Celem artykułu jest porównanie interpretacji przemienienia Jezusa w tekstach czterech ojców Kościoła z przełomu IV i V w. (Jana Chryzostoma, Proklosa z Konstantynopola, Augustyna i Hieronima). ...Zasadnicza uwaga jest zwrócona na poszczególne elementy treściowe, zawarte w opisach ewangelicznych. Analiza interpretacji dokonanej przez poszczególnych autorów ukazuje ścisłą zależność pomiędzy problemami teologicznymi epoki (np. zagadnienia trynitarne, chrystologiczne, eschatologiczne) a sposobami i metodami egzegetycznymi.
Celem artykułu jest analiza rozważań o Przemienieniu Jezusa w okresie przednicejskim. Przedmiotem badań są nie tylko elementy treściowe ewangelicznych perykop u wybranych autorów (teksty gnostyckie i ...apokryficzne, Ireneusz, Klemens Aleksandryjski, Orygenes, Metody z Olimpu), ale również wykazanie ścisłego związku pomiędzy problemami teologicznymi poszczególnych środowisk a sposobami interpretacji tekstu biblijnego. Do najważniejszych kwestii teologicznych wyprowadzanych z egzegezy perykop ewangelicznych w kontekście polemiki z gnostycyzmem zaliczyć należy: jedność Starego i Nowego Testamentu, zmartwychwstanie ciała, niezmienność natury Chrystusa.
In the writings of St. Augustine, the Latin word cor occurs more than 8,000 times, being one of the most important, though ambiguous, terms of his anthropology and spirituality. As a synonym for the ...inner man (homo interior) it encompasses the whole affective, intellectual, moral and religious life. In this sense, it is the privileged place for a personal encounter with God. The analysis of Augustine’s writings reveals a link between the concept of the Trinity and indications concerning the spiritual life of man. Reflections on the “heart” can be put into a kind of triptych: creation “in the image of God,” illumination by Christ, and dilatation by the Holy Spirit. The impact of God on the human heart should find its completion in a voluntarily adopted attitude of adoration, humility and love.
Dialog Metodego O zmartwychwstaniu (De resurrectione) jest obszernym i pogłębionym przedstawieniem kościelnego rozumienia tego dogmatu w kontekście polemiki z niektórymi poglądami Orygenesa i ...platonizujących nurtów w chrześcijaństwie. W początkach IV w., jednym z kluczowych problemów teologicznych było wykazanie racjonalności formuły „zmartwychwstanie ciała” oraz szczegółowe wyjaśnienie jej treści. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie i opisanie elementów, uznanych przez Metodego za konieczne i konstytutywne dla prawowiernego rozumienia dogmatu oraz analiza zastosowanej przez niego argumentacji, ukierunkowanej na wykazanie tożsamości ciała zmartwychwstałego z ziemskim, tak co do materii, jak i formy. W artykule podjęta też została próba zrozumienia zasadniczych motywacji, które w okresie prześladowań Dioklecjańskich skłoniły biskupa Olimpu do zajęcia się w sposób tak kompleksowy kwestią zmartwychwstania. W świetle dotychczasowych studiów zaproponowana też została ocena argumentacji autora De resurrectione w kontekście doktrynalnej polemiki w jego czasach.
In the writings of St. Augustine, the Latin word cor occurs more than8,000 times, being one of the most important, though ambiguous, terms ofhis anthropology and spirituality. As a synonym for the ...inner man (homointerior) it encompasses the whole life: affective, intellectual, moral andreligious. In this sense, it is the privileged place for a personal encounterwith God.Analysis of Augustine’s writings reveals a link between the concept ofthe Trinity and indications concerning the spiritual life of man. Reflectionson the “heart” can be put into a kind of triptych: creation “in the imageof God”, enlightenment by Christ, and expansion by the Holy Spirit. Theimpact of God on the human heart should find their completion in a voluntarilyadopted attitude of adoration, humility and love.
Topics concerning women’s physiology and reproduction appear relatively rarely in the reflections of the Fathers of the Church. Most often they perpetuated the beliefs of ancient medicine, ...benefitting from the appropriate terminology. The originality of their reflection lies in trying to use the “scientific” facts within theological considerations (eg the creation of mankind and the Incarnation of the Son of God) and moral ones (eg the value of sexuality, fertility and parenthood). The scope of this article includes analysis of selected texts of Methodius of Olympus and those of Ambrose of Milan. Both authors had a deep medical knowledge of the issues and their works contain interesting examples related to female reproductive physiology. They were protagonists of an ideal of virginity, but yet, they preserved a positive assessment of fertility and marriage. Worthy of particular emphasis, in the works of Methodius, is the defense of the dignity of every unborn child, whom God himself creates and animates in the womb. The basis of the considerations in Symposium was a passage from Genesis 2: 21-24, to which he gave allegorical meaning, defining human sexuality and procreation as the typology of the divine and ecclesiastical realities. In turn, Ambrose undertook issues such as conception, prenatal development and the birth of a child, in the context of the exceptional role of Mary in the history of salvation and in the Incarnation of the Son of God. Theological considerations were an excellent opportunity for him to express moral teaching and pastoral care, and to provide very practical and helpful, medical and educational tips for women.
The foundation of the christian truth about the resurrection is the paschal event, ie the death and resurrection of Christ. However, the interpretation of this dogma is essentially linked to an ...anthropological vision, therefore the exegesis of biblical protology has a particular significance. At the start of the IVth century, Methodius of Olympus undertook an interesting trial to clarify the status of the first man. Namely, departing from the traditional concept of medietas, which placed Adam in an indeterminate balance between immortality and death, he favoured the idea, which can be called “principaliter (essential or original) immortality”. Thanks to this modification, the author of De resurrectione, gained an important point in resurrectional polemics. He thus presented death, not as an equivalent possibility linked with the original choice of man, but a consequence of his sin, certainly dramatic, but secondary to God’s original plan. In this perspective, the resurrection of the body, and restoring it to immortality, appeared worthy and necessary, being the eschatic realisation of the Creator’s design, his who cannot err.
The struggle between good and evil is one of the main subjects of the Epistle of Pseudo-Barnabas, which originated between 70 and 130, thus, in the period when apocalyptic literature was flourishing. ...The latter’s impact on the Epistle is undeniable, and is expressed in the characteristic approach of the present time as the „last days” marked by intense activity of evil forces. Even though the outcome of God’s struggle with Satan has already been decided by the victory of Jesus Christ on the cross, still it is ongoing, and at different levels. For Pseudo- Barnabas, two areas of this confrontation are of utmost importance: the orthodoxy of faith and morality of life. The first issue is treated very broadly (chapters I-XVII), and its essence is to convince the readers of the Letter of the saving exclusivism of Christianity. The author radically opposes Judaism, considering all its laws and institutions in their historical implementation (e.g. sacrifices, fasting, Sabbath, temple, ritual ordinances) as the result of both the incorrect (physical) interpretation of the inspired Scriptures and submission to Satan’s insidious work. The only people of the Covenant are those who have believed in Jesus Christ and were immersed in the water of baptism. The other area of the still ongoing struggle is the heart of a Christian who, at any time, has to choose between the way of life and the way of death (chapters XVIII-XX). The final manifestation of Christ’s victory over evil will happen at His second coming, when He will put an end to the „times of the Wicked” and will bring into His Kingdom all the Christians faithful to His teaching.
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