Vegetables from the cabbage family vegetables consumed by many people, which is known healthful, by eaten raw, boiled, or cooked (stir fry or soup). Vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower contain ...vitamins, minerals, and fiber. This study aims to determine the decrease percentage of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium minerals level caused by boiled broccoli and cauliflower by atomic absorption spectrometry. Boiled broccoli and cauliflower prepared by given boiled treatment in boiling water for 3 minutes. Fresh and boiled broccoli and cauliflower carried out dry destruction, followed by quantitative analysis of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium minerals respectively at a wavelength of 589.0 nm; 766.5 nm; 285.2 nm; and 422.7 nm, using atomic absorption spectrometry methods. After the determination of the sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium minerals level followed by validation of analytical methods with accuracy, precision, linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) parameters. Research results show a decrease in the sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium minerals level in boiled broccoli and cauliflower compared with fresh broccoli and cauliflower. Validation of analytical methods gives results that spectrometry methods used for determining sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium minerals level are valid. It concluded that the boiled gives the effect of decreasing the minerals level significantly in broccoli and cauliflower.
The Passion Fruit (
.) that grows in the Indonesian region generally has three varieties, namely purple passion fruit (
.), red passion fruit (
.), and yellow passion fruit (
.). The passion fruit ...peel is an economic waste that has not been utilised optimally, but has many efficacious phytochemical contents.
The objectives of this research are to examine scientifically hepatoprotective activity (with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic) and nephroprotective activity (with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic) from three varieties of the passion fruit (purple passion fruit peel extract, red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract) in the albino rat (
).
Three varieties of passion fruit peels were extracted by maceration method. The experimental animals used were the albino rat (
). Hepatoprotective activity was done by the liver biochemical (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase) analysis with paracetamol (hepatotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract. Nephroprotective activity was done by the kidney biochemical (urea and creatinine) analysis with gentamicin (nephrotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract.
The hepatoprotective activity for positive control was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 250 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight. The nephroprotective activity for positive control (50 mg of silymarin per kg of body weight) was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 500 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight.
The extracts were shown hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity with a dose-dependent activity. The hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity of purple passion fruit peel extract were the best compared to red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract.
Objective: Study the in silico plasmepsin 1 and plasmepsin 2 inhibition antimalarial effects of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces flavonoids compared to artemisinin as astandard compound for ...antimalarial to inhibit plasmepsin 1 and plasmepsin 2.Methods: Partition coefficient was predicted by the ChemDraw Ultra. In silico molecular docking was done by Protein-Ligand ANT System. Visualization was done by Yet Another Scientific Artificial Reality Application. Connector for Windows operation system to Linux operation system was done by Co Pendrive Linux. Three dimensions enzyme structure models used in this research were plasmepsin 1 and plasmepsin 2 with the protein data bank code 3QS1 and 1LEE obtained through the website http://www.rcsb.org/pdb. Two dimensions and three dimensions conformation model of compounds were generated by Marvin Sketch.Results: Partition coefficient of roselle calyces flavonoids quercetin, gossypetin, hibiscetin, and artemisinin, respectively, were 0.58, –0.44, –0.43, and 3.17. Higher partition coefficient means easier to penetrate into the cell. Docking score of roselle calyces flavonoids quercetin, gossypetin, hibiscetin, and artemisinin to plasmepsin 1, respectively, were –70.1989, –70.9454, –70.5870, and –61.7685 to plasmepsin 2, respectively, were –73.8620, –76,0086, –78.8930, and –61.7437. Lower docking score means a better potential activity to protein enzyme.Conclusion: Roselle calyces flavonoids (quercetin, gossypetin, and hibiscetin) show the stronger activity than artemisinin to inhibit plasmepsin 1 and plasmepsin 2.
Objective : Mebhydrolin Napadisylate is classified as an antihistamine drug classes used to treat allergies. One of the quality requirements for drug preparation was active compound levels must meet ...the requirements as stated in the Pharmacopoeia or other standard books. The purpose of this study was to validate an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method of determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate in the tablet preparation available in the market.Methods : Solvents used are hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.1 N in methanol and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 0.1 N in methanol for determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate and has not been reported. The ultraviolet spectrophotometric method used in the determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate will be conducted validation which includes: accuracy, precision, linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ).Results : Measurements were made at a maximum wavelength (λmax) of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate 287 nm. Results of ultraviolet spectrophotometric method validation in determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate in tablet preparation; accuracy, precision, linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) meet the requirements of validation tests for methods of analysis. The obtained results of the determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate levels in tablet preparation with a branded name on the market meet the general requirements of tablet preparation.Conclusion : Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate determination in tablet preparation meets the requirements of validation tests for methods of analysis. The determination of Mebhydrolin Napadisylate levels in tablet preparation meets the general requirements of tablet preparation.Keywords : Development, Validation, Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric, Mebhydroline Napadisylate
Vitamin C is needed by human body to improve the immune system and can be obtained from the bell pepper. Bell pepper has a different color according to the level of maturity, ranging from green, ...yellow, orange, and red. Differences in color also make possible differences in vitamin C content. The purpose of this study was to determine vitamin C levels in various colors of bell fruit. Measurement of vitamin C was done by titration method with metaphosphoric acid as the solvent and 2,6 dichloroindophenol as the standardized solution. The samples used were green bell pepper, yellow bell pepper, orange bell pepper, and red bell pepper taken from Gundaling, Berastagi, Karo, Sumatera Utara, 22152, Indonesia. The results show that vitamin C level in various colors of bell pepper respectively, for green bell pepper 16.52 mg vitamin C per 100 g green bell pepper; yellow bell pepper 159.61 vitamin C per 100 g yellow bell pepper; orange bell pepper 121.38 vitamin C per 100g orange bell pepper; red bell pepper 81.19 vitamin C per 100 g red bell pepper. These results indicate that different levels of bell pepper maturity have different vitamin C content.
Vitamin C is needed by human body to improve the immune system and can be obtained from the bell pepper. Bell pepper has a different color according to the level of maturity, ranging from green, ...yellow, orange, and red. Differences in color also make possible differences in vitamin C content. The purpose of this study was to determine vitamin C levels in various colors of bell fruit. Measurement of vitamin C was done by titration method with metaphosphoric acid as the solvent and 2,6 dichloroindophenol as the standardized solution. The samples used were green bell pepper, yellow bell pepper, orange bell pepper, and red bell pepper taken from Gundaling, Berastagi, Karo, Sumatera Utara, 22152, Indonesia. The results show that vitamin C level in various colors of bell pepper respectively, for green bell pepper 16.52 mg vitamin C per 100 g green bell pepper; yellow bell pepper 159.61 vitamin C per 100 g yellow bell pepper; orange bell pepper 121.38 vitamin C per 100g orange bell pepper; red bell pepper 81.19 vitamin C per 100 g red bell pepper. These results indicate that different levels of bell pepper maturity have different vitamin C content.
(1) Background: The functional groups present in tranexamic acid allow direct infrared detection analysis. This study aimed to develop, apply, and validate an infrared spectrophotometry method used ...for qualitative and quantitative analyses of tranexamic acid in marketed tablets. (2) Methods: This was a descriptive observational study that consisted of several stages: determining the specific wavenumber for analysis, obtaining a simple linear regression equation, analyzing tranexamic acid both qualitatively and quantitatively, and validating the developed method for routine analysis. (3) Results: The peak analysis obtained a range of baseline wavenumbers from 1679.17 to 1295.25 cm−1. The regression equation obtained was Y = 310.8527 × X + 0.9718, and the coefficient of determination (R2) obtained was 0.9994. The tranexamic acids in marketed tablets overall have a similarity index value of more than 0.90 and overall have levels ranging between 97.0% and 103.0%. The infrared spectrophotometry method that was successfully developed, applied, and validated for qualitative and quantitative analyses of tranexamic acid in marketed tablets meets the requirements both qualitatively and quantitatively of the tablet monograph. (4) Conclusions: The infrared spectrophotometry method has been validated and meets the requirements for accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, range, and specificity.
Objectives: A study on the hepatoprotective effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract on white rats induced by paracetamol was aimed to obtaining scientific data and evidence the ...hepatoprotective ability of the extract.Methods: The research was a complete randomized design, using 36 white rats which were divided into 6 groups. The normal control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by distilled water 8 hours after treatment. The positive control group was given 100 mg curcumin per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The negative control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The test group was given 50, 100 and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. Blood sampling was carried out 3 times (before treatment, after treatment and after induction).Results: With doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats give significant difference on the decrease of Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels after paracetamol administration.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract were potentially hepatoprotective.
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