Purpose
– This paper aims, using a case study-based research approach, to investigate the role of climate and non-climate drivers in shaping three commercial marine sectors: fishing, aquaculture and ...marine tourism. Essential elements of climate change research include taking a whole of systems approach, which entails a socio-ecological perspective, and considering climate challenges alongside other challenges faced by resource users.
Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis is based on information gained using in-depth semi-structured interviews in a coastal community in southeast Australia. Even though climate drivers differ, the economic sectors of this community are representative of many similar coastal communities around Australia.
Findings
– Results show that at a community level, people involved in, or associated with, marine sectors are aware of climate change impacts on the marine environment. Even though many may not see it as a pressing issue, the potential effect of climate change on business profitability was recognised. Both the profitability of commercial fishing and aquaculture (oysters) was affected through mostly a downward pressure on product price, while marine tourism profitability was mainly affected through changes in the number of visitors.
Research limitations/implications
– A case study approach is inherently case study-specific – although generalities from complex system representation, built on local survey respondent observation and knowledge of the combined and linked physical–biological-, social-, economic- and governance drivers. This study shows the importance of a holistic approach; yet, researchers must also consider all community sectors and cross-regional investigations to avoid future resource conflicts.
Practical implications
– A number of positive impacts from climate-driven change, mainly from windfall economic benefits of geographically relocated species, were reported for commercial- and charter fishing. However, no positive impacts were reported for the aquaculture- and dive sector. In the aquaculture sector, climate drivers were of great significance in industry participation, while participation in commercial fishing was mainly driven by socio-economic factors.
Social implications
– To ensure the combined marine sectors retain a viable component of coastal communities’ economic focus, there is a need to understand what drives participation in the marine sector, and what the role of climate change is in this. To fully understand the ramifications of climate change in the marine environment, it is essential to understand its impacts across all marine sectors.
Originality/value
– Combining the different domains with climate drivers allows for identification and assessment of targeted adaptation needs and opportunities and sets up a comprehensive approach to determine future adaptation pathways.
Lower limb cellulitis and deep vein thrombosis share clinical features and investigation of patients with cellulitis for concurrent DVT is common. The prevalence of DVT in this group is uncertain. ...This study aimed to determine the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with lower limb cellulitis and to investigate the utility of applying the Wells algorithm to this patient group.
Patients admitted with lower limb cellulitis prospectively underwent a likelihood assessment for DVT using the Wells criteria followed by investigation with D-dimer and ultrasonography of ipsilateral femoral veins as appropriate. Diagnoses of contralateral DVT or pulmonary embolism during admission were recorded.
200 patients assessed for DVT. 20% of subjects were high risk by Wells criteria. D-dimer was elevated in 74% and 79% underwent insonation of the affected leg. Ipsilateral DVT was found in 1 patient (0.5%) and non-ipsilateral VTE in a further 2 (1%).
Deep vein thrombosis rarely occurs concurrently with lower limb cellulitis. The Wells score substantially overestimates the likelihood of DVT due to an overlap of clinical signs. Investigation for DVT in patients with cellulitis is likely to yield few diagnoses and is not warranted in the absence of a hypercoaguable state.
ACTRN: 12610000792022 (https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=320662).
Although the work of the Czech surrealist, Jan Svankmajer, is not overtly political, the films he made in the early part of his career earned the disapproval of the communist regime for their subtle ...critique of the social and psychological forces that exert repression on the individual. Svankmajer has stated that, since the revolution of 1989 that brought about the end of communism and heralded the arrival of a new political, social, and cultural freedom, his creative activity has been more than ever motivated by an exploration of ideas of freedom and manipulation. With the intention of discovering if, in his recent work, he continues to present a critique of contemporary life, this thesis seeks to identifying his perspective on the nature of personal freedom in a newly capitalist society through an examination of the recurring thematic concerns of the films made in this period of his career and the narrative devices he adopts to communicate these themes.
AMR has been cited as the most significant health issue of the 21st century with potentially serious consequences for the health of global populations, including New Zealand, and its health system. ...Proactive approaches to combating AMR through better understanding of the causes will inform measures required to reduce potential threats. The Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) identifies three pathogens where increased resistance is of concern and recommends collaborative responses to prevent emerging threats to New Zealand populations. An international best practice AMR programme would include antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) building on evidence, policy, organisational support, multidisciplinary teams and patient experience. The planned Ministry of Health-led collaborative approach to developing a national strategy and programme will provide sector direction. Implementation will require extensive engagement with the health sector and communities to develop joint solutions that prevent further increases in AMR.
To review the clinical practice and complications of the home intravenous antimicrobial service at Christchurch Hospital after twelve months of full operation.
Clinical and microbiological diagnoses, ...antimicrobial therapy, and complications of home intravenous antimicrobial therapy were entered prospectively on an Excel data base.
Of the 153 patients, 113 (74%) suffered from skin, soft tissue or bone and joint disease. A bacteriological diagnosis was made in 108 patients (71%). 119 patients were treated with the narrow spectrum agents--penicillin 20 (13%), flucloxacillin 55 (36%) and cephazolin 44 (29%). Ceftriaxone was used for treatment in fifteen (10%) patients. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC's) were used in 129 patients, midlines fifteen, peripheral angiocaths in eight, and a Portacath in one. An elastomeric infusion device was used in 80 patients and an infusion pump in 34. Complications developed in 31 (20%) patients including three infections and one jugular vein thrombosis. Fifteen patients (10%) were readmitted within one month of discharge.
The home intravenous therapy programme successfully used first line narrow spectrum agents initiated in hospital with avoidance of unnecessary broad spectrum agents. Complication rates were acceptable and likely to improve with experience in patient selection and provision of support services.
Legume species have been known to increase soil N content and are incorporated into land restoration seed mixes in hopes of improving degraded soils and plant communities. The goals of this project ...were to determine effects of soil type, soil moisture, inocula and fungicide treatments on legume establishment, Nâ‚‚ fixation capacity and plant biomass for six individual native legume species. In potted greenhouse studies, legumes were grown in five field soils to verify nodulation without inocula. In a second phase, plant biomass was measured in two soils at two moisture contents (60 and 80% of field capacity). The efficacies of Rhizobia inocula and fungicide treatments were also tested. The greenhouse studies were used to supplement data gathered at three field sites around Montana. Native soils contained Rhizobia that were specific to many of the plant species tested and induced nodulation. Soil moisture content, inoculation and fungicide treatments had less effect on nodulation and biomass than the soil characteristics. Fungicide treatments benefited establishment of Lupinus argenteus, and had mixed effects on Astragalus canadensis and Dalea candida. Benefits were dependent on soil nutrient content, microbial biota and other characteristics. Shoot biomass at each field site also varied significantly; in general A. canadensis had the highest nodulation and biomass, while Dalea purpurea and D. candida typically had the lowest biomasses and nodulation. This research should assist land managers in selecting species to suit a wide variety of ecological conditions and land restoration scenarios.
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