A developing animal is exposed to both intrinsic and extrinsic stresses. One stress response is caspase activation. Caspase activation not only controls apoptosis but also proliferation, ...differentiation, cell shape, and cell migration. Caspase activation drives development by executing cell death or nonapoptotic functions in a cell-autonomous manner, and by secreting signaling molecules or generating mechanical forces, in a noncell autonomous manner.
Search for Nucleon Decay in Super-Kamiokande Miura, M.
Nuclear and particle physics proceedings,
April-June 2016, 2016-04-00, 2016-04-01, Letnik:
273-275, Številka:
C
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Nucleon decay search is one of key for opening a door to Grand Unified Theories (GUTs). A favored proton decay mode by GUTs based on SU(5) symmetry is p→e+π0. On the other hand, SUSY moderated GUTs ...prefer p→νK+. The Super-Kamiokande, a large water cherenkov detector, has been running more than 10 years and it is suitable for the nucleon decay search. In this paper, the latest results of nucleon decay searches in Super-Kamiokande are summarized.
Choline requirements for dairy cattle are unknown. However, enhanced postruminal supply of choline may increase flux through the methionine cycle to spare Met for other functions such as protein ...synthesis and phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis during periods of negative nutrient balance (NNB). The objective was to investigate the effects of postruminal choline supply during a feed restriction-induced NNB on hepatic abundance and phosphorylation of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin)-related signaling proteins, hepatic lipidome and plasma AA. Ten primiparous rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (158 ± 24 DIM) were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 4 d of treatment and 10 d of recovery (14 d/period). Treatments were unrestricted intake with abomasal infusion of water, restricted intake (R; 60% of net energy for lactation requirements to induce NNB) with abomasal infusion of water (R0) or restriction plus abomasal infusion of 6.25, 12.5, or 25 g/d choline ion. Liver tissue was collected via biopsy on d 5 after infusions ended and used for Western blot analysis to measure proteins involved in mTOR signaling and untargeted lipidomics. Blood was collected on d 1 to 5 for plasma AA analysis. Statistical contrasts for protein and AA data were A0 versus R0 (CONT1), R0 versus the average of choline dose (CONT2) and tests of linear and quadratic effects of choline dose. Analysis of lipidomic data were performed with the web-based metabolomic processing tool MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Ratios of p-RPS6KB1:tRPS6KB1, p-EEF2:tEEF2, and p-EIF2:tEIF2 were greater with R (CONT1). Among those, supply of choline led to decreases in p-EEF2:tEEF2 (CONT2), p-EIF2:tEIF2 and tended to decrease p-EIF4BP1:tEIF4BP1. However, the effect was quadratic only for p-EEF2:tEEF2 and p-EIF2A:tEIF2A, reaching a nadir at 6.25 to 12.5 g/d choline ion. The ratio of p-RPS6KB1:tRPS6KB1 was not affected by supply of choline and was close to 2-fold greater at 25 g/d choline versus A0. Plasma Met concentration decreased with R (CONT1), but increased linearly with choline. Restriction also increased plasma 3-methyl-histidine (CONT1). The partial least squares discriminant analysis model of liver lipids distinguished treatments, with 13.4% of lipids being modified by treatment. One-way ANOVA identified 109 lipids with a false discovery rate ≤0.05. The largest group identified was PC species; all 35 detected decreased with R versus A0, but there were few differences among choline treatments. Overall, data suggested that dephosphorylation of EEF2 and EIF2A due to enhanced choline supply potentially helped maintain or increase protein synthesis during NNB. While activation of mTOR was not altered by choline, this idea of increased protein synthesis is partly supported by the increased circulating Met. However, enhanced postruminal choline had limited effects on the species of lipid produced during a period of NNB.
What did it mean to be happy in early modern Europe? Positive
emotions in early modern literature and culture includes
essays that reframe historical understandings of emotional life in
the ...Renaissance, focusing on under-studied feelings such as mirth,
solidarity, and tranquillity. Methodologically diverse and
interdisciplinary, these essays draw from the history of emotions,
affect theory and the contemporary social and cognitive sciences to
reveal rich and sustained cultural attention in the early modern
period to these positive feelings. The book also highlights
culturally distinct negotiations of the problematic binary between
what constitutes positive and negative emotions. A comprehensive
introduction and afterword open multiple paths for research into
the histories of good feeling and their significances for
understanding present constructions of happiness and wellbeing.
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is known to recur after surgery. The treatment choice for recurrent ECRS, such as oral steroids or biological agents, must be chosen carefully, and ...identifying the lesion location may be useful. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative course of ECRS patients and assess the relationship between endoscopic lesion location and postoperative oral steroid use.
Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery from April 2018 to March 2020 were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of oral steroid use after surgery. The primary endpoint was the lesion location on endoscopic findings during surgery: middle turbinate, middle meatus, superior turbinate, superior meatus, nasal septum, and sphenoethmoidal recess. Subjective symptoms, blood tests, and computerized tomography (CT) findings (Lund-Mackay score) were evaluated as secondary endpoints.
Among 264 patients, 88 were diagnosed histologically with ECRS (mean 48.98 ± 1.40 years, 67 males/21 females). Twenty-three patients were steroid-using, 65 were steroid-free, and six stopped attending their appointments. Patients with sphenoethmoidal recess lesions were significantly more likely to require steroids (p = 0.019). There was a significant association between steroid use and younger age (p = 0.041), olfactory dysfunction (p = 0.021), and all sinuses (Frontal sinus: p < 0.001, Anterior ethmoid sinus: p = 0.002, Posterior ethmoid sinus: p = 0.011, Maxillary sinus: p = 0.018, Sphenoid sinus: p = 0.034, Total score: p < 0.001).
A sphenoethmoidal recess lesion was a risk factor for requiring postoperative steroids. Young age, olfactory dysfunction, and preoperative severe CT findings were also significant risk factors.
3 Laryngoscope, 2023.
Human post-natal stem cells possess a great potential to be utilized in stem-cell-mediated clinical therapies and tissue engineering. It is not known whether cryopreserved human tissues contain ...functional post-natal stem cells. In this study, we utilized human periodontal ligament to test the hypothesis that cryopreserved human periodontal ligament contains retrievable post-natal stem cells. These cryopreserved periodontal ligament stem cells maintained normal periodontal ligament stem cell characteristics, including expression of the mesenchymal stem cell surface molecule STRO-1, single-colony-strain generation, multipotential differentiation, cementum/periodontal-ligament-like tissue regeneration, and a normal diploid karyotype. Collectively, this study provides valuable evidence demonstrating a practical approach to the preservation of solid-frozen human tissues for subsequent post-natal stem cell isolation and tissue regeneration. The present study demonstrates that human post-natal stem cells can be recovered from cryopreserved human periodontal ligament, thereby providing a practical clinical approach for the utilization of frozen tissues for stem cell isolation.
Summary
What is known and objective
The risk of new‐onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in Japanese patients using low‐dose hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) has not been ...previously examined. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of NODM associated with use of high‐ and low‐potency statins in Japanese patients taking low‐dose statins.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 2554 Japanese patients who started treatment with a statin was conducted. Only patients taking the same dose of the same statin were enrolled, and patients were separated into high‐ and low‐potency statin groups. The outcome was incidence of NODM during statin treatment.
Results
The incidence rate of NODM in the cohort was 7.4% (n = 190). Kaplan‐Meier survival curves showed a significantly higher rate of NODM in patients taking high‐potency statins compared with those taking low‐potency statins (P < .001, log‐rank test). Baseline fasting plasma glucose levels, use of high‐potency statins, male gender and combination treatment with calcium channel blockers, immunosuppressants or steroids were identified as factors that significantly increased the risk for NODM using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.
What is new and conclusion
The use of high‐potency statins at a low standard daily dose significantly increased the risk of NODM in Japanese patients compared with low‐potency statins. Furthermore, clinicians should also be careful when prescribing statins in combination with steroids or immunosuppressants due to the increased risk of NODM.
According to this study, the use of high‐potency statins (atorvastatin, pitavastatin, and rosuvastatin) at a low standard daily dose in Japanese patients significantly increased the risk of new‐onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) compared with low‐potency statins (fluvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin).
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