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•Grains are refined into micro-grains due to Laser Shock Peening.•TheSever Plastic Deformation increases the micro-hardness values.•Load is the major influencing factor followed by ...the sliding distance and the sliding velocity.•Reduction in wear rate is due to Laser Shock Peening.
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an emerging additive manufacturing technology that produces metallic parts with high customization. The applications of stainless steel 316L have been restricted owing to their poor tribological performance, especially in the as-printed condition. In this study, SLM-made SS 316L is subjected to laser shock peening (LSP), one of the surface modification techniques, to improve its characteristic microstructure, mechanical and wear behaviour. X-ray diffraction and residual stress analysis show that the laser shock peening promotes micro-level grain refinement and compressive residual stresses in the severely deformed layer, resulting in increased micro-hardness up to 22%. Pin on disk wear test is carried out, and the optimum condition is determined using the Taguchi method for the polished as-printed specimen. The wear rate of polished as-printed and laser shock peened specimens at optimized conditions were 2.4156 × 10−3 mm3 m−1 and 1.7871 × 10−3 mm3 m−1, respectively. The laser shock peened specimen showed higher wear resistance with a 26% reduction in wear rate compared to the polished as-printed specimens.
The single-phase Mg- 4Li- 0.5Ca alloy was rolled at three different temperatures (250, 300 and 350 °C) and followed by annealing at 200 °C for 10 min. To evaluate the mechanical properties, the ...tensile test was conducted at a constant strain rate of 10−3 s−1. Factors influencing the tensile strength and strain hardening properties were assessed by microscopy, XRD and EBSD analysis. Besides, Kocks–Mecking plots (K-M) were used to determine the different stages of strain hardening exhibited by the variously processed Mg- 4Li- 0.5Ca alloy test specimens. The ultimate tensile strength has decreased as hot-rolling temperature increases with increased ductility. The strain hardening properties such as hardening capacity (Hc), strain hardening exponent (n) are increased significantly with an increase in hot rolling temperature and subsequent annealing.
ZM21 alloy has been one of the most suitable candidate materials for implant owing to its bio-compatibility properties. However, the rapid corrosion of ZM21 alloy has been an issue questioning its ...adaptability in bio-implant applications. In the present study, an effort was taken to address this issue by optimising the thermo-mechanical process on the ZM21 alloy. ZM21 magnesium alloy was subjected to varying temperatures hot rolling (250, 300 and 350 °C) with 75% reduction followed by subsequent short annealing at 200 °C for 10 min In-vitro tests and tensile test were performed to determine the bio-corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of the thermomechanically processed ZM21 alloys. These results converged to a recommendation that ZM21 rolled at 350 °C and subsequent short annealing at 200 °C exhibits the best bio-corrosion resistance and biocompatibility owing to the effect of its coarser grain structure and lesser twin density than those obtained with other parameters.
The main factor limiting the adoption of selective laser melting (SLM)-based additive manufacturing is the smaller build size where mechanical joining methods are inevitable. Besides, there are no ...standard techniques to rework the defective SLM parts. There are limited test data to delineate the rework ability of defective SLM parts by laser welding route. Based on these facts, weldability studies were performed in the SLM-built stainless steel 316L samples, and the soundness of the weld was evaluated. Results of microstructural characterization revealed that the weld fusion zone was primarily characterized with a mixture of coarser cellular dendrite, columnar dendrite and equiaxed morphologies. Furthermore, crystallographic orientation analysis showed the evolution of random texture across the fusion zone, while the heat-affected zone (HAZ) towards the base metal was observed with a dominant < 001 > texture. Tensile testing revealed that the onset of fracture across the HAZ could be ascribed to the evolution of low Taylor factor grains and a high fraction of low-angle grain boundaries. However, the laser-welded SLM sample exhibited superior tensile strength and hardness of 596 MPa and 271 HV. The findings of this study could open up novel avenues for reworking a wide range of defective SLM components.
This study enhances the strength of the Al6061 alloy by adding Ti in the form of a rod using a thermomechanical process, which would be useful in making structures for aerospace and structural ...members. Two different properties of the material are joined together to form a new bimetallic material. Softer Al-6061 is used as a sleeve, and grade-II Ti is used as a core. They were prepared with a co-extrusion process at a temperature of 400 °C with different ratios of 2:1 and 2:0.5. The prepared substrates are analysed for characterization, hardness, tensile strength, and corrosion. The development of the diffusion layer is observed at the boundary of the Al-Ti material, and the bonding is improved. Compared to an aluminium alloy and a 2:1 bimetal composite, the co-extruded Al-Ti with a ratio of 2:0.5 bimetal composite ratio shows a better microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties. It is concluded that the co-extrusion of Ti and Al is an efficient way to devise new composites with mechanical properties of 14% and 19%, respectively.
Microstructure, mechanical and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg–4Li–1Ca rolled at different temperatures was systematically investigated. The microstructure revealed variation in grain size and defect ...densities like twins and dispersion of Mg
2
Ca compounds due to the effect of hot rolling at different temperatures (250, 300 and 350 °C). In vitro tests like electrochemical polarization and hydrogen evolution tests were performed in Kokubo’s simulated body fluid to understand bio-corrosion behaviour. The mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tensile test. All these test results showed that the Mg–4Li–1Ca alloy exhibited superior mechanical and bio-corrosion properties after hot rolling. In addition, the alloy rolled at 350 °C revealed better bio-corrosion behaviour and biocompatibility than 250 and 300 °C hot-rolled alloys.
In this study, in vitro corrosion behavior of rolled Mg-4Li-0.5Ca (wt.%) alloy at three temperatures (250, 300 and 350 °C) with 75% reduction and subsequent short annealing at 200 °C for 10 min was ...systematically investigated. Microstructural evaluation, Mg
2
Ca precipitation and defects like twins were characterized by an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction. Micrographs reveal an increase in grain size and comparatively reduction in twins density population with an increase in hot rolling temperature and subsequent short annealing. In vitro corrosion tests like dynamic bio-corrosion immersion test, hydrogen evolution test and electrochemical linear polarization test were carried out in simulated body fluid. From in vitro corrosion tests, it is observed that the alloy rolled at 350 °C and subsequently short-annealed shows better bio-corrosion resistance than other hot-rolled and short-annealed alloys. This is due to low twins density and uniformly dispersed Mg
2
Ca compound throughout the matrix.
The current study's objective is to examine the influence of Telemedicine on the Indian Healthcare Market through an analysis of characteristics such as Awareness and Knowledge, Ease of Use, ...Efficacy, and Overall Satisfaction, which has been discussed using quantitative research. Qualitative study also highlights additional insights such as role, obstacles, and success factors. This study used a mixed study approach, with 154 respondents (103 patients and 51 doctors) chosen for quantitative research and 42 respondents (30 patients and 12 doctors) chosen for qualitative research. Correlation and regression show that all four discovered variables are essential and impact the telemedicine industry, although they require additional attention. Furthermore, using qualitative approaches, it was discovered that the main problems included a lack of connectivity and technology infrastructure, a lack of face-to-face engagement, customer affordability and convenience, and customer satisfaction and trust. For the success of telemedicine, several elements must be considered, including knowledge, proficiency, and the capacity to use the Internet. Physicians must be fluent in their local language, and support network capacity and video and audio quality must be improved for telemedicine to succeed. Another critical factor in telemedicine success is infrastructure support. Last but not least, government assistance is required. The role of the central and state governments should be to increase public awareness and acceptance and provide official support and technological infrastructure.
DEVELOPMENT OF A WEBSITE FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKETING Ragavi T; Karthikeyan L; Vignesh T ...
International journal of engineering technology and management sciences,
11/2022, Letnik:
6, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
India places a high importance on agriculture, but today's farmers are of a lower social class and deal with a lot of difficulties in their daily lives as a result of extreme poverty. Although the ...employers in this artwork represent 50% of our working population, agriculture only contributes to roughly 15% of India's GDP (properly domestic Product). One of the main factors contributing to farm suicide in India is the income era. Farm poverty is caused by a lack of understanding of the modern generation or new techniques. Even after all the laborious effort and output produced with the help of the farmers, the farmers are still pressured by the sellers in the modern marketplace, which causes poverty. To create direct income between farmers and consumers, it is essential to reduce middlemen's roles in marketing farm products. By using direct farmer-to-patron and language communication with farmers, this website enables farmers to ensure the most profitability. Farmers would be able to understand how entrepreneurs are deceiving them about the quality of their products with the help of this program. The farmer's need is made apparent by this utility. Farmers can learn all there is to know
about eliminating inflation and black marketing by using this service. It enables accurate data and information remodeling. The device's clearly defined interfaces allowed one to easily explore the vast amount of information. Higher communication between the farmer and the consumer is made possible by this optimization website online
The plastid rRNA (rrn) operon in chloroplasts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), maize, and pea is transcribed by the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase from a sigma 70-type promoter (P1). In ...contrast, the rrn operon in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and mustard chloroplasts is transcribed from the distinct Pc promoter, probably also by the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase. Primer-extension analysis reported here indicates that in Arabidopsis both promoters may be active. To understand promoter selection in the plastid rrn operon in the different species, we have tested transcription from the spinach rrn promoter in transplastomic tobacco and from the tobacco rrn promoter in transplastomic Arabidopsis. Our data suggest that transcription of the rrn operon depends on species-specific factors that facilitate transcription initiation by the general transcription machinery
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