Predictions of nuclear properties far from measured data are inherently inaccurate because of uncertainties in our knowledge of nuclear forces and in our treatment of quantum many-body effects in ...strongly-interacting systems. While the model bias can be directly calculated when experimental data is available, only an estimate can be made in the absence of such measurements. Current approaches to compute the estimated bias quickly lose predictive power when their input variables are taken far from the training region, resulting in uncontrolled uncertainties in applications such as nucleosynthesis simulations. In this letter, we present a novel technique to identify the input variables of machine learning algorithms that can provide robust estimates of model bias. Our process is based on selecting input variables, or features, based on their probability distribution functions across the entire nuclear chart. We illustrate our approach on the problem of quantifying the model bias in nuclear binding energies calculated with Density Functional Theory (DFT). We prove that building model biases with only Z and N as features leads to highly unreliable extrapolations. Conversely, we show that proper feature selection can systematically improve theoretical predictions without increasing uncertainties.
We present the first example of a rigorous uncertainty quantification on elastic nucleus-nucleus scattering at energies near the Coulomb barrier. Experimental data has been analyzed using an ...energy-dependent effective optical model potential with physical constraints imposed. We confirm the compatibility of these uncertainties with the well known Coulomb threshold anomaly, explained in terms of a dispersive relation, and contrast our results with previous analyses that suggest otherwise.
The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a specific outcome instrument developed to measure upper-extremity disability and symptoms. The aim of this work is to develop a ...Spanish version of the DASH questionnaire and to analyze its reliability, validity and responsiveness.
We performed cross-cultural adaptation of the DASH to Spanish, using a process that included double forward and backward translations, expert review and field-testing. The Spanish version's reliability, content, construct and criterion validity and responsiveness were then evaluated in 98 patients with upper-extremity conditions that completed the DASH and SF-36 generic health questionnaire before and after medical rehabilitation treatment.
We obtained a Spanish DASH version (DASHe) linguistically and conceptually equivalent to the original version. Internal consistency of the DASHe was high (Cronbach alpha = 0.96), test-retest reliability was excellent (r = 0.96) and the floor and ceiling effects were negligible. Construct and criteria validity was shown by a positive association of DASHe scores with worse condition, and a significant correlation with the SF-36 scores, stronger with the SF-36 pain dimension. Responsiveness was excellent (effect size and standardized response means higher than 0.80).
The DASHe is a reliable, valid and responsive instrument that can provide a standardized measure in Spanish patients with upper-extremity musculoskeletal conditions.
NN Scattering and Nuclear Uncertainties Ruiz Arriola, Enrique; Amaro, Jose Enrique; Navarro Pérez, Rodrigo
Frontiers in physics,
01/2020, Letnik:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Ab initio calculations in Nuclear physics for atomic nuclei require a specific knowledge of the interactions among their constituents, protons and neutrons. In particular, NN interactions can be ...constrained down to scale resolutions of Δr ~ 0.6 fm from the study of phase shifts below the pion production threshold. However, this allows for ambiguities and uncertainties which have an impact on finite nuclei, nuclear- and neutron-matter properties. On the other hand the nuclear many body problem is intrinsically difficult and the computational cost increases with numerical precision and number of nucleons. However, it is unclear what the physical precision should be for these calculations. In this contribution we review much of the work done in Granada to encompass both the uncertainties stemming from the NN scattering database in light nuclei such as triton and alpha particle and the numerical precision required by the solution method.
Renal rejection is associated with an active immune response regulated by cytokines and in which immunocompetent cells are involved. Previous studies have measured high levels of cytokines in the ...urine and plasma in various renal dysfunction states. However, some methods used to measured cytokines hinder their use as a diagnostic tool in renal rejection. In this report, cytokine levels were determined in the plasma and urine of kidney transplant patients, with renal rejection and without it, using a cytometric bead array (CBA) technique. Concentrations of six human cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ) were established. Results show that patients who develop renal rejection presented high levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ cytokines in plasma and urine compared to patients without renal rejection. The CBA technique displayed greater sensitivity in the determination of cytokines in urine than the conventional ELISA technique. Finally, when standard cytokines in plasma and in urine were compared, it was observed that, in plasma, levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were detected, whereas in urine the levels detected were of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-γ. These results indicate that the CBA assay is a sensitive method to measure cytokines in urine. In kidney transplant patients undergoing acute renal rejection, the presence of cytokines in urine reflects renal damage and could be a useful method in the diagnosis of renal rejection.
In this paper, we present a minimal nuclear energy density functional (NEDF) called “SeaLL1” that has the smallest number of possible phenomenological parameters to date. SeaLL1 is defined by seven ...significant phenomenological parameters, each related to a specific nuclear property. It describes the nuclear masses of even-even nuclei with a mean energy error of 0.97 MeV and a standard deviation of 1.46 MeV , two-neutron and two-proton separation energies with rms errors of 0.69 MeV and 0.59 MeV respectively, and the charge radii of 345 even-even nuclei with a mean error εr=0.022 fm and a standard deviation σr=0.025 fm . SeaLL1 incorporates constraints on the equation of state (EoS) of pure neutron matter from quantum Monte Carlo calculations with chiral effective field theory two-body ( NN ) interactions at the next-to-next-to-next-to leading order (N3LO) level and three-body ( NNN ) interactions at the next-to-next-to leading order (N2LO) level. Two of the seven parameters are related to the saturation density and the energy per particle of the homogeneous symmetric nuclear matter, one is related to the nuclear surface tension, two are related to the symmetry energy and its density dependence, one is related to the strength of the spin-orbit interaction, and one is the coupling constant of the pairing interaction. Finally, we identify additional phenomenological parameters that have little effect on ground-state properties but can be used to fine-tune features such as the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule, the excitation energy of the giant dipole and Gamow-Teller resonances, the static dipole electric polarizability, and the neutron skin thickness.
Somatically acquired chromosomal rearrangements occur at early stages during tumorigenesis and can be used to indirectly detect tumor cells, serving as highly sensitive and tumor-specific biomarkers. ...Advances in high-throughput sequencing have allowed the genome-wide identification of patient-specific chromosomal rearrangements to be used as personalized biomarkers to efficiently assess response to treatment, detect residual disease and monitor disease recurrence. However, sequencing and data processing costs still represent major obstacles for the widespread application of personalized biomarkers in oncology. We developed a computational pipeline (ICRmax) for the cost-effective identification of a minimal set of tumor-specific interchromosomal rearrangements (ICRs). We examined ICRmax performance on sequencing data from rectal tumors and simulated data achieving an average accuracy of 68% for ICR identification. ICRmax identifies ICRs from low-coverage sequenced tumors, eliminates the need to sequence a matched normal tissue and significantly reduces the costs that limit the utilization of personalized biomarkers in the clinical setting.
•We developed a computational pipeline called ICRmax.•ICRmax identify tumor-specific interchromosomal rearrangements (ICRs).•ICRmax identifies ICRs from low-coverage sequenced tumors.•ICRmax eliminates the need for sequences of a matched normal tissue.•ICRmax reduces the costs to the utilization of personalized biomarkers.
The rapid identification of the hybrids between sweet cherry ( Prunus
avium L.) and sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus L.) is not easy. In
order to resolve this problem, 18 Spanish sweet, sour and duke ...cherry
cultivars were surveyed and characterized using 43 agromorphological
descriptors evaluated in flowers, leaves, dormant 1-yr-old shoots,
fruits, and trees during 2005 and 2006. Based on quantitative
parameters, ANOVA and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) were carried
out. For qualitative descriptors, statistical comparisons were done by
means of the chi-square (χ2) test. As result of the study, two
quantitative (titratable acidity and number of lenticels) and six
qualitative descriptors (shape of the central and lateral lobes in the
internal bracts of the flower fascicles, leaf shape and margin,
pubescence in the veins of the lower side of the leaf, and type of
sulci of the seed coat) were identified as differential parameters in
P. avium, P. cerasus and Prunus x gondouinii (Poit. & Turpin)
Rehd. Also, another four qualitative descriptors (petal coloration at
the end of blooming, leaf stipule type, and seed shape and viability)
were found to be useful for easy differentiation between sour and duke
cherry. None of these parameters has been employed previously to
discriminate among sweet, sour and duke cherry.
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