Purpose
Adipocytes and osteoblasts were derived from a common progenitor, and canola oil intake may have an adipogenic and osteogenic effect. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effect on ...adipocyte, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and bone of canola oil as main lipid source on the diet during development.
Methods
After weaning, rats were divided into two groups (
n
= 10 per group): control (S) and experimental (C) diets containing 7 mL/100 g soybean or canola oil, respectively. At 60 days, body composition, liver and intra-abdominal fat mass, adipocyte morphology, serum analysis, femur and lumbar vertebras density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography were determined. Differences were considered significant with
P
< 0.05.
Results
C group showed the following: lower liver (−12%) and intra-abdominal fat mass (−19%) area of adipocyte (−60%), cholesterol (−33%), insulin (−22%), lower total body (−9%) and spine (−33%) bone mineral content and bone area (−7 and −24%, respectively), femur mass (−9%), width of the diaphysis (−6%), femur (−10%) and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density (−9%), and radiodensity of femoral head (−8%).
Conclusions
The lower intra-abdominal adiposity could have more beneficial effects in a short term, since it can be associated with a better insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, than the small reduction in femur and lumbar vertebra density. However, it has to be considered the incremental effect of this reduction along the aging process.
End-to-end anastomosis and extended end-to-end anastomosis are typically used as surgical approaches to coarctation of the aorta (CoAo) with access at the subclavian artery or an interposition graft. ...The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of surgical and anatomical characteristics and techniques on early outcomes after surgical treatment of CoAo without cardiopulmonary bypass through left thoracotomy.
This is a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional analysis of patients who underwent repair of CoAo between July 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017. Seventy-two patients were divided into three groups according to age: 34 in group A (≤ 30 days), 24 in group B (31 days to one year), and 14 in group C (≥ 1 year to 18 years).
Aortic arch hypoplasia was associated in 30.8% of the cases, followed by ventricular septal defect (13.2%). The preductal location was more frequent in group A (73.5%), ductal in group B (41.7%), and postductal in group C (71.4%). Long coarcted segment was predominant in groups A and C (61.8% and 71.4%, respectively) and localized in group B (58.3%). Extended end-to-end anastomosis technique was prevalent (68%), mainly in group A (91.2%). Mortality in 30 days was 1.4%.
Most of the patients were children under one year of age, and extended end-to-end anastomosis was the most used technique, secondary to arch hypoplasia. Further, overall mortality was low in spite of moderate morbidity in the first 30 postoperative days.
Objectives: The COVID-19 infection was declared pandemic in March 2020. Since then, multiple studies have attempted to correlate clinical factors with the risk of complications from COVID-19. ...However, cancer patients are underrepresented in clinical trials and the results vary between different cohorts. Our goal is to describe a cohort of cancer patients and COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study, based on a systematic review of medical records, including nine cancer centers, located in five different Brazilian cities. Patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 through RT-PCR between March 15th, 2020, and August 13th, 2020. Poisson regression models were then used to test for an association between clinical characteristics and severity of COVID-19 infections. Results: 102 patients had data collected for analysis, 85 (83.3%) of whom were hospitalized due to complications from COVID-19 infection. The median age was 65.8 years, most were female patients (61.8%) and white (73,5%). 78.4% had a performance status of 0-1, and the most common cancer subtypes were gastrointestinal (30.4%), breast (22.6%), and hematological (13.7%). Almost 40% of the population had stage IV disease. The mortality rate for all hospitalized patients was 36.5%, while that for those admitted to ICU was 68.4%. Key univariable risk factors for mortality included age (RR 1.03), ECOG = 2 (RR 1.83), hypertension (RR 1.72), lung metastasis (RR 1.67), and lymphocytes = 1000 admission (RR 2.40). At the multivariable analysis, the risk factors were also age (RR 1.02), primary lung cancer (RR 2.61), lung metastasis (RR 2.86), and coronary disease (RR 3.76). Conclusions: Despite the high mortality of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, cancer is a heterogeneous disease and some risk factors should be considered as the main responsible for the worst prognosis. Cancer patients should be carefully monitored in pandemic periods of infectious diseases and their management must be individualized.
The Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) was developed to improve survival prediction for advanced cancer patients. However, there is limited data about the PPI application in a real-world scenario. ...This study aimed to assess the accuracy of PPI > 6 in predicting survival of cancer inpatients.
A prospective observational cohort in an inpatient palliative care service at a tertiary hospital in São Paulo-SP, Brazil, between May 2011 and December 2018.
We included 1,376 critically ill cancer inpatients. Patients were divided into three PPI subgroups: PPI ≤ 4, PPI 4-6, and PPI ≥ 6. Their respective medium overall survival values were 44 days (95% confidence interval CI 35.52-52.47), 20 days (95% CI 15.40-24.59), and 8 days (95% CI 7.02-8.98), (
< 0.001). PPI ≥ 6 predicted survival of <3 weeks with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 72% and an negative predictive value (NPV) of 68% (sensitivity 67%, specificity 72%). PPI > 4 predicted survival of <6 weeks with a PPV of 88% and an NPV of 36% (sensitivity 74%, specificity 59%). When PPI was <4, the mortality rate over 3 weeks was 39% with a relative risk (RR) of 0.15 (95% CI 0.11-0.20;
< 0.001), and the 6-week mortality rate was 63% with a RR of 0.18 (95% CI 0.13-0.25;
< 0.001) compared to PPI ≥ 4.
PPI was a good discriminator of survival among critically ill cancer inpatients and could assist in hospital discharge decision. PPI may help healthcare policymakers and professionals in offering high-quality palliative care to patients.
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate, in rats, the open field videothermometry in real time while performing left pneumonectomy for early diagnosis of cardiopulmonary changes. Methods: Twelve non-specific ...pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups; pneumectomy group (GP) and sham surgery group (GS). Mean arterial pressure, videothermometry in real time, of the right lung, and histopathological analysis of the remaining lung were evaluated in all animals. Results: Videothermometry in real time allowed identification of temperature variance of right lung after pneumectomy, indicating a significant decrease in temperature during evaluation. There was a statistical difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2 and M0 and M2 (p<0.004) in GS, and significant difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2, and M2 and M0 with p<0.0001 in GP. Conclusions: Left pneumonectomy in rats shows initial histopathological changes after 60 minutes of its completion, indicating a possible compensation beginning. The open-field videothermometry in real time proved to be efficient identifying the temperature changes of the remaining lung.
Cerebral palsy (CP) can be described as a group of permanent non-progressive disorders that occur in the developing fetal or infant brain. Studies have shown that children and adolescents with CP ...have low cardiorespiratory fitness and higher energy expenditure during daily activities when compared to typical children. Therefore, interventions focused on the physical conditioning of this population could be critical.
To evaluate the effect of physical conditioning training on distance walked and maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂ max) in individuals with CP, through a systematic review.
Two independent researchers performed systematic searches in the PUBMED, SciELO, PEDro, ERIC, and Cochrane databases using the search terms "physical fitness", "aerobic training" or "endurance" combined with "cerebral palsy". Inclusion criteria: (1) population (children and adolescents with CP between 5 and 18 years old); (2) type of study (experimental studies); (3) type of intervention (physical conditioning protocols); (4) outcome (distance walked in the 6 min walking test - 6MWT, and VO₂ max).
386 studies were identified and 5 articles were considered eligible. After physical conditioning training, there was an increase of 46.34 m (p = 0.07) and 5.93. ml. kg-1. min −1 (p < 0.001) in the 6MWT and VO₂ max, respectively.
Physical conditioning training appears to be clinically beneficial to the cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents with CP.
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a narrowing of the thoracic aorta that often manifests as discrete stenosis but may be tortuous or in long segment. The study aimed to evaluate pre and post-surgical ...aspects of pediatric patients submitted to CoA surgical correction and to identify possible predisposing factors for aortic recoarctation.
Twenty-five patients were divided into groups according to presence (N=8) or absence (N=17) of recoarctation after surgical correction of CoA and evaluated according to clinical-demographic profile, vascular characteristics via computed angiotomography (CAT), and other pathological conditions.
Majority of males (64%), ≥ 15 days old (76%), ≥ 2.5 kg (80%). There was similarity between groups with and without recoarctation regarding sex (male: 87% vs. 53%; P=0.277), age (≥ 15 days: 62.5 vs. 82%; P=0.505), and weight (≥ 2.5 kg: 87.5 vs. 76.5; P=0,492). Altered values of aortic root/Valsalva diameter, proximal transverse arch, and distal isthmus, and normal values for aorta prevailed in preoperative CAT. Normal values for the aortic root/Valsalva sinus diameter were observed with and without recoarctation, the same for both groups regarding ascending and descending aorta in postoperative CAT. No significant difference for altered values of proximal transverse arch and alteration in distal isthmus was observed.
No predictive risk for recoarctation was observed. CTA proved to be important in CoA diagnosis and management, since CoA is mainly related with altered diameter of aortic root/sinus of Valsalva and proximal and distal aortic arch/isthmus, however, it failed to show predictive risk for recoarctation.
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have surfaced as a promising group of anticancer agents employing the precise targeting capacity of monoclonal antibodies to transport highly effective cytotoxic ...payloads. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, they aim to selectively eradicate cancer cells while minimizing off-target toxicity on healthy tissues. An increasing body of evidence has provided support for the efficacy of ADCs in treating breast cancer across various contexts and tumor subtypes, resulting in significant changes in clinical practice. Nevertheless, unlocking the full potential of these therapeutic agents demands innovative molecular designs to address complex clinical challenges, including drug resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment-related adverse events. This thorough review provides an in-depth analysis of the clinical data on ADCs, offering crucial insights from pivotal clinical trials that assess the efficacy of ADCs in diverse breast cancer settings. This aids in providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of ADCs in breast cancer therapy, while also providing valuable perspectives for the future.
Abstract only
Objective
To investigate the distribution of refractive errors and their association with ocular biometric data, family history and environment variables in medical university students ...of first to six semesters of UNIVAG - MT.
Methods
A general ophthalmological exam was performed including, corneal topography, and ocular optical biometry. Lens power has calculated by Bennett and Rozema’s formula. A questionnaire regarding family history of myopia and lifestyle visual activities was applied. Only university students with normal ophthalmological exams were included. Statistical significance was considered at the level of p<0.05.
Results
One hundred twenty-eight students were selected, whereas other 13 were excluded. The mean age was 21.28 ± 2.18 years. Forty-four (34.4%) participants were males. Regarding refractive errors, 18 (14.1%) were hyperopic, 41 (32%) were emmetropic, 61 (47.7%) were myopic, and 8 (6.3%) were high myopic. The mean and standard deviations of spherical equivalents, axial lengths, keratometries (K1 and K2), and lens powers were -1.27 ± 2.21 D, 24.17 ± 1.07 mm, 42.90 ± 1.25 D, 43.94 ± 1.37 D, and 22.62 ± 1.73 D, respectively. In relation to the family history of myopia, one parent was myopic in 28 (50%) of subjects, and both parents were myopic in 7 (12.5%) subjects. The average of hours per week spent outdoors were 5.82 +/- 7.38 hs. and spent 6.85 +/- 6.26 hs. at sports activities at night.
Conclusion
Myopia was the most frequent refractive error among the medical university students subject of this study, and was approximately three times higher than those reported for other samples of Brazilian population. There was a positive correlation between refraction errors and axial length.
Nem perpetuar nem erradicar Aitor Varea Oro; Paulo Alexandre Monteiro Vieira; Nuno Miguel Martins Travasso ...
Revista de morfologia urbana,
08/2019, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
As ilhas do Porto são estruturas habitacionais originárias do processo de industrialização da cidade, que ainda subsistem em grande número e onde residem cerca de 10.000 pessoas com poucos recursos, ...que não encontrariam habitação nos mercados privado ou de arrendamento social. Este artigo visa desmontar a ideia habitual que defende que, na intervenção sobre as estruturas urbanas, é mais democrático e culturalmente mais interessante eludir os parâmetros e procedimentos de controlo urbanístico que sáo incontornáveis noutras morfo-tipologias. Defendemos o contrário: é exatamente o cumprimento de tais parâmetros e procedimentos que permite uma maior equidade no acesso pleno aos direitos sociais. O artigo apresenta as análises e conclusões preliminares, a partir de casos reais em curso, que sustentam a criação de um quadro de princípios orientadores para avaliação urbanística em ilhas, que está a ser desenvolvido pela Câmara Municipal do Porto em parceria com uma entidade académica e outra do terceiro sector. Estas linhas orientadoras visam apoiar os técnicos envolvidos nos processos de projecto e licenciamento associados à reabilitação destas estruturas, procurando aproveitar as suas mais-valias urbanísticas e garantir aos seus residentes condições mínimas de salubridade, segurança e acessibilidade
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