Due to long-term domestication, breeding and divergent selection, a vast genetic diversity in poultry currently exists, with various breeds being characterized by unique phenotypic and genetic ...features. Assuming that differences between chicken breeds divergently selected for economically and culturally important traits manifest as early as possible in development and growth stages, we aimed to explore breed-specific patterns and interrelations of embryo myogenesis, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and post-hatch growth rate (GR).
These characteristics were explored in eight breeds of different utility types (meat-type, dual purpose, egg-type, game, and fancy) by incubating 70 fertile eggs per breed. To screen the differential expression of seven key myogenesis associated genes (
,
,
,
,
,
, and
), quantitative real-time PCR was used.
We found that myogenesis associated genes expressed in the breast and thigh muscles in a coordinated manner showing breed specificity as a genetic diversity signature among the breeds studied. Notably, coordinated ("accord") expression patterns of
,
, and
were observed both in the breast and thigh muscles. Also, associated expression vectors were identified for
and
in the breast muscles and for
and
genes in the thigh muscles. Indices of NO oxidation and post-hatch growth were generally concordant with utility types of breeds, with meat-types breeds demonstrating higher NO oxidation levels and greater GR values as compared to egg-type, dual purpose, game and fancy breeds.
The results of this study suggest that differences in early myogenesis, NO metabolism and post-hatch growth are breed-specific; they appropriately reflect genetic diversity and accurately capture the evolutionary history of divergently selected chicken breeds.
Elements of fractal analysis are widely used in scientific research, including several biological disciplines. In this study, we hypothesized that chicken breed biodiversity manifests not only at the ...phenotypic level, but also at the genetic-system level in terms of different profiles of fractal conformity and bioconsolidation in the early myogenesis gene expression. To demonstrate this effect, we developed two mathematical models that describe the fractal nature of the expression of seven key genes in the embryonic breast and thigh muscles in eight breeds of meat, dual purpose, egg and game types. In the first model, we produced breed-specific coefficients of gene expression conformity in each muscle type using the slopes of regression dependencies, as well as an integral myogenesis gene expression index (MGEI). Additionally, breed fractal dimensions and integral myogenesis gene expression fractal dimension index (MGEFDI) were determined. The second gene expression model was based on plotting fractal portraits and calculating indices of fractal bioconsolidation. The bioconsolidation index of myogenesis gene expression correlated with the chick growth rate and nitric oxide (NO) oxidation rate. The proposed fractal models were instrumental in interpreting the genetic diversity of chickens at the level of gene expression for early myogenesis, NO metabolism and the postnatal growth of chicks.
Given the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, test systems are needed for its diagnosis, timely treatment, and introduction of quarantine measures. In the shortest possible ...time, a diagnostic system based on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect the ribonucleic acid of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal smears was developed and registered. The method determines the nucleocapsid and small-membrane protein genes and the human PGK1 gene, acting as internal control reactions. The nucleotide sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed, and primers were selected. The conditions for carrying out real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and the composition of a set of reagents were set. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the kit were tested on biological samples, with the addition of inactivated SARS-CoV-2. The high analytical characteristics of the developed set of reagents were demonstrated, with a sensitivity of at least 103 GE/mL and a specificity of 100%, and no false-positive or false-negative results were recorded. The high specificity of the test system was shown on a representative sample of genetic materials of respiratory viral pathogens. Clinical and laboratory tests of the diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 test were conducted in the N.F. Gamalei National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology. A set of reagents for the detection of ribonucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 through on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for in vitro diagnostics SARS-CoV-2 test was registered in the Russian Federation as a medical device (Registration certificate no. RZN 2020/10632, dated 06/03/2020).
Portfolio models can serve as an assessment tool for the optimal assignment of capital between the potential investment projects in the various conditions for upstream companies. This process is ...crucial for any company if it wants to balance the short-term goals and seeks to maximize long-term value of the company. The paper aims to present a practical model of forming oil upstream company’s portfolio. The unique feature of this model is an individual approach to investment plan forming in a context of three types of projects: exploration, oil production and infrastructure projects. This is due to the individual approach which is used for comparison of all projects by using of universal set of indicators. Suggested model uses the multi-criteria selection mechanism by means of aggregating the key estimating indicators into the final project rank score. In that way the task of forming investment project’s portfolio of upstream company is a linear programming problem that is solved by simplex method. In the paper the model forms consolidated investment portfolio that takes into account decision makers’ preferences in setting of limits for resources.
The problem of the traditional energy resources exhaustion which is also arising in the process of their exploitation as a factor of the environmental degradation is observed in the paper. The ...authors have analyzed the possibility of using alternative raw materials based on recycled plant biomaterials as renewable substitutes for energy sources. According to analytical data, it is shown that the biofuel demand as an alternative form of energy meets regulatory requirements that impose restrictions on the sulfur emission rate to the environment which are built up in the result of traditional combustible materials burning. The authors esteem the feasibility of all-around usage of various types of recycled biomaterials as a fuel. Within this framework, conducted study is a priority and promising direction for the world’s economy and energy, and the analysis of the main technical and economic characteristics of various types of waste biomass
The article is devoted to the study problems associated with the education of graduates of medical universities. The aim of the study is to explore possible ways to optimize the training of students ...for the practical exam in the simulation center, taking into account their educational needs A questionnaire was developed to assess students ‘attitude to choosing the optimal method of training, including questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, the most difficult practical exam stations, the choice of the optimal method of training and the level of students’ involvement into the process of self education for the exam during the 6th year. Statistical data processing was performed using the SPSS 20.0 software package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The study included 100 students randomly selected from among those enrolled in the 6th year of the medical faculty of the NWSMU. I.I. Mechnikov. Data analysis showed that the most difficult stations are “Providing emergency medical care” and “Emergency states”. The “training with a teacher in a simulation center” had the highest rating from all proposed education methods. Neither the socio-demographic characteristics nor the form of funding for education had an effect on this choice. Despite of fears related to the complexity of these stations, the number of people trying to master them was 40%. Conclusions. 1. The most difficult for students are the skills of providing emergency medical care. This choice was not influenced by gender, age or experience in the health care system. 2. It is necessary to make changes in the curricula of medical students in accordance with the requirements of the professional standard of the district physician, whose work functions include the provision of emergency medical care. 3. The involvement of teachers into the process of preparing students for emergency and urgent care should begin at the 5th year and be systematic. 4. It is necessary to motivate students to systematic self-study of materials on the methodology for providing emergency and urgent care presented on the website of the Methodological Center for Accreditation.
As part of the work,it was made a retrospective analysis of thetechnological disturbances causes in the power grid complex of the Russian Federation, the results of which justified the need to assess ...the impact of climatic factors on the stability of power linesoperation. On the basis of the review of foreign studies on the assessment of the reliability of electric power facilities taking into account climatic factors, was determined the most significant factor - wind speed. The exposition of wind loads in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District in the period from 1979 to 2018 is analyzed, quantitative estimates are obtained, a spatial distribution map of the minimum wind speed with different repeatability over a 10-year period is constructed. The statistical probability of power line disconnection is described using the nonparametric distribution law depending on the type of wind speed on the Beaufort scale.
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