ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae Purdy, Michael A; Harrison, Tim J; Jameel, S ...
Journal of general virology,
11/2017, Letnik:
98, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The family Hepeviridae includes enterically transmitted small non-enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses. It includes the genera Piscihepevirus, whose members infect fish, and Orthohepevirus, whose ...members infect mammals and birds. Members of the genus Orthohepevirus include hepatitis E virus, which is responsible for self-limiting acute hepatitis in humans and several mammalian species; the infection may become chronic in immunocompromised individuals. Extrahepatic manifestations of Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy, glomerulonephritis and pancreatitis have been described in humans. Avian hepatitis E virus causes hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Hepeviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/hepeviridae.
Morphine and its pharmacological derivatives are the most prescribed analgesics for moderate to severe pain management. However, chronic use of morphine reduces pathogen clearance and induces ...bacterial translocation across the gut barrier. The enteric microbiome has been shown to have a critical role in the preservation of the mucosal barrier function and metabolic homeostasis. Here, we show for the first time, using bacterial 16s rDNA sequencing, that chronic morphine treatment significantly alters the gut microbial composition and induces preferential expansion of Gram-positive pathogenic and reduction in bile-deconjugating bacterial strains. A significant reduction in both primary and secondary bile acid levels was seen in the gut, but not in the liver with morphine treatment. Morphine-induced microbial dysbiosis and gut barrier disruption was rescued by transplanting placebo-treated microbiota into morphine-treated animals, indicating that microbiome modulation could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for patients using morphine for pain management.
To solve the crosstalk problem when the integration density of resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices increase, RRAM with self-rectifying function is required. Herein, the Au/10 nm ...Al2O3/heavily doped p-type Si (p++-Si) structure was fabricated, and bipolar resistive switching and self-rectifying effect were investigated. A rectification of 6.5 × 103 under ±5 V at low-resistive state (LRS) was observed. The rectifying effect is explained by the energy band diagrams of the structure and electrical conduction mechanism at LRS under negative bias is fitted by space charge limited conduction (SCLC) model. Finally, the endurance and retention properties of the structure were tested. This work would provide insights for further research on the RRAM device with self-rectifying effect, which can alleviate the crosstalk effect without additional switching elements in integrated circuit.
The anomalous rod shape in carbon isotopes has been investigated in the framework of the cranking covariant density functional theory, and two mechanisms to stabilize such a novel shape with respect ...to the bending motion, extreme spin, and isospin are simultaneously discussed for the first time in a self-consistent and microscopic way. By adding valence neutrons and rotating the system, we have found the mechanism stabilizing the rod shape; i.e., the σ orbitals (parallel to the symmetry axis) of the valence neutrons, important for the rod shape, are lowered by the rotation due to the Coriolis term. The spin and isospin effects enhance the stability of the rod-shaped configuration. This provides a strong hint that a rod shape could be realized in nuclei towards extreme spin and isospin.
Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are indigenous in many countries in the world. These free-living swine are known reservoirs for a number of viruses, bacteria and parasites that are transmissible to domestic ...animals and humans. Changes of human habitation to suburban areas, increased use of lands for agricultural purposes, increased hunting activities and consumption of wild boar meat have increased the chances of exposure of wild boars to domestic animals and humans. Wild boars can act as reservoirs for many important infectious diseases in domestic animals, such as classical swine fever, brucellosis and trichinellosis, and in humans, diseases such as hepatitis E, tuberculosis, leptospirosis and trichinellosis. For examples, wild boars are reservoirs for hepatitis E virus, and cluster cases of hepatitis E have been reported in Japan of humans who consumed wild boar meat. In Canada, an outbreak of trichinellosis was linked to the consumption of wild boar meat. The incidence of tuberculosis owing to Mycobacterium bovis has increased in wild boars, thus posing a potential concern for infections in livestock and humans. It has also been documented that six hunters contracted Brucella suis infections from wild swine in Florida. This article discusses the prevalence and risk of infectious agents in wild boars and their potential transmission to livestock and humans.
Covariant density functional theory and the tilted axis cranking method are used to investigate antimagnetic rotation (AMR) in nuclei for the first time in a fully self-consistent and microscopic ...way. The experimental spectrum as well as the B(E2) values of the recently observed AMR band in (105)Cd are reproduced very well. This gives a further strong hint that AMR is realized in specific bands in nuclei.
Free-flowing rivers (FFRs) support diverse, complex and dynamic ecosystems globally, providing important societal and economic services. Infrastructure development threatens the ecosystem processes, ...biodiversity and services that these rivers support. Here we assess the connectivity status of 12 million kilometres of rivers globally and identify those that remain free-flowing in their entire length. Only 37 per cent of rivers longer than 1,000 kilometres remain free-flowing over their entire length and 23 per cent flow uninterrupted to the ocean. Very long FFRs are largely restricted to remote regions of the Arctic and of the Amazon and Congo basins. In densely populated areas only few very long rivers remain free-flowing, such as the Irrawaddy and Salween. Dams and reservoirs and their up- and downstream propagation of fragmentation and flow regulation are the leading contributors to the loss of river connectivity. By applying a new method to quantify riverine connectivity and map FFRs, we provide a foundation for concerted global and national strategies to maintain or restore them.
Big data analysis, Internet technology, and cloud computing are being integrated to the allocation of production and manufacturing (P-M) resources, promoting the transformation, upgrading, and ...innovative development of traditional job-shop P-M resource allocation. However, the existing studies have not fully considered the demand dynamicity of production materials. To solve the problem, this paper attempts to predict the demand and optimize the allocation of job-shop P-M resources. Firstly, a demand prediction model was established for job-shop P-M resources, which can simultaneously capture the static and dynamic spatial dependence of P-M resource volume. Based on the demand prediction, the authors detailed an allocation optimization strategy for job-shop P-M resources, and defined the objective function and constraints. The proposed model was proved effective through experiments.
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