•A new bio-based composite prepared by two methods: casting and double decomposition.•The casting method provides a water-soluble film, that's rough and non-flexible.•Developed membranes have ...extraction efficiency suitable for the toxic material.•Analysis data has shown effective interactions between hydroxyapatite and CMC plasticized with lysine.•Antibacterial and antifungal analysis has shown that the composites exhibit both antifungal and antimicrobial activities.
Development of a cost-effective technology for extraction and quantification of carcinogenic and toxic organic materials which are widely used in the industry are critical to humans. Membrane technology received much attention and has already been widely used in this area. In this work, we offer a newly developed bio-based nanocomposite membrane for removal of bisphenol-A (BPA) from water. Three natural components hydroxyapatite (HAp), carboxymethyl cellulose and lysine as a diluent were used for making the bio-based membrane. The membrane was fabricated by two different methods, the conventional casting method and the double decomposition method. Analysis and testing results showed that, membrane produced by the casting method is rough, stiff and partially soluble in water. However, the film made by the double decomposition method is smooth, flexible, and has low water solubility. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared membranes were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA). The morphology and components interface were observed by X-ray wide angle (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microscopy (SEM/FEG). The spectral and crystallographic data showed the presence of an effective interaction between hydroxyapatite and CMC plasticized with lysine. Results also show that, the particles size of the composite decrease as the content of CMC increases, with an increase of a 2% by weight of CMC the size increases by 18±3nm. Produced membrane composite could be classified as tri-functional material: it could be useful for extracting toxic material bisphenol A (BPA) from baby food containers; has antimicrobial and antifungal properties; and a valuable candidate for use in bone tissue engineering.
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) attracts interest as a biomaterial for use in bone substitution or allografts. In the current work, biomaterial nanocomposites based on HAp and pectin were synthesized by using ...the double decomposition method, which involved using pectin extracted from fresh cladodes of the prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica. The crystallinity, purity, and several analytical techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to understand the surface’s shape. The results revealed that the produced HAp/pectin nanoparticles are pure, spherical, and amorphous. The spectroscopic data indicated a substantial interaction between HAp and pectin, specifically between Ca (II) and pectin hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The presence of pectin showed a noticeable influence on the prepared nanocomposite texture and porosity. We further assess the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the developed nanocomposite against a number of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, evaluated by the well diffusion method. In the absence of pectin, the XRD analysis revealed that the HAp nanoparticles had 10.93% crystallinity. When the pectin concentration reached 10 wt.%, it was reduced to approximately 7.29%. All synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria in addition to various fungi (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium funiculosum, and Trichoderma viride). This study endorses the HAp/Pectin nanocomposite as an efficient antimicrobial material for biomedical advanced applications.
In this work, we presented a synthesis of a composite based on HAp and PEG 6000 using a new method of synthesis dissolution precipitation to be applied for application of wastewater purification from ...toxic metal ions. Multiple characterization methods were used to analyze the morphology and the structure of the well-prepared compounds including FT-IR, Raman, XRD, XPS, TGA and SEM were used to conduct a composite analysis. The adsorption effectiveness of this analysis towards Pb
2+
and various other hazardous metal ions found in sewage was assessed. Batch experiments were conducted to optimize the various operational parameters including adsorbent dose, temperature, pH, contact time, and initial concentration. The Langmuir isotherm was used to fit the data, and it predicted monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 67 mg g
−1
for HAP PEG600 and 60 mg g
−1
for HAp. A pseudo-second-order equation fits the adsorption process well (0.961–0.971). The thermodynamic data support the spontaneous metal bonding to the composite receptor sites. Theoretical calculations showed that the interaction strength is very strong and gets stronger when the PEG6000 is deprotonated. The results presented here are supported by evidence acquired from experiments. Theoretical computation using Monte Carlo (MC) and Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation models showed excellent affinity of prepared foams for the model ion Pb
2+
with highly negative adsorption energy values indicating vigorous interactions of Pb
2+
with the adsorbate surfaces.
This study investigated the controlled-release properties of thymol, a biological insecticide, encapsulated within sodium purified (Na-Mont), pillared modified with Al
13
(Mont-Pil-Al
13
) and ...organophilic (modified with cetyl pyridinium (Mont-CPC)) montmorillonites clay matrices. The clays were characterized using elemental analysis, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. Na-Mont, Mont-Pil-Al
13
, and Mont-CPC exhibited maximum thymol adsorption of 177 mg/g, 319 mg/g, and 183 mg/g, respectively. Thermal analysis revealed thymol release from the microcapsules followed zero-order kinetics and was dependent on temperature (20–120 °C), time (0–240 min), encapsulated concentration, and clay matrix. Mont-Pil-Al
13
microcapsules showed the fastest release, with 50% thymol released after 610s and 100% after 1386s at 35 °C. Mont-CPC and Na-Mont microcapsules released 50% thymol after 1579 s and 2019s and 100% after 3597s and 3882s, respectively. Activation energies calculated using the Friedman method were 26 kJ/mol for Mont-Pil-Al
13
, 78 kJ/mol for Mont-CPC, and 120 kJ/mol for Na-Mont, correlated to their release rates. Kinetic models demonstrated thymol release primarily followed zero-order diffusion, with the rate modulated by interactions between thymol and the clay matrices. Thus, thymol encapsulation within modified clay microcapsules provides a means for controlled insecticide release tuned by carrier material and thermal conditions.
•Synthesis of HAp/HECA composite films was successfully achieved.•The composite was characterized by FEG-SEM, FTIR and TGA.•HAp nanoparticles was dispersed and well immobilized in the film.•A strong ...interaction occurred between HAp and HECA matrix.•Results show good thermal stability and miscibility of the composite.
The main aim of this research work was to develop a new inorganic–organic film. Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic–organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The obtained results revealed that, the HAp nanoparticles was well dispersed and well immobilized throughout the formed films. This can be attributed to the role of the nano- and micropores in the HECA substrate. In addition, a strong interaction occurred between HAp and HECA matrix. The results showed also good thermal stability and miscibility as well.
We propose the synthesis of a tricalcium phosphate and PEG 6000 composite for use in the removal of dangerous metal ions from wastewater using a unique method of synthesis dissolution precipitation. ...The efficiency of the composite’s adsorption toward Pb2+ and other harmful metal ions found in sewage was evaluated using FTIR, XRD, and SEM composite analysis as a function of adsorbent dose, temperature, pH, time, and starting metal ion. According to the experimentally determined results, the pseudo-second order’s value of R2 (0.914–0.943) is larger than the pseudo-first-order’s (0.913–0.968) on the β-TCP and β-TCP-PEG 6000, respectively. The calculated qe values (12.592–12.452 mg/g) are reasonably close to the measured qe values for TCP and TCP-PEG 6000, which range from 90.160 to 100.736 mg/g. Thermodynamic findings support the spontaneous metal attachment to the composite’s receptor regions. The results of the DFT show that the Pb2+ ion has a significant interaction with the TCP/PEG6000 surface. This is the case even though the Pb2+ ions are far smaller than the TCP/PEG 6000 molecule. The results presented here are supported by evidence acquired from experiments. The novelty of this study is, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has a crystalline structure and is composed of calcium ions (Ca2+) and phosphate ions (PO43−). In the TCP crystal structure, the calcium ions occupy the hexagonal layers, and the phosphate ions occupy the tetrahedral interstitial sites between the hexagonal layers. The TCP crystal structure can accommodate substitutions of calcium or phosphate ions with other ions, which can lead to variations in its properties and applications.
In the last decade calcium phosphate composites and other related biomaterials, were commercially used for bone substitution or allogrefts. In this study, a method was developed for purpose. In this ...composite hydroxyapatite (HAp) was placed in a cellulose structure by dissolving and precipitation technique. The produced biocompatible composites were extensively characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis results showed that, Hap successfully included in cellulose network without affecting its crystallinity, or the properties of either cellulose or HAp. The analysis also revealed a strong physical interaction between the composite components. Therefore, the composite appears to be a useful for the fabrication of bioactive film that can be used in the Bone Tissue Engineering field. Novelty of this work is the synthesis of nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite and cellulose to get nanomaterials by a new method of synthesis in organic chemistry, which is called the double decomposition method. This method creates patterns between the organic matrix and inorganic. The second object is to replace classical materials with new nanomaterials for medical and orthopedic uses.
In this work, we have studied and optimized the technique of the synthesis of hydroxyapatite by a new method called "dissolution/reprecipitation", with the aim of finding the appropriate operating ...conditions for the synthesis of apatitic nanoparticles. The optimum value of the size of the apatitic nanoparticles being 65 nm. The theoretical results presented by this experimental design have been verified: the experimental results are similar to the results estimated by this model. Scanning electron microscopy images confirm the morphology of apatitic nanoparticles and verify the validity of our mathematical modeling. Analysis by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction of the products obtained by the method shows that the final phases are pure and stoichiometric. The method of dissolving-reprecipitating apatitic nanoparticles has several advantages over other methods, such as purity and nanoscale sizes of the final phase. The new dissolution / reprecipitation method is a synthesis technique which makes it possible to prepare very pure hydroxyapatite nanoparticles without the intervention of precursors (salts) which generally generate impurities in the final product. The new method can then be used in the synthesis of apatitic biocomposites using biopolymers.
Natural based composites of hydroxyapatite/Gum Arabic designed for removal of toxic metal arsenic (III) from waste water were synthesized and evaluated. Several composites with various compositions ...were prepared by the wet chemical method and analyzed using various spectroscopic and analytical methods such as: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, total organic carbon production, XRD analysis and scanning electron microscope. The rates of weight loss and water absorption of the HAp/GA composites as a function of time were evaluated in phosphate-buffered saline solution at 37 °C and a pH of 7.4. The effects of several variables on adsorption of arsenic (III) by HAp/GA composites were evaluated. The variables include arsenic (III) concentration, contact time (t) and complex surface nature of HAp/GA composite. Three surface complexation models were used to study the mechanisms controlled the adsorption. The models were Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin Radushkevich. The adsorption kinetic of arsenic (III) on the composite surface was described by three modes: pseudo first order, pseudo second order and the intra particle diffusion. The results revealed that, the rate of adsorption of arsenic (III) by HAp/GA composites was controlled by two main factors: the initial concentration of arsenic (III) and the contact time. The kinetic studies also showed that, the rate of adsorption is a second order. The results indicate that, composite offered in this study could be a valuable tool for removing toxic metals for contaminated water by adsorption.
Graphical abstract
.
Phosphocalcic apatites have osteoconductive and bioactive properties that make them suitable for bone reconstruction. But, they are inactive against pathogenic microorganisms that can infect bone ...tissue. To overcome this limitation, we synthesized oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites that can release molecular oxygen as a bioactive molecule. We investigated how the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) gave impacts on the chemical and structural composition of the oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites. We here used the double decomposition method, which involved mixing calcium nitrate and diammonium phosphate solutions in an ammonia buffer. We then characterized the products using several analysis, including infrared absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and elemental chemical analysis. It was found that the oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites were calcium-deficient and had a well-defined crystallinity at room temperature. After calcination at 900°C, the crystallinity improved further. The thermal analysis showed two mass losses: one at 50°C due to water adsorption and another at 450°C due to CO2 release. The specific surface area was about 100 ± 2 m2/g without any change with the Ca/P ratio. The quantity of molecular oxygen increased with the Ca/P ratio and reached an optimal value of the order of 3.6 ×10-4 mol for Ca/P=1/65 with the chemical formula of Ca9.9(PO4)6(OH)1.25(O2)0.74(CO3)0.01. It is important to make further analysis to know more about the properties of oxygenated apatite, and to combine this apatite with polymers purposely to have biomedical composites. It then can be concluded that the oxygen-doped phosphocalcic apatites could be a promising biomaterial for bone infection prevention and treatment. This research highlights an oxygenation treatment of phosphocalcic apatite and brings new ideas and possibilities for future research and development to get better understanding of the behavior of these biomaterials to be more effective, especially in the biological field. As a perspective, improving the biological properties in these biomaterials needs to be further explored, including experimental parameters for the obtainment of more conclusive results.
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