Net-baryon, net-charge and net-strangeness number fluctuations in high energy heavy-ion collisions are discussed within the framework of a hadron resonance gas (HRG) model. Ratios of the conserved ...number susceptibilities calculated in HRG are being compared to the corresponding experimental measurements to extract information about the freeze-out condition and the phase structure of systems with strong interactions. We emphasize the importance of considering the actual experimental acceptances in terms of kinematics (pseudorapidity (η) and transverse momentum (pT)), the detected charge state, effect of collective motion of particles in the system and the resonance decay contributions before comparisons are made to the theoretical calculations. In this work, based on HRG model, we report that the net-baryon number fluctuations are least affected by experimental acceptances compared to the net-charge and net-strangeness number fluctuations.
Arsenic contamination in water has posed severe health problems around the world. In spite of the availability of some conventional techniques for arsenic removal from contaminated water, development ...of new laboratory based techniques along with enhancement and cost reduction of conventional techniques are essential for the benefit of common people.
This paper provides an overview of the arsenic issue in water such as modes of contamination of ground water as well as surface water by arsenic, its metabolism and health impacts, factors influencing arsenic poisoning, fundamentals of arsenic poisoning mechanism and world scenario of arsenic poisoning. It discusses and compares the conventional laboratory based techniques, like precipitation with alum, iron, Fe/Mn, lime softening, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, ion exchanges, adsorption on activated alumina/carbon, etc., for arsenic removal from contaminated water. It also discusses the best available techniques and mentions the cost comparison among these techniques too. Recent developments in the research on the laboratory based arsenic removal techniques, like improvement of conventional techniques and advances in removal technology along with its scopes and limitations have also been reviewed.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight an innovative approach to explore and evaluate the sustainability perspectives in e-commerce channels for additive manufacturing (AM). This approach ...helps the stakeholders to perform strategic planning dependent on a scenario-based analysis.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper structures the problem of understanding the sustainability perspectives of e-commerce channels for AM using value-focused thinking to identify the related fundamental objectives. These objectives assist in creating dynamic scenarios based on fuzzy cognitive maps of different e-commerce channels for AM.
Findings
To evaluate the proposed research methodology, four scenarios were developed for each e-commerce channel for AM. The exploration and evaluation of one of these scenarios assisted in explaining the whereabouts of the process to aid in strategizing decision situations and understanding these channels better from the sustainability perspective.
Practical implications
The approach presented in this paper can be used by the practitioners to perform strategic planning for prioritizing sustainability in e-commerce channels for AM; considering the consequences and trade-offs wrt the other factors. Moreover, the scenario-based analysis can be performed depending on the problem requirements of the stakeholder.
Originality/value
The paper addresses the gap of understanding the theoretical aspect of the sustainability perspective in e-commerce channels for AM and the practical aspect of exploring and evaluating them. A scenario-based analysis for each e-commerce channel based on the fundamental objectives of sustainability provides insights for implementation and directions for future research.
QCD critical point is a landmark region in the QCD phase diagram outlined by temperature as a function of baryon chemical potential. To the right of this second-order phase transition point, one ...expects first order quark–hadron phase transition boundary, towards the left a crossover region, top of it lies the quark–gluon plasma phase and below it the hadronic phase. Hence locating the QCD critical point through relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments is an active area of research. Cumulants of conserved quantities in strong interaction, such as net-baryon, net-charge, and net-strangeness, are suggested to be sensitive to the physics of QCD critical point and are therefore useful observables in the study of the phase transition between quark–gluon plasma and hadronic matter. We review the experimental status of the search for the QCD critical point via the measurements of cumulants of net-particle distributions in heavy-ion collisions. We discuss various experimental challenges and associated corrections in such fluctuation measurements. We also comment on the physics implications of the measurements by comparing them with theoretical calculations. This is followed by a discussion on future experiments and measurements related to high baryonic density QCD matter.
Blast-induced fracture networks largely control the degree of rock fragmentation and final outcome of blasting operations. Precise laboratory-scale single-hole blast experiments have been carried out ...in cylindrical samples of a well-characterized granitic rock to study stress wave induced fracture patterns. The rock samples measured 144 mm in diameter and 150 mm in length. Detonating cord was employed as the explosive source in the centrally loaded boreholes in the rock samples. In this paper, the measured mechanical properties, experienced peak pressure values inside the rock samples and blast-induced fracture patterns are used to find the parameters of Johnson-Holmquist model in ANSYS AUTODYN. The resulting numerical fracture patterns are comparable to those obtained from experiments at macro-scale level.
► Results of laboratory-scale single-hole blast experiments are presented. ► By eliminating explosion gas penetration, only shock-induced cracks are considered. ► Johnson-Holmquist model in AUTODYN is calibrated for pressures and dynamic fractures. ► Model calibration is explained systematically for Barre granite. ► Resulting numerical fracture patterns are comparable to those from experiments.
•Our work gives an algorithm for GDM in a fuzzy and dynamic environment.•The pair-wise comparison of alternatives is used to obtain ranked list of alternatives.•Concept of recentness of members is ...defined for decision process in dynamic environment.•The efficiency of algorithm is tested with many synthetic data sets.•The methodology is compared with movie ranking case study discussed in the literature.
Our paper introduces a new methodology to solve group decision-making problems under fuzzy and dynamic environment. The methodology takes group members’ linguistically defined pair wise preferences of alternatives in different time intervals and aggregates them across the intervals to obtain each member's net preference levels. Each member's net preference levels are again aggregated across the members to obtain the group's preference. Our paper attaches higher importance to the members whose involvement in the decision process is more recent than the members who opined their views in the past. The fuzzy aggregation operator, IOWA (Induced Ordered Weighted Average) is used to aggregate their views in accordance to their importance in the group. The Ranked_List algorithm, introduced in our paper, inputs the aggregated views of the members in pair wise form and produces the set of sequences of ranked list of alternatives representing the group's consensus view as output. The Ranked_List algorithm is validated and analyzed through a series of synthetic data sets and its results are compared with a movie selection case study. The methodology is illustrated with a numerical example.
Single-hole blast-induced damage in a granitic outcrop has been assessed through both controlled experiments and numerical simulations with a combined finite-discrete element method (FEM–DEM). Damage ...tomographies from decoupled short and long explosive charges in flooded boreholes were obtained through a high-resolution cross-hole system, by measuring pre- and post-blast seismic velocities around the blastholes. Damage was assessed through crack density, which was calculated by inversion of P-wave velocity measurements through an Effective Medium Theory (EMT) method. The resulting damage was found to be highly asymmetrical around each blast hole, both along the vertical and horizontal planes, despite the apparent isotropy and homogeneity of the granitic rock mass. Experimental results combined with numerical simulations carried out to assess damage from stress waves alone, showed that most damage from experiments was caused by the expansion of gases, while its magnitude and extension were strongly dependent on confining conditions along the blasthole. The difficulty of quantifying the relative contribution of stress waves and gas expansion and the problems inherent in prediction of blast-induced damage are described.
•Seismic tomographies around single blastholes show strongly non-symmetrical damage.•Stress waves generate radial cracks at discrete intervals.•Fracture network is strongly conditioned by initial stress wave fractures.•Gases induce >95% of damage in confined, un-stemmed, decoupled, flooded blastholes.•Blast damage magnitude and extent are strongly dependent on explosive confinement.
Fracture toughness anisotropy in granitic rocks Nasseri, M.H.B.; Mohanty, B.
International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences (Oxford, England : 1997),
02/2008, Letnik:
45, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Four relatively fine grained and homogeneous granitic rocks have been studied to investigate the relationship between their microstructural properties and fracture toughness behaviour. The apparently ...homogeneous rocks have been found to exhibit strong anisotropy in terms of microcrack distribution and their orientation. The fracture toughness values for these rocks, measured with the cracked chevron notch Brazilian disc method (CCNBD), varied from 0.71 to 1.89
MPa
m
0.5, with similar variation observed within the same rock type depending on the specific fracture plane studied. The relationship between these variations and the corresponding microstructural properties along specified planes has been investigated in detail to show a strong correlation between the two. Further confirmation is provided by taking into account the seismic velocity anisotropy observed along the same specified directions. The nature of these variations and their effect on the resulting fracture path and surface are discussed. The results clearly show the difficulty in assigning a unique value of fracture toughness to rocks and rock-like materials without cognizance of their microstructural characteristics.
An outranking procedure for Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) problems is introduced in our work that acts as a decision-aid in recommending the products to the buyers. The buyer’s product ...assessment is taken as Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IVIFS) in each attribute. The confidence level that is implicit in the buyer’s product rating is explicated in the proposed work using fuzzy entropy. As the confidence level of the buyer on the product assessment is for both satisfaction and reluctance, it is suitably distributed in membership and non-membership parts of IVIFS. Our work generates a dominance matrix that represents partial or full dominance of one product over another after scoring the products that are unified with buyer’s confidence. The proposed work suggests the product ranking after ascertaining the buyer’s flexibility. An algorithm is written in our work to validate the procedure developed. We have compared our work with other similar works to highlight the benefits of the proposed work. A numerical example is illustrated to highlight the procedure developed.
The peristaltic transport phenomenon is due to the alternative process of contraction and relaxation of the channel walls, and the pumping process is exhibited from the fluid with lower pressure ...region to higher within the wavy channel. A simulation is carried out for an electrically conducting micropolar nanofluid within a wavy channel for the interaction of radiative heat energy and the heat source/sink. The conducting fluid comprised of the Brownian and thermophoresis forms a Buongiorno model nanofluid. The crux of this investigation is to bring out the analysis of the irreversibility process due to heat transfer with entropy generation. The impact of Joule heating characterizes within the upper/lower zeta potentials is also affecting the flow phenomena. However, the exploration on these concerns will offer a profound perceptive of peristaltic rheology in more realistic circumstances. Approximate analytical technique, i.e., Differential Transformation Method (DTM) is used to get the desired solution of the set of transformed governing equations using the in-built MATLAB code bvp4c. Further, the analysis of characterizing parameters involved in the flow phenomena is obtained and deployed via graphs. The highlighted outcomes are: the non-Newtonian characteristics are dominated by the Newtonian fluid for irrespective of the appearance/non-appearance of the micropolar parameter however, Brinkman number enriches the entropy due to the irreversibility in the thermal processes.
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