Les services de soutien au corps professoral représentent une part très importante des budgets de fonctionnement des universités. La budgétisation incrémentale demeure un élément central du processus ...de budgétisation pour ces services, même pour les universités qui utilisent la budgétisation par centre de responsabilité (BCR). La budgétisation incrémentale présente des problèmes d'incitation bien connus, comme la folie de mars. Bien que la BCR ait permis de générer des revenus, elle a moins bien réussi à gérer les coûts des services de soutien aux professeurs. L'objectif ici est de développer une nouvelle approche en utilisant la théorie économique établie. D’après les mécanismes proposés, un doyen rationnel et soucieux de ses intérêts ne peut que rapporter avec précision les avantages d'un service fourni par l'université afin que les budgets nécessaires soient alloués. Le mécanisme approprié dépend de la nature du service en question.
Faculty support services make up a very significant share of university operating budgets. Incremental-like budgeting continues to be a central component of the budgeting process for these services, even for some universities that use responsibility centre budgeting (RCB). Incremental budgeting has well-known incentive problems, such as March Madness spending. Although RCB has been successful in the generation of revenue, it has been less successful in managing faculty support services costs. The focus here is to develop a new approach using established economic theory. Under the proposed mechanisms, a rational and self-interested dean cannot do better than accurately report the benefits of a university-provided service so that the efficient amounts are provided. The right mechanism depends on the nature of the faculty support service
Progression Of Antibody Defects Myers, Gordon E.; Paris, Kenneth; Wall, Luke A.
Journal of allergy and clinical immunology,
February 2019, 2019-02-00, 20190201, Letnik:
143, Številka:
2
Journal Article
ABSTRACT Luminous debris disks of warm dust in the terrestrial planet zones around solar-like stars were recently found to vary, which is indicative of ongoing large-scale collisions of rocky ...objects. We use Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 m time-series observations in 2012 and 2013 (extended to 2014 in one case) to monitor five more debris disks with unusually high fractional luminosities ("extreme debris disk"), including P1121 in the open cluster M47 (80 Myr), HD 15407A in the AB Dor moving group (80 Myr), HD 23514 in the Pleiades (120 Myr), HD 145263 in the Upper Sco Association (10 Myr), and the field star BD+20 307 ( 1 Gyr). Together with the published results for ID8 in NGC 2547 (35 Myr), this makes the first systematic time-domain investigation of planetary impacts outside the solar system. Significant variations with timescales shorter than a year are detected in five out of the six extreme debris disks we monitored. However, different systems show diverse sets of characteristics in the time domain, including long-term decay or growth, disk temperature variations, and possible periodicity.
Warm, large exoplanets with 10-100 day orbital periods pose a major challenge to our understanding of how planetary systems form and evolve. Although high eccentricity tidal migration has been ...invoked to explain their proximity to their host stars, a handful reside in or near orbital resonance with nearby planets, suggesting a gentler history of in situ formation or disk migration. Here we confirm and characterize a pair of warm, large exoplanets discovered by the TESS Mission orbiting K-dwarf TOI-216. Our analysis includes additional transits and transit exclusion windows observed via ground-based follow-up. We find two families of solutions, one corresponding to a sub-Saturn-mass planet accompanied by a Neptune-mass planet and the other to a Jupiter in resonance with a sub-Saturn-mass planet. We prefer the second solution based on the orbital period ratio, the planet radii, the lower free eccentricities, and libration of the 2:1 resonant argument, but cannot rule out the first. The free eccentricities and mutual inclination are compatible with stirring by other, undetected planets in the system, particularly for the second solution. We discuss prospects for better constraints on the planets' properties and orbits through follow-up, including transits observed from the ground.
The paper studies a federal system where (a) a region provides non-contractible inputs into the social benefits from a public policy project with spillovers to other regions, and (b) where political ...bargaining between different levels of government may ensure efficient decision making ex post. Allowing intergovernmental grants to be designed optimally, we ask whether project authority should rest with the region or with the central government. Centralization is shown to dominate when governments are benevolent. With regionally biased governments, both centralization and decentralization yield inefficiencies and the second-best institution depends on parameter values if political bargaining is prohibited. When bargaining is feasible, however, the first best can often be achieved under decentralization, but not under centralization. At the root of this dichotomy is the alignment of decision making over essential inputs and project size under decentralized governance, and their misalignment under centralization.
•One region in a federal system pursues a policy project with spillovers.•Setting: Moral hazard, endogenous grant system, interregional bargaining•We ask whether centralization or decentralization is best mode of governance.•Show: Only decentralization solves moral hazard, achieves first best.•Why? Grants align default project size, and investment incentives.
Abstract We present optical photometry of superoutbursts that occurred in 2016 of two WZ Sge-type dwarf novae (DNe), ASASSN-16dt and ASASSN-16hg. Their light curves showed a dip in brightness between ...the first plateau stage with no ordinary superhumps (or early superhumps) and the second plateau stage with ordinary superhumps. We find that the dip is produced by the slow evolution of the 3 : 1 resonance tidal instability and that it would likely be observed in low mass-ratio objects. An estimated mass ratio (q ≡ M2/M1) from the period of developing (stage A) superhumps 0.06420(3) d was 0.036(2) in ASASSN-16dt. Additionally, its superoutburst has many properties similar to those in other low-q WZ Sge-type DNe: long-lasting stage-A superhumps, small superhump amplitudes, long delay of ordinary-superhump appearances, and a slow decline rate in the plateau stage with superhumps. Its very small mass ratio and observational characteristics suggest that this system is one of the best candidates for a period bouncer—a binary accounting for the missing population of post-period minimum cataclysmic variables. Although it is not clearly verified due to the lack of detection of stage-A superhumps, ASASSN-16hg might be a possible candidate for period bouncers on the basis of the morphology of its light curves and the small superhump amplitudes. Many outburst properties of period bouncer candidates would originate from the small tidal effects of their secondary stars.
The paper considers a two-tier institution in which government provides public services, but individuals can opt out of public provision (but not taxes). Funding for the public service is chosen ...endogenously by majority vote, and we first provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a majority vote equilibrium. In line with existing results, the equilibrium tax rate usually falls below the one found in a one-tier system (opting out of public consumption is prohibited) as the public system loses the political support of the rich who exit. We prove that when the two-tier system majority dominates a purely private system, a majority in society always welcomes a transition from a one-tier public system to a two-tier system, it is the only system that is stable in an evolutionary sense. Otherwise, a majority consisting of the middle class may be in favor of staying in a one-tier system (prohibiting exit) because of a slippery slope argument.
Rational truth-avoidance and self-esteem Andolfatto, David; Mongrain, Steeve; Myers, Gordon
Canadian journal of economics,
February / fevrier 2009, Letnik:
42, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We assume that people have beliefs about their abilities that generate self-esteem, and that self-esteem is valued intrinsically. Individuals face two choices; one of which strictly dominates the ...other in a pecuniary sense, but necessarily involves gathering information concerning their ability. We lay out the circumstances under which an individual may find it rational to reject the dominant choice, an act that, in psychology is described as avoiding the situation. We then go on to show that the incentive to avoid the truth is increasing in income/wealth and decreasing in self-esteem, the perceived accuracy of one's self-assessment, and the role that luck plays in generating opportunities. /// On part des postulats que les gens ont des croyances quant à leurs habiletés et que ces croyances engendrent l'estime de soi, et que l'estime de soi est valorisée en soi. Des individus sont confrontés à une situation de choix entre deux possibilités: l'une de ces possibilités domine strictement l'autre au plan pécuniaire, mais nécessite la cueillette de renseignements concernant les habiletés de la personne. On développe un cadre dans lequel un individu peut trouver rationnel de ne pas choisir le possible dominant; un choix que l'on nomme en psychologie 'éviter la situation'. On montre ensuite que l'incitation à éviter la vérité augmente à proportion que le revenu et la richesse s'accroissent mais diminue à mesure que l'estime de soi, le sens qu'on est exact dans son auto-évaluation, et l'importance qu'on accorde à la chance dans la genèse des opportunités - s'accroissent.
PDF
