Elements of each system and their interrelationships can be represented using models simulating reality. Analysis of the problem with the use of modeling methods facilitates the identification of the ...problem, its diagnosis and assessment of data quality. In this study, the method of semantic modeling, based on the principles of system analysis was used. The thematic scope of the publication covers the use of these methods in order to develop a model of cadastral data in Poland. Real estate cadastre is one of the most important information systems in the world, based on the spatial data of geodetic and legal nature. It is therefore important to define appropriately its purpose, scope of data and the links between objects, subjects and their assigned rights. The methods of system analysis are widely used for this purpose around the world. By using of these methods the schematic diagram of the multi-purpose cadastre in Poland was developed, along with the model of sources and types of cadastral information. Particular attention was paid to modeling of the scope and content of spatial data. The basic assumption of the functionality of the cadastral system is the interoperability of data, from selected databases collecting information about cadastral objects with the use of thematic groups if the INSPIRE Directive. Spatial conditions of data interoperability of modeled multi-purpose cadastre based on current law conditions in Poland were presented in this paper.
The aim of this paper is to present the need for changes of geodetic-legal procedures for the cadastre and real estate management. This problem was analyzed both in theoretical and practical terms. ...In order to better present the analyzed technical and legal procedures, a study of several cases of surveying documentation was made. On their example the problems associated with the surveying services were shows and the formal and legal procedures, on the basis of which described surveying works were done were verified. The problem presented is current and valid not only for the comfort of the surveyor's work, but also from the point of view of the structure and modernization of the real estate cadastre, constituting the backbone of the real estate management. The article emphasized the need to unify the databases of state registers and the digitization of the National Geodetic and Cartographic Resources (PZDGiK). Research has shown that despite the continuous changes of legislation, there are still many shortcomings and gaps, which often complicate the surveying works. The surveyor must analyze and verify all materials he uses, including those obtained from the Centre of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation (ODGiK). The quality of the geodetic and cartographic elaboration depends largely on the work of the Centre of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation. The need of modernization of the Land and Buildings Registry, which acts as a cadastre in Poland, has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the unification of data used as reference systems both for plane coordinates and elevation has been proposed.
An efficiently operating cadastral system may provide the basis for all processes for the purposes of rational and effective property management. The cadastre existing in Poland originates from the ...13th century’s tradition of land management. However, the work on the construction of an IT cadastral system was only initiated with the issuance of Regulation on the Land and Property Register in 1996. The implementation of its provisions resulted in errors visible in the cadastral documentation up to the present day. Currently, the Land and Property Register i.e. a public register serves the function of the cadastre in Poland. Regulation of 1996 initiated the stage of transition of (both descriptive and graphic) documents from analogue forms to digital data carriers. Most often, this was done by means of scanning or digitisation of the existing resources. As demonstrated by earlier studies, the process often failed to include the updating of maps and the verification of the compliance of the descriptive part of the Register Documentation with its graphic part. Moreover, significant inconsistencies were observed between the data originating from the Land and Property Register and the Land and Mortgage Register i.e. a register of rights to properties. Low accuracy of the cadastral data, and the incompleteness of sets of spatial data about cadastral objects create a significant barrier to the construction of a modern cadastral system in Poland. This study constitutes the analysis for the construction of a multidimensional cadastre in Poland, and to identify the groups of problems associated with its implementation. Based on detailed analyses of regulation and conducted case studies, a possibility was indicated for a gradual evolution of cadastral data from the 2D dimension to 3D. The study considered technical and legal conditions of designing cadastral systems worldwide. The proposed solution offers an opportunity to accelerate the construction of a cadastral system which is an effective tool of property management policy in Poland.
The object of the paper is to analyze the spatial structure of land and identification of the needs of consolidation works and exchange of land in the villages of the Sławno municipality, lying in ...the district of Opoczno, in the Łódzkie Voivodship. The authors use the method of zero unitarisation for the purposes of determining the order of undertaking consolidation works and exchange of land in the area of research. The basis for calculation is the database of 19 factors (x1–x19) characteristic for the listed five groups of issues, describing each of the following villages. The obtained results, in a form of synthetic meter for each village, allowed creating the hierarchy of the urgency of carrying out consolidation works. The problem of excessive fragmentation of farms, constituting the collections of a certain number of parcels, in a broader sense, is one of the elements that prevent the acceleration of reforms by conversion of the Land and Buildings Register (EGiB) in a full valuable real estate cadastre in Poland. The importance of the problem is highlighted by the fact that there are ecological grounds in the study area, significant from the point of view of environmental protection.
Throughout the past decades ultrasonography did not prove to be a procedure of choice if regarded as part of the routine bedside examination. The reason was the assumption defining the lungs and the ...bone structures as impenetrable by ultrasound. Only during the recent several years has the approach to the use of such tool in clinical daily routines changed dramatically to offer so-called point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS). Both vertical and horizontal artefacts became valuable sources of information about the patient's clinical condition, assisting therefore the medical practitioner in differential diagnosis and monitoring of the patient. What is important is that the information is delivered in real time, and the procedure itself is non-invasive. The next stage marking the progress made in this area of diagnostic imaging is the development of arti-ficial intelligence (AI) based on machine learning algorithms. This article is intended to present the available, innovative solutions of the ultrasound systems, including Smart B-line technology, to ensure automatic identification process, as well as interpretation of B-lines in the given lung area of the examined patient. The article sums up the state of the art in ultrasound artefacts and AI applied in POCUS.
Artificial intelligence has now changed regional anesthesia, facilitating, therefore, the application of the regional block under the USG guidance. Innovative technological solutions make it possible ...to highlight specific anatomical structures in the USG image in real time, as needed for regional block. This contribution presents such technological solutions as U-Net architecture, BPSegData and Nerveblox and the basis for independent assisting systems in the use of regional blocks, e.g., ScanNav Anatomy PNB or the training system NeedleTrainer. The article describes also the systems integrated with the USG devices, such as Mindray SmartNerve or GE cNerve as well as the robotic system Magellan which substantially increases the patient's safety, time needed for the regional block and quality of the procedure. All the solutions presented in this article facilitate the performance of regional blocks by less experienced physicians and appear as an excellent educational tool which, at the same time, improves the availability of the more and more popular regional anesthesia. Will, therefore, artificial intelligence replace physicians in regional block procedures? This seems unlikely. It will, however, assist them in a significant manner, contributing to better effectiveness and improved safety of the patient.
The diagnostic process in Intensive Care Units has been revolutionized by ultrasonography and accelerated by artificial intelligence. Patients in critical condition are often sonoanatomically ...challenging, with time constraints being an additional stress factor. In this paper, we describe the technology behind the development of AI systems to support diagnostic ultrasound in intensive care units. Among the AI-based solutions, the focus was placed on systems supporting cardiac ultrasound, such as Smart-VTI, Auto-VTI, SmartEcho Vue, AutoEF, Us2.ai, and Real Time EF. Solutions to assist hemodynamic assessment based on the evaluation of the inferior vena cava, such as Smart-IVC or Auto-IVC, as well as to facilitate ultrasound assessment of the lungs, such as Smart B-line or Auto B-line, and to help in the estimation of gastric contents, such as Auto Gastric Antrum, were also discussed. All these solutions provide doctors with support by making it easier to obtain appropriate diagnostically correct ultrasound images by automatically performing time-consuming measurements and enabling real-time analysis of the obtained data. Artificial intelligence will most likely be used in the future to create advanced systems facilitating the diagnostic and therapeutic process in intensive care units.
A Comparison of Cadastre in Slovakia and Poland Jurkiewicz, Magdalena; Hudecová, Ľubica; Kyseľ, Peter ...
Slovak journal of civil engineering,
03/2023, Letnik:
31, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Many analogies can be drawn from the cadastre in Poland and Slovakia, because of the partly shared history of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, World Wars I and II, and the influence of the Communist ...regime. However, its development over the years has taken different forms and rules of operation in both countries. Currently, from a European perspective, there are efforts to standardise cadastral systems to expand their functionality for land administration and to accommodate social needs.
The aim of this article is to discuss and provide a detailed comparative analysis of the general principles of the cadastre in Slovakia and Poland. The study shows similarities but also many differences between the systems in both countries, which indicates that it could be a difficult path to unify the cadastral systems within the European Union. A comparison of the solutions used in other countries allows us to see potential opportunities for the development and modernisation of the existing cadastral systems.
The article describes a detailed analysis of the modernisation procedure for cadastral data in Poland in both theoretical and practical aspects. Modernisation of the cadastral system is an essential ...tool to ensure both the continuity in time and the timeliness of cadastral data. In Poland, the function of the Cadastre is served by a public register known as the Land and Building Cadastre which records the actual data on the ground, resulting from the current state of ownership or use. Legal data are stored in a separate register known as the Land and Mortgage Register. The Cadastre in Poland has numerous disadvantages; however, its advantage is that no construction of the system anew is required. The existing cadastral data need to be skilfully used, and the quality of cadastral data needs to be adjusted to international requirements through the use of technical and legal guidelines in the field of modernisation. The research material consisted of source texts of existing legal provisions equivalent to an act of legislature and implementing regulations as well as technical documentation for modernisation works performed in southern Poland (Małopolskie Voivodeship). The method of comparative analysis of the compliance of modernisation work results with national requirements was applied. An analysis of the adopted indicators for cadastral data evaluation, using the selected example, showed that the properly performed modernisation of the Land and Building Cadastre may become a tool for improving the land management and administration process.
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