessels and lower bone mass. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of miR-497∼195 in murine endothelium alleviates age-related reduction of type CD31
Emcn
vessels and bone loss. miR-497∼195 cluster maintains the endothelial Notch activity and HIF-1α stability via targeting F-box and WD-40 domain protein (Fbxw7) and Prolyl 4-hydroxylase possessing a transmembrane domain (P4HTM) respectively. Notably, endothelialium-specific activation of miR-195 by intravenous injection of aptamer-agomiR-195 stimulates CD31
Emcn
vessel and bone formation in aged mice. Together, our study indicates that miR-497∼195 regulates angiogenesis coupled with osteogenesis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for age-related osteoporosis.
Higher-order topological insulators, as newly found non-trivial materials and structures, possess topological phases beyond the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence. In previous studies, in-gap ...boundary states such as the corner states were regarded as conclusive evidence for the emergence of higher-order topological insulators. Here, we present an experimental observation of a photonic higher-order topological insulator with corner states embedded into the bulk spectrum, denoted as the higher-order topological bound states in the continuum. Especially, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new way to identify topological corner states by exciting them separately from the bulk states with photonic quantum superposition states. Our results extend the topological bound states in the continuum into higher-order cases, providing an unprecedented mechanism to achieve robust and localized states in a bulk spectrum. More importantly, our experiments exhibit the advantage of using the time evolution of quantum superposition states to identify topological corner modes, which may shed light on future exploration between quantum dynamics and higher-order topological photonics.
The interaction between nickel and indium oxide, together with interfacial oxygen vacancy synergistically promotes the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol via the RWGS pathway where CO is the key ...intermediate.
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Indium oxide supported nickel catalyst has been experimentally confirmed to be highly active for CO2 hydrogenation towards methanol. In this work, the reaction mechanism for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol has been investigated on a model Ni/In2O3 catalyst, i.e., Ni4/In2O3, via the density functional theory (DFT) study. Three possible reaction pathways, i.e., the formate pathway, CO hydrogenation and the reverse water–gas-shift (RWGS) pathways, have been examined on this model catalyst. It has been demonstrated that the RWGS pathway is the most theoretically-favored for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. The complete RWGS pathway follows CO2 + 6H → COOH + 5H → CO + H2O + 4H → HCO + H2O + 3H → H2CO + H2O + 2H → H3CO + H2O + H → H3COH + H2O. Furthermore, it has been also proved that the interfacial oxygen vacancy can serve as the active site for boosting the CO2 adsorption and charge transfer between the nickel species and indium oxide, which synergistically promotes the consecutive CO2 hydrogenation towards methanol.
To find pesticidal lead compounds with high activity, a series of novel benzamides substituted with pyridine-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole were designed by bioisosterism, and synthesized easily via ...esterification, cyanation, cyclization and aminolysis reactions. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by
H-NMR,
C-NMR and HRMS. The preliminary bioassay showed that most compounds had good larvicidal activities against mosquito larvae at 10 mg/L, especially compound
, with a larvicidal activity as high as 100%, and even at 1 mg/L was still 40%; at 50 mg/L, all the target compounds showed good fungicidal activities against the eight tested fungi. Moreover, compound
exhibited better inhibitory activity (90.5%) than fluxapyroxad (63.6%) against
. Therefore, this type of compound can be further studied.
We designed to study the role of mitochondria in astaxanthin-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Effect of astaxanthin on cell proliferation was studied by using methyl thiazolyl ...tetrazolium (MTT) in three tumor cell lines (CBRH-7919, SHZ-88 and Lewis) and normal human hepatocyte HL-7702 cell. Cell apoptosis rate, changes of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and electron transport chain were evaluated respectively. Expressions of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) were detected by Western blot. Results as following, astaxanthin had little effect on HL-7702 cell, however its inhibition was most pronounced in CBRH-7919 cell line with an IC50 of 39 μM. This dose of astaxanthin and CBRH-7919 cell line were chosen for further studies. Astaxanthin could induce cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane damage. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential and function of electron transport chain were decreased. The expression of Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated but that of Bax protein was up-regulated. In conclusion, astaxanthin showed anticancer effect by inducing cell apoptosis through the regulation of mitochondrial-dependent manner.
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