Since 1971 routine child health check-ups allow the routine identification of dis-eases in children and adolescents. Paediatricians play a central role in health prevention in childhood and ...adolescence and are - on account of their acceptance and admission requirements - important actors in child protection. Thus, paediatric practitioners were actively involved in the invitation and reporting system for the routine child health check-ups (U6 and U7), which was introduced to increase participation rates and improve child protection in Hamburg.
By means of a questionnaire survey, all paediatric practitioners practicing in Hamburg were asked a year after introduction of the invitation and reporting system to report on their practical experience, and to share their assessment and criticism of the system (response rate 73%).
Out of 110 participating pediatricians (M=19.5 years practical experience), 81% evaluated the invitation and reporting system as very useful, useful or rather useful; 83% supported an expansion of the system for routine child health check-ups, and about 18% observed an increased utilisation of routine child health check-ups especially from families with a migrant background and by socially-disadvantaged families. Criticism was made concerning ineffective procedures.
The invitation and reporting system for routine child health check-ups in Hamburg shows how pediatricians can be integrated into the network of prevention and child welfare. It also shows their support of this system. Paying more systematic attention and an interdisciplinary network connecting paediatricians may contribute to a more comprehensive prevention and child protection.
Global decay chain vertex fitting at Belle II Krohn, J.-F.; Tenchini, F.; Urquijo, P. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2020, Letnik:
976, Številka:
C
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this paper we report the implementation of a global vertex fitting algorithm within the Belle II analysis software environment, which was originally developed for BaBar (Hulsbergen, 2005). We ...explore the impact of global vertex fitting algorithms for flavour physics analyses with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB e+e− collider, such as in the reconstruction of final states with neutral particles, and in fits with geometrical constraints from SuperKEKB’s nano-beam interaction region. The algorithm is compared to the standard vertex fitting algorithm employed by the Belle experiment. We have developed the fitting framework to utilise the EIGEN library for linear algebra operations, reducing the computation time for vertex fitting operations by an order of magnitude over previous methods. This has a significant impact on physics analysis computing efficiency, where vertex fitting over large combinations of final state particles is one of the most CPU intensive operations at Belle II.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Krieg in der Ukraine hat die weltweite Anzahl von Vertriebenen erhöht. Fluchterfahrungen und traumatische Erlebnisse können zu langfristigen psychischen Problemen ...führen. Die Prävalenz und der Schweregrad psychischer Belastungen variieren jedoch angesichts unterschiedlicher demografischer Faktoren. Weibliche Flüchtlinge erfahren aufgrund ihres Geschlechts häufig eine besonders starke Benachteiligung und psychische Belastung.
Methode
Im Rahmen einer Querschnittstudie wurden
n
= 389 Personen ab 18 Jahren befragt, die nach dem Ausbruch des Krieges in der Ukraine in Deutschland Zuflucht gesucht haben. Zur Erhebung des allgemeinen Gesundheitszustands und der psychischen Belastungen sowie der sozioökonomischen und soziodemografischen Merkmale der Befragten wurde ein standardisierter Fragebogen, übersetzt in die ukrainische Sprache, eingesetzt.
Ergebnisse
Frauen bewerteten ihre psychische Gesundheit negativer als Männer. Etwa 52 % der Männer und 69 % der Frauen schliefen aufgrund von Sorgen „schlechter“ oder „viel schlechter“ als üblich. Von leichten bis schweren depressiven Symptomen sowie von Angst berichteten 85 % aller Teilnehmenden. Im Vergleich zu den Männern gaben die Frauen mehr als doppelt so häufig an, unter schweren Depressions- oder Angstsymptomen zu leiden.
Diskussion
Ein hoher Anteil der aus der Ukraine Geflüchteten weist psychische Belastungen auf. Bei den geflüchteten Frauen sind psychische Belastungen signifikant stärker ausgeprägt als bei den Männern. Weitere geschlechtersensible Studien sind erforderlich, um Faktoren zu ermitteln, die die Vulnerabilität von aus der Ukraine geflüchteten Frauen erklären können und Ansatzpunkte für präventive Angebote liefern.
Schlussfolgerung
Zur Sichtbarmachung von und Sensibilisierung für psychische Belastungen bei unkrainischen Frauen sollten Interventionen unter Berücksichtigung des Zusammenwirkens von (biologischen) Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren, geschlechtsspezifischen Postmigrationsstressoren und intersektionalen Diskriminierungen geplant und angeboten werden.
Abstract
Background
The war in Ukraine has increased the number of displaced people worldwide. Experiences of flight and trauma can lead to long-term mental health problems. The prevalence and severity of mental distress vary, given different demographic factors. Female refugees often experience particularly severe disadvantages and psychological distress due to their gender.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study,
n
= 389 participants aged 18 years and older who sought refuge in Germany after the outbreak of war in Ukraine were interviewed. A standardized questionnaire in Ukrainian was used to assess the general health status and psychological distress as well as the socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants.
Results
Women respondents rated their mental health more negatively than men. About 52% of men and 69% of women slept worse or much worse than usual because of worries. Mild to severe depressive symptoms and anxiety were reported by 85% of all participants. Compared with men, women were more than twice as likely to report severe depressive or anxiety symptoms.
Discussion
A high proportion of refugees who fled from Ukraine show psychological distress. Among refugee women, psychological distress is significantly more pronounced than among men. Further gender-sensitive studies are needed to identify factors that can explain the vulnerability of women who have fled from Ukraine and provide starting points for preventive services.
Conclusion
In order to emphasize and sensitize (psychological) stress in Ukrainian women, interventions should be planned and offered, taking into account the interaction of (biological) vulnerability factors, gender-related post-migration stressors and intersectional discrimination.
The Full Event Interpretation Keck, T.; Abudinén, F.; Bernlochner, Florian U. ...
Computing and software for big science,
12/2019, Letnik:
3, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The full event interpretation is presented: a new exclusive tagging algorithm used by the high-energy physics experiment Belle II. The experimental setup of Belle II allows the precise measurement of ...otherwise inaccessible
B
meson decay modes. The Full Event Interpretation algorithm enables many of these measurements. The algorithm relies on machine learning to automatically identify plausible
B
meson decay chains based on the data recorded by the detector. Compared to similar algorithms employed by previous experiments, the Full Event Interpretation provides a greater efficiency, yielding a larger effective sample size usable in the measurement.
10 of the 13 federal states presented their structures, implementation methods and results as part of the nationwide workshop for children's preventative medicine and early recognition projects for ...Germany on 9th September 2011 in Frankfurt am Main. This was the first time a full overview of all programmes of this kind in Germany has been possible. The programmes and data from these 10 presentations were analysed and compared. Despite the many differences between the legal frameworks and structural implementation, the programmes also displayed similarities in the implementation and in the problems which arise. Significantly improved participation rates for early recognition check-ups have been achieved in the context of the programmes. Previously, only a few detailed evaluations for the detection of risks to children's welfare and other effects such as vaccination rates and improvements in children's health through more advice and care were available.
We report the result for a search for the leptonic decay of B+→μ+νμ using the full Belle dataset of 711 fb−1 of integrated luminosity at the ϒ(4S) resonance. In the Standard Model leptonic B-meson ...decays are helicity and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa suppressed. To maximize sensitivity an inclusive tagging approach is used to reconstruct the second B meson produced in the collision. The directional information from this second B meson is used to boost the observed μ into the signal B-meson rest frame, in which the μ has a monochromatic momentum spectrum. Though its momentum is smeared by the experimental resolution, this technique improves the analysis sensitivity considerably. Analyzing the μ momentum spectrum in this frame we find B(B+→μ+νμ)=(5.3±2.0±0.9)×10−7 with a one-sided significance of 2.8 standard deviations over the background-only hypothesis. This translates to a frequentist upper limit of B(B+→μ+νμ)<8.6×10−7 at 90% confidence level. The experimental spectrum is then used to search for a massive sterile neutrino, B+→μ+N, but no evidence is observed for a sterile neutrino with a mass in a range of 0–1.5 GeV. The determined B+→μ+νμ branching fraction limit is further used to constrain the mass and coupling space of the type II and type III two-Higgs-doublet models.
Study of γγ→γψ(2S) at Belle Wang, X. L.; Aihara, H.; Asner, D. M. ...
Physical review. D,
06/2022, Letnik:
105, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Using 980 fb-1 of data at and around the Υ(nS)(n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) resonances collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider, the two-photon process γγ → γψ(2S) is ...studied from the threshold to 4.2 GeV for the first time. Two structures are seen in the invariant mass distribution of γψ(2S): one at MR1 = 3922.4 ± 6.5 ± 2.0 MeV/c2 with a width of ΓR1 = 22 ± 17 ± 4 MeV, and another at MR2 = 4014.3 ± 4.0 ± 1.5 MeV/c2 with a width of ΓR2 = 4 ± 11 ± 6 MeV; the signals are parametrized with the incoherent sum of two Breit- Wigner functions. The first structure is consistent with the X(3915) or the χc2(3930), and the local statistical significance is determined to be 3.1σ with the systematic uncertainties included. The second matches none of the known charmonium or charmonium like states, and its global significance is determined to be 2.8σ including the look-elsewhere effect. The production rates are Γγγ B(R1 → γψ(2S)) = 9.8 ± 3.6 ± 1.2 eV assuming (JPC, |λ|) = (0++, 0) or 2.0 ± 0.7 ± 0.2 eV with (2++, 2) for the first structure and Γγγ B(R2 → γψ(2S)) = 6.2 ± 2.2 ± 0.8 eV with (0++, 0) or 1.2 ± 0.4 ± 0.2 eV with (2++, 2) for the second one. Furthermore, the first errors are statistical and the second systematic, and λ is the helicity.
We report measurements of the branching fractions of singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays Λc+ → pη and Λc+ → pπ0 using the full Belle data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 980.6 ...fb−1. The data were collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB e+ e− asymmetric energy collider. A clear Λ + c signal is seen in the invariant mass distribution of p η . The fitted number of signal events of the Λc+ → pη process is 7734 ± 263 ; from this, we measure the ratio of branching fractions B ( Λc+→ pη ) / B ( Λc+ → pK− π+ ) = 2.258 ± 0. 077 ( stat ) ± 0.122 ( syst ) × 10 − 2 , from which we infer the branching fraction B ( Λc+ → pη ) = 1.42 ± 0.05 ( stat ) ± 0.11 ( syst ) × 10−3. In addition, no significant signal for Λc+ → pπ0 is found, so an upper limit on the branching fraction of B ( Λc+ → pπ0) < 8.0 × 10−5 at a 90% credibility level is set, more than 3 times better than the best current upper limit.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es gibt Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass die Gefahr von Kindesmisshandlung, sexuellem Kindesmissbrauch und Vernachlässigung während der strengen Kontaktbeschränkungen im ...pandemiebedingten Lockdown zugenommen hat, während der Wegfall der gewohnten Mechanismen zur sozialen Kontrolle mutmaßlich zu einer Zunahme des Dunkelfelds geführt hat.
Ziel der Arbeit
Anhand der Kinderschutzfallzahlen und -qualitäten deutscher Kinderkliniken und Kinderschutzambulanzen sollen Aussagen über Häufigkeit und Schwere vermuteter Kindeswohlgefährdung während des pandemiebedingten Lockdowns getroffen werden.
Methoden
Im Mai 2020 erfolgte eine Onlinebefragung mit Items a) zur Beschreibung der Institution, b) zur nach Alter, Gewaltform und Schweregrad differenzierten Anzahl von Kinderschutzfällen in März/April 2019 und 2020 sowie c) zu Besonderheiten und Ideen für den Kinderschutz während der Pandemie.
Ergebnisse
In einer Vollerhebung wurden 343 Kinderkliniken und medizinische Kinderschutzambulanzen zur Onlinebefragung eingeladen; die Teilnahmequote lag bei 46 %. Es gaben 81 Einrichtungen Gesamtfallzahlen für März/April 2019 und März/April 2020 an. Bei den Ambulanzen konnte ein Rückgang von 454 auf 387 Fälle (−15 %) verzeichnet werden, bei den Kinderschutzgruppen von 307 auf 246 (−20 %). Hinsichtlich der Altersgruppen und der Formen der Gefährdung fanden sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede.
Schlussfolgerung
Die Untersuchung beschreibt einen Rückgang der absoluten Fallzahlen im medizinischen Kinderschutz während des Lockdowns im März und im April 2020. Dieses Ergebnis stützt die Vermutung, dass das Dunkelfeld gefährdeter Kinder weiter gestiegen sein könnte. Weitere Datenerhebungen nach dem Lockdown werden die längerfristigen Auswirkungen besser bewerten können.
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