Despite its potential, to date, work has not been carried out to identify the ideal drying conditions for Mimosa bimucronata (DC) O. Kuntze. Considering the scarcity of information on the drying ...process of this species, this work was with the objective of evaluating the sensitivity to desiccation by means of drying on activated silica gel (fast) and under laboratory conditions (slow). Rapid drying with silica was performed. For slow drying, the seeds were placed in plastic containers without lids, both at room temperature. Every hour, the seeds were weighed until reaching the pre-established points (30, 25, 20, 15 and 10%). The variables analyzed were: water content, first germination count, germination, germination speed index, dry mass and seedling length. The seeds of M. bimucronata (DC) show orthodox behavior, withstanding desiccation at levels below 15%. The desiccation of seeds at very low levels impairs the formation of seedlings, preventing their normal development.
Producing forest species in regions with limiting water conditions is still a challenge to be overcome. Thus, it is necessary and urgent to develop research that measure the influence of water stress ...on the growth, development and propagation capacity of species. Given the above, the objective of this work was to determine the influence of rainfall pulses on reproductive phenophases, production and vigor of seeds of 'Mimosa caesalpiniifolia' Benth. Biweekly flowering and fruiting phenophases were recorded in selected plants in the field, and later these observations were correlated with climatic data from the region. Already the evaluation of the physiological potential was carried out through a germination test in five lots of seeds harvested from the trees of the phenophases study. Generally, it was observed that the sabia ('M. caesalpiniifolia') produced seeds between the first half of April and the second half of June, and in the second half of August and the first half of September 2021. The reproductive phenology of the sabia depends on the extension and frequency of rainfall pulses. The pulse extension was favorable to the physiological potential of the seeds as the germination ranged from 85 to 96%. Therefore, 'M. caesalpiniifolia' has its phenology and productive potential influenced by precipitation pulses.
To evaluate the physiological potential of the seeds, the tetrazolium test would be an interesting alternative, as it is a quick test that provides a detailed analysis of viability and vigor. ...Therefore, it is necessary to define pre-conditioning conditions, such as temperature and duration of soaking, concentration of the tetrazolium solution, and method of exposing the seeds to staining. 'Moringa oleifera' Lam., belonging to the family Moringaceae, is widely distributed in tropical countries and easily adapted to semi-arid conditions, possessing medicinal value, as forage, condiment, in the cosmetics industry, melliferous, fuel, and in water purification treatment through the coagulant solution made from seeds. Based on the above, the objectives of the present work were to establish the most appropriate procedure for conducting the tetrazolium test to evaluate the viability and vigor of 'M. oleifera' seeds. Only the cotyledons containing the embryo were placed in 50 mL plastic cups and immersed in a solution of 2,3,5-triphenyl chloride tetrazolium salt at concentrations of 0.05; 0.075 and 0.1% for staining periods of 1, 2, and 3 hours in a Biochemical Oxygen Demand chamber at 30 degreesC in the dark. The seeds were evaluated one by one for tissue condition (firm or flaccid) and seed color, and by the location and size of the lesions on the cotyledon and embryonic axis. For the standardization of the tetrazolium test, the Completely Randomized Design was used in a 3x3+1 factorial scheme (three concentrations of tetrazolium solution x three staining periods + control = germination test) with four repetitions of 25 seeds. 'M. oleifera' seeds were found to have a high germination rate (100%), there was no significant difference between the control and the percentage of viable seeds (TZ) for the 2 and 3 hours staining periods, immersed in tetrazolium solution at concentrations of 0.075 (96%) and 0.05% (99%), respectively. The most appropriate procedure for conducting the tetrazolium test to assess the viability and vigor of 'M. oleifera' seeds is to use a concentration of 0.05% for 3 hours of salt immersion.
Phenology works as an indicator of the response of plants to local climatic and edaphic conditions, enabling a better understanding of the dynamics of the species. The seasonal climate also ...influences the occurrence of periodic rhythms of growth and reproduction (phenophases). 'Moringa oleifera' Lam., belong to the Moringaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical countries and easily adapts to semiarid conditions, having medicinal value as a forage, flavoring, in the cosmetics, honey, fuel and in the treatment of water purification through the coagulant solution made from the seeds. The objectives of the present work were to study the phenological behavior of M. oleifera and to relate the variations in phenophases with climatic factors, precipitation and temperature. For collection of phenological data, ten trees were selected, and the records were carried out between the first half of August 2020 and the first half of July 2021. The observations were carried out at fortnightly intervals, recording the presence and absence of the flowering and fruiting phenophases including flowering - period in which the tree is in full flowering; fructification - which starts from the moment that small fruits are visible after the fertilization of the flowers and ends with the dispersal of seeds. The Fournier intensity index was determined using a semiquantitative interval scale of five categories (0 to 4), with an interval of 25% between each category. The phenological data of intensity of each phenophase (flowering and fruiting) were related to precipitation and average temperature fortnightly using Spearman's correlation. The flowering and fruiting phenophases of 'M. oleifera' intensified in August, September and December 2020, showing Fournier intensity peaks of 47.5 and 77.5, 72.5 and 92.5, and 35 and 55 %, respectively, and April and June 2021, in the monthly intervals of greater rainfall, with percentage rates of 82.5 and 95, 77.5 and 80%, respectively. In general, we found that 'M. oleifera' produced seeds between the first half of August and the first half of September, and the second half of December 2020, and the second half of April and the first half of June 2021. Thus, it can be stated that the production of fruits by 'M. oleifera' is interrupted in the months with less rainfall (October to November 2020, and January to February 2021). The intensity and duration of the flowering and fruiting phenophases in M. oleifera are synchronized with the temporal distribution of the precipitation pulses in that habitat.
'Albizia polycephala' (Benth) Killip, popularly known as angico-branco, belongs to the Fabaceae - Mimosoideae family, is a pioneer species used for environmental restoration, ornamentation and urban ...afforestation. Biometric characterization is an important tool to provide information on the type of germination, in addition to describing the morphology of the seed, it stimulates studies inherent to taxonomy, ecology and seed technology. For the production of seedlings, the most used form of propagation of this species is through seeds. Therefore, with the establishment of protocols to overcome dormancy of forest species, the producer will be able to choose the most efficient method and also the one that best adapts to his reality, both commercial and technological, providing an increase in the number of species destined to compose the models for the recovery of degraded areas to be implemented. Based on this, the objective of this work was to carry out the biometric characterization of the seeds, describe the post-seminal stages and verify the best way to promote the germination of A. polycephala using pre-germination treatments to overcome dormancy. The work was carried out at the Laboratory of Phytotechnics of the Campus of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences (CECA) of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL). The differentiation and development of A. polycephala seedlings was measured. In the dormancy breaking trial, the following treatments were used: i) control (intact seeds); (ii) chemical scarification by immersing the seeds in sulfuric acid for 5 min, followed by washing in running water; iii) cut (cut) on the side opposite the micropyle; iv) immersion in hot water (80 degreesC) and cooling for 24 h; v) immersion in distilled water (room temperature) for 24 h; and vi) immersion in distilled water (room temperature) for 48 h. The seeds were incubated in a germination chamber at a constant temperature of 30 degreesC. The design used was completely randomized, with 4 replications of 25 seeds per treatment, and the means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. At the time of installation of the experiment, the seeds had a water content of 12.4%, with an average of 10.3 mm in length, 7.42 mm in width and 2.46 mm in thickness. Germination is epigeous and seedlings are phanerocotyledon. The physical rupture of the seed coat from the bud treatment contributed to the increase in permeability to water and gases, thus benefiting the germination process. Thus, topping can be recommended to overcome A. polycephala seed dormancy.
O sururu (Mytella falcata) é um molusco bivalve encontrado em toda costa brasileira que chegou a ocupar o segundo lugar como moluscos mais pescados no país. Para o estado de Alagoas, localizado no ...Nordeste do Brasil, o sururu tem imensa importância no âmbito socioeconômico e cultural, visto que tem sido uma das principais fontes de renda e de sobrevivência da população ribeirinha e lagunar. No entanto, mediante o descarte inadequado das suas conchas, o sururu (bastante apreciado na culinária alagoana) tem acarretado danos ambientais. Este resíduo apresenta em sua composição óxidos e carbonatos de magnésio e cálcio, elementos que compõem o calcário agrícola, um corretivo de acidez do solo. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do pó da concha do sururu em características químicas do solo. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em fatorial 5x2 (cinco doses de pó de casca de sururu: 0,0; 0,625; 1,25; 2,50 e 5,0 t/ha; e dois períodos de incubação: 30 e 60 dias) sendo avaliados o pH e a Condutividade elétrica (CE) da solução do solo. A aplicação do pó das conchas do sururu promoveu a elevação do pH do solo (redução da acidez) e da CE, sem, no entanto, promover sua salinização. Sendo assim, acredita-se que o pó das conchas do sururu se apresenta com potencial para ser uma fonte alternativa para correção de acidez do solo.
The use of bioinputs has been intensified in conventional and organic systems. In Brazil, the National Bioinputs Program was instituted to enhance their production and use in crops, and the Empresa ...Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) launched the Bioinsumos (bioinputs) application, containing the bioproducts registered by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. This study aimed to identify the classes and number of bioinputs for phytosanitary control included in the Embrapa’s Bioinsumos application with authorized use for the organic agriculture in the country. There are 526 bioinputs for the phytosanitary control of several pests and diseases in various agricultural crops, which are divided into eleven classes, of which only two do not have bioproducts for organic agriculture: microbiological bactericide and pheromone. Despite the number of bioinputs for organic agriculture, in practice, their use is still reduced, what may be related to limited financial resources, lack of knowledge of their existence and the ways of using them. Thus, it is necessary a greater incentive and public guidance for the development of bioinputs with greater accessibility for rural producers, especially for those who work with organic agriculture.
O Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., conhecida popularmente como orelha-de-negro ou tamboril, pertence a família Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, sendo utilizada na construção naval e civil e na ...recuperação de áreas degradadas. A luz e temperatura são fatores abióticos que podem interferir diretamente no crescimento de plântulas. O experimento foi conduzido em laboratório pertencente ao Centro de Ciências Agrárias/UFAL objetivando avaliar a influência da luz e temperatura na germinação de sementes de E. contortisiliquum. As sementes foram submetidas à temperaturas de 20 e 30 ºC (constantes) e 20-30 ºC (alternada), sob presença e ausência de luz. As características avaliadas foram: primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG) e massa seca de plântulas. As sementes de E. contortisiliquum germinam e as plântulas se desenvolvem em diferentes condições de luminosidade e temperatura. As temperaturas constantes de 20 e 30 ºC e alternada de 20-30 ºC na presença de luz e 30 ºC na ausência são recomendadas para o teste de germinação e vigor das sementes da espécie em estudo.
The objectives of the present study were to morphologically characterize the seeds, study post-seminal development, and report the best treatment to overcoming dormancy of colubrina (Colubrina ...glandulosa Perkins). Eight replicates of 100 seeds were weighed and the length, width, and thickness of each seed were measured for the physical characterization. External and internal aspects were considered for the morphological description of the seeds. Seven pre-germination treatments were used to overcoming dormancy: (T1) intact seeds; immersion in sulfuric acid for 60 (T2) and 90 min (T3); (T4) manual scarification in the region opposite the hilum; (T5) immersion in water at 80 degreesC, followed by standing in the same water outside the heat for 24 hours at room temperature; and immersion in distilled water for 24 (T6) and 48 hours (T7). The germinative process was recorded for 19 days in the post-seminal study. The variables analyzed were germination, first count, speed, average germination time, germination uncertainty and synchrony, seedling length, and dry mass. This was a completely randomized designed study, with four replicates of 25 seeds in each treatment. The seeds were morphologically highly variable. The testal and the embryo were the invaginated type. Germination was epigeal and the phanerocotyledonal type. Manual scarification induced maximum germinability in the mean time, resulting in a unimodal distribution of the relative frequency and high synchronization of germination, which allowed for the maximum number of highly vigorous seedlings. These results indicate a treatment for overcoming dormancy in C. glandulosa.
In the semi-arid environment, the synchronism and the magnitude of the precipitation pulses are indispensable for the ecological processes, mainly due to the availability of water in the soil for the ...plants and to the microbiological activity of the soil. The present study aimed to determine the vegetative and reproductive phenological behavior of Croton blachetianus Baill in areas of Caatinga. The hypothesis was that the occurrence of the phenophases is synchronized with the spatial and temporal distribution of the precipitation pulses, under semi-arid conditions. For the phenological study, 50 tree individuals were selected, marked and monitored weekly, recording the presence and absence of the phenophases of sprouting, appearance of flower buds, flowering (anthesis), fruiting and senescence, whose data were related to the water pulses and inter-pulses. The method proposed by Fournier was used to estimate the percentage of the intensity of the phenophases in each individual. The phenological data of intensity of each phenophase (sprouting, flower-bud, flowering, fruiting and senescence) were related to the distribution of rain pulses and through Spearman's correlation coefficient, using the number of individuals under each phenophase and the daily climate data. The vegetative and reproductive phenological behavior of C. blachetianus reflected the seasonal pattern of precipitation. The intensity and duration of the phenophases depended on the extent and frequency of the rain pulses during the rainy season. Total leaf senescence happened when the precipitation inter-pulses intensified as the dry season progressed, characterizing deciduousness.
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