Control of the morphology of ceria nanocrystals is achieved through a simple, rapid, and green chemistry approach by tuning the reaction of organic ligand molecules with specific crystallographic ...planes of fluorite cubic ceria crystal during supercritical hydrothermal synthesis, as shown in the figure. It provides a novel self‐assembly approach for producing metal oxide nanocrystals with uniform size and well‐defined shape.
We report a high-pressure single-crystal study of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor YPtBi (T sub(c) = 0.77 K). Magnetotransport measurements show a weak metallic behavior with a carrier ...concentration n Asymptotically = to 2.2 x 10 super(19) cm super(-3). Resistivity measurements up to p = 2.51 GPa reveal superconductivity is promoted by pressure. The reduced upper critical field B sub(c2) (T) curves collapse onto a single curve, with values that exceed the model values for spin-singlet superconductivity. The B sub(c2) data point to an odd-parity component in the superconducting order parameter, in accordance with predictions for noncentrosymmetric superconductors.
We report a high-pressure single crystal study of the superconducting ferromagnet UCoGe. Measurements of the ac susceptibility and resistivity under pressures up to 2.2 GPa show ferromagnetism is ...smoothly depressed and vanishes at a critical pressure p(c) = 1.4 GPa. Near the ferromagnetic critical point superconductivity is enhanced. Upper-critical field measurements under pressure show B(c2)(0) attains remarkably large values, which provides solid evidence for spin-triplet superconductivity over the whole pressure range. The obtained p-T phase diagram reveals superconductivity is closely connected to a ferromagnetic quantum-critical point hidden under the superconducting "dome."
In this paper, we deal with the problem of reading out submicron tracks in a fine-grained nuclear emulsion using optical microscopy for directional dark matter searches. We present a technique for ...automatically reading out the submicron track under an optical microscope that consists of expansion of the emulsion film and image processing. This expansion technique is suitable for reading out tracks in a large volume of emulsion film, because it can reduce the scanning load compared to conventional techniques. After noting the difference in shape between a track and a noise, we address the problem of estimating the incident direction of the dark matter. The technique is based on an elliptical fit to each grain in the optical image. The effectiveness of a track detection system that consists of both the methods is confirmed using low-velocity Kr ion tracks. We successfully recognize tracks with lengths as short as 150nm and with an angular resolution of 0.66 radians. The system allows us to extract track signals in directional dark matter search experiments using nuclear emulsions.
Silver bromide, which is an indirect transition-type semiconductor, has been used as a photographic film and a charged particle tracking detector since the 19th century because it is sensitive to ...absorption of light or energy loss by charged particles. At cryogenic temperatures, it is known that the luminescence occurs in silver bromide with high quantum efficiency via impurities such as iodide ions. It was studied only by photo-excitation and tribo-excitation in the previous studies, and in this paper, for the first time, we observed the luminescence produced by charged-particle excitation by using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion consisting of 40 nm silver iodobromide crystals. The ratios of the contribution to luminescence among the electron–hole pairs expected by the energy deposition of charged particles were (5.7 ± 0.8)% with 5.48 MeV α-rays and (22.5 ± 3.5)% with 10 to 60 keV γ-rays at 88 K. The luminescence wavelength produced by α-rays had a peak at 540 nm and was shorter than that produced by photo-excitation having a peak at 575 nm.
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Dahlia mosaic virus (DMV) and Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) are economically important viruses and viroid that infect cultivated dahlias. Prior to this ...investigation, no multiplex RT‐PCR assay for the detection of dahlia virus and viroid infections existed. In this study, we report the development of a multiplex RT‐PCR that simultaneously detects TSWV, DMV and CSVd infections in dahlias. In addition, a simple RT‐PCR method that does not require RNA extraction, microtissue direct RT‐PCR, could be used to prepare samples for analysis by this multiplex RT‐PCR. A field survey validated our results, indicating that TSWV was the dominant virus found in the Kansai region, DMV in the Tohoku and Kyushu regions, and CSVd in the Hokkaido region. This method represents a rapid, sensitive and cost effective approach to diagnose viral infections in dahlias.
Significance and Impact of the Study
The multiplex RT‐PCR assay described in this study is the first report of simultaneous detection of virus and viroid in dahlia. This method represents a rapid, sensitive and cost effective approach to diagnose viral infections in dahlias. A field survey validated our results, indicating that TSWV was the dominant virus found in the Kansai region, DMV in the Tohoku and Kyushu regions and CSVd in the Hokkaido region.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The multiplex RT‐PCR assay described in this study is the first report of simultaneous detection of virus and viroid in dahlia. This method represents a rapid, sensitive and cost effective approach to diagnose viral infections in dahlias. A field survey validated our results, indicating that TSWV was the dominant virus found in the Kansai region, DMV in the Tohoku and Kyushu regions and CSVd in the Hokkaido region.
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