Electronic survey mode has become a more common tool of research than it used to be previously. This is strongly associated with the overall digitization of modern society. However, the evidence on ...the possible mode effect on study results has been scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the comparability of findings on health and behaviours using a paper-versus-electronic mode of survey with randomization design among schoolchildren.
A randomized study was conducted using a mandatory questionnaire on international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Lithuania, enrolling 531 schoolchildren aged 11-15 years. The questionnaire included health and social topics about physical activity, risk behaviours, self-reported health and symptoms, life satisfaction, bullying, fighting, family and school environment, peer relationships, electronic media communication, sociodemographic indicators, etc. The schoolchildren within classes were randomly selected for electronic or paper mode.
It was found that by study mode differences are inconsistent and in the majority of cases do not exceed 5%-point difference between the modes. The only significant difference was that in the paper survey the participants reported more exercise than in the electronic survey (OR=8.08, P<.001). Other trends were nonsignificant and did not show a consistent pattern - in certain behaviours the paper mode was related to healthier choices, while in others - the electronic.
The use of electronic questionnaires in surveys of schoolchildren may provide findings that are comparable with concurrent or previously conducted paper surveys.
The aim of this study was to complete a scoping review of the published literature describing the relationship between mental fatigue and various psychiatric disorders, to better understand its ...frequency and clinical impact, and to provide recommendations for future clinical research.
A scoping review using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane and PsychArticles databases was conducted using the keywords 'mental fatigue', 'mental tiredness' or 'mental exhaustion', and completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews 2018 checklist.
We extracted 10 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria from a total of 2937 publications. Mental fatigue was studied within mood disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. A commonly used tool to measure mental fatigue in these samples was the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20. Specific cognitive factors (unhelpful beliefs about sleep, symptom-focussed rumination) and personality risk factors (harm avoidance, self-directedness, cooperativeness, persistence) were relevant to predicting mental fatigue symptoms and rates of mental fatigue may vary with gender and diagnosis.
Research into mental fatigue in adult psychiatric sample was limited to a few psychiatric disorders and requires further investigation.
Key points
A commonly used tool to measure mental fatigue was the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20. However, more research into the validity and reliability for illness specific instruments to measure mental fatigue in psychiatric population is required.
Reduction of mental fatigue was associated with improvement on quality of life.
Specific cognitive factors (unhelpful beliefs about sleep, symptom-focussed rumination) and personality risk factors (harm avoidance, self-directedness, cooperativeness, persistence) were relevant to predicting mental fatigue symptoms and rates of mental fatigue may vary with gender.
Reviewed articles indicated that mental fatigue presence was associated with lower odds of OCD. In addition, the results suggested that mental fatigue symptoms were more common in individuals with OCPD rather than OCD.
Research into mental fatigue in adult psychiatric sample was limited to a few psychiatric disorders and requires further investigation to prevent potential misattribution as mental fatigue symptoms overlap between different psychiatric disorders.
With the world population set to approach an estimated 9 billion by 2050, against a background of finite natural resources, we need renewable biological resources for securing healthy food and animal ...feed to meet the nutritional requirements of the growing population. In this paper, key findings from ReValue Eranet project financed by Norway, India, and Spain are presented. The project aims to contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target on food losses reduction, by developing innovative technologies for the surimi industry, namely reducing losses by improved cold chain management and efficient conversion of rest raw materials (RRM) and wash water into value-added protein and oil ingredients for food and feed applications. A multidisciplinary research approach was applied with expertise from supply chain management, life cycle assessment, biotechnology, energy, and process engineering to propose several solutions for improving the overall resource efficiency of the surimi supply chains in India. This paper presents a synthesis of proposed solutions from ReValue project and potential contribution towards SDGs as well as market exploitation strategies.
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