Abstract Introduction The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of dentinal microcracks observed after root canal preparation with ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, ...Switzerland) and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) systems through micro–computed tomographic analysis. Methods Twenty moderately curved mesial roots of mandibular molars presenting a type II Vertucci canal configuration were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups ( n = 10) according to the system used for the root canal preparation: PTN or TFA systems. The specimens were scanned through high-resolution micro–computed tomographic imaging before and after root canal preparation. Afterward, pre- and postoperative cross-sectional images of the mesial roots ( N = 25,820) were screened to identify the presence of dentinal defects. Results Dentinal microcracks were observed in 38.72% ( n = 5150) and 30.27% ( n = 3790) of the cross-sectional images in the PTN and TFA groups, respectively. All dentinal defects identified in the postoperative scans were already present in the corresponding preoperative images. Conclusions Root canal preparation with PTN and TFA systems did not induce the formation of new dentinal microcracks.
Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental pain and both child irritability and family distress.
Subject and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 833 children aged ...3 to 5 years from preschools in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. The parents answered questionnaires addressing socio-demographic data and history of dental pain. Child irritability and family distress were evaluated using questions from the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The children were submitted to clinical examinations by dentists who had undergone training and calibration exercises. All children were diagnosed with regard to dental caries, caries activity, traumatic dental injury, and malocclusion. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by Poisson regression analysis (α = 5%).
Results
The prevalence of child irritability due to oral problems was 16.1%. The prevalence of family distress was 19.1%. After the data analysis, only a history of dental pain remained associated in the final model for child irritability prevalence ratio (PR) = 9.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.22–15.33 and family distress due to oral problems (PR = 3.18; 95% CI: 2.34–4.31).
Conclusion
Dental pain can make a child irritable and cause family distress. Socio-economic factors do not exert an influence on the emergence of these feelings.
Abstract
Understanding community assembly in habitat patches requires an integrative approach, considering the potential role of local and regional factors and organisms' dispersal abilities among ...patches. For this, assessing the degree of species overlap between patches (nestedness) can be particularly informative, especially regarding different taxa and distinct patch properties.
We assessed the potential role of landscape‐patch structure in shaping the nestedness patterns of five taxonomic groups with distinct dispersal abilities (ants, bees, dung beetles, fruit‐feeding butterflies and aculeate wasps).
We collected insects from 11 forest patches in the Espinhaço mountain range in southeast Brazil. We assessed the potential contribution of three forest island attributes (size, distance and shape) to the nestedness of insect communities and then tested if metacommunities were significantly nested with respect to habitat (forest islands). Finally, we evaluated how species of each taxonomic group contribute to metacommunity nestedness.
While there was a substantial variation in the contribution to the nested pattern within each taxon, all taxa studied exhibited a significantly nested pattern of species distribution. The landscape‐patch structure and the vagility of the different taxa did not influence the contribution of sites to the metacommunity nested pattern.
Our integrative approach provides critical data on the role of different factors in shaping species distribution in natural patches. Species with different dispersal abilities and patches with distinct landscape properties contributed similarly to nestedness, indicating the potential role of the vegetation matrix permeability in shaping the distribution of organisms in the studied forest archipelago.
TO evaluate the family and contextual factors associated with licit drug use among 15 to 19-year-old adolescents in the school context.
This is a representative, school-based, cross-sectional study ...conducted with 746 adolescents from 15 to 19 years old enrolled in public and private schools. Parents/guardians reported on the sociodemographic variables, while adolescents answered questionnaires on drug use, family cohesion and adaptability, oral health literacy and visits to the dentist. Information on school context was obtained at the institution and via municipal publications. Associations between variables were analyzed using unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression models.
Prevalence of licit drug use at least once and a pattern indicative of harmful drug use were 39.8% and 15.1%, respectively. After the adjusted analysis of licit drug use at least once, the variables gender (PR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.01-1.59), family cohesion (PR = 9.81; 95%CI: 1.23-72.54), and average income of the school district (PR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.57-0.91) remained in the final model. As for drug abuse, only the detached type (PR = 23.01; 95%CI: 2.46-214.87) and separated type (PR = 13.54; 95%CI: 1.40-130.97) of family cohesion remained in the final model.
Experience with licit drug use was associated with family and contextual factors among the adolescents, while family cohesion was the main factor related to harmful drug use.
Abstract Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of dentinal microcracks observed after root canal preparation with 2 reciprocating and a conventional full-sequence rotary system ...using micro–computed tomographic analysis. Methods Thirty mesial roots of mandibular molars presenting a type II Vertucci canal configuration were scanned at an isotropic resolution of 14.16 μm. The sample was randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups ( n = 10) according to the system used for the root canal preparation: group A—Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), group B—WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland), and group C—BioRaCe (FKG Dentaire, La-Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland). Second and third scans were taken after the root canals were prepared with instruments sizes 25 and 40, respectively. Then, pre- and postoperative cross-section images of the roots ( N = 65,340) were screened to identify the presence of dentinal defects. Results Dentinal microcracks were observed in 8.72% ( n = 5697), 11.01% ( n = 7197), and 7.91% ( n = 5169) of the cross-sections from groups A (Reciproc), B (WaveOne), and C (BioRaCe), respectively. All dentinal defects identified in the postoperative cross-sections were also observed in the corresponding preoperative images. Conclusions No causal relationship between dentinal microcrack formation and canal preparation procedures with Reciproc, WaveOne, and BioRaCe systems was observed.
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•Gas composition was highly dependent on the membrane contactor operating conditions.•Higher concentrations of CH4, CO2 and H2S were obtained for the vacuum mode.•Mixture of biogas ...and recovered gas was analysed for energetic use purposes.•Energetic potential of sewage treatment plants could be increased by 20–50%.
Biogas is a source of renewable energy, and its production and use has been validated in anaerobic-based sewage treatment plants (STPs). However, in these systems, a large amount of methane is lost as dissolved methane (D-CH4) in the liquid effluent. In this study, the characteristics and potential energetic uses of the gas recovered during the desorption of D-CH4 from anaerobic effluents with hollow fibre membrane contactors were investigated. A pilot-scale experiment was performed using sewage and two types of membrane contactors. The recovered gas contained considerable amounts of CH4, CO2, H2S, N2, and O2; therefore, a gas upgrade is required prior to its use as a biofuel. The recovery process should be energetically self-sustainable, and induce a considerable decrease in the STP carbon footprint. Recovering D-CH4 with membrane contactors could increase the energetic potential of anaerobic-based STPs up to 50 % and allow for more sustainable systems.
Efficiently removing marine biofouling from ship hulls is essential for maintaining asset integrity. This study explores the application of a rotating brush mounted on an automated system designed ...for cleaning plates under controlled conditions. Two experiments were conducted: one to evaluate geometric combinations – attack angle and tool standoff – for effective coating removal and another to determine optimal parameters – attack angle, tool standoff, time over surface, and number of sweeps – for marine life removal. Using statistical methods including ANOVA and Tukey’s test, four potential coating removal combinations were identified: (60°, 130 mm), (45°, 100 mm), (45°, 160 mm), and (60°, 100 mm). However, the maximum coating thickness removal did not exceed 127 μm under worst-case conditions. In the second test, employing a Taguchi L9 matrix (34) for experimental design, the best parameter combination – 60°, 160 mm, 18 s, 2 sweeps – outputted a cleaning rate of 86.1% on a plate immersed for 498 days. A discrepancy was observed in a plate reserved for validating Taguchi predictions, which remained immersed for 555 days, potentially attributed to the presence of a new species. These findings provide valuable insights into enhancing ship maintenance practices, aiding the development of improved cleaning strategies, and ensuring long-term asset integrity.
Keloid scars are characterized by the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and an imbalance between the production and degradation of collagen, leading to its buildup in the dermis. There is no ..."gold standard" treatment for this condition, and the recurrence is frequent after surgical procedures removal. In vitro studies have demonstrated that photobiomodulation (PBM) using the blue wavelength reduces the proliferation speed and the number of fibroblasts as well as the expression of TGF-β. There are no protocols studied and established for the treatment of keloids with blue LED. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the combination of PBM with blue light and the intralesional administration of the corticoid triamcinolone hexacetonide on the quality of the remaining scar by Vancouver Scar Scale in the postoperative period of keloid surgery. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial will be conducted involving two groups: 1) Sham (n = 29): intralesional administration of corticoid (IAC) and sham PBM in the preoperative and postoperative periods of keloid removal surgery; and 2) active PBM combined with IAC (n = 29) in the preoperative and postoperative periods of keloid removal surgery. Transcutaneous PBM will be performed on the keloid region in the preoperative period and on the remaining scar in the postoperative period using blue LED (470 nm, 400 mW, 4J per point on 10 linear points). The patients will answer two questionnaires: one for the assessment of quality of life (Qualifibro-UNIFESP) and one for the assessment of satisfaction with the scar (PSAQ). The team of five plastic surgeons will answer the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). All questionnaires will be administered one, three, six, and twelve months postoperatively. The keloids will be molded in silicone prior to the onset of treatment and prior to excision to assess pre-treatment and post-treatment size. The same will be performed for the remaining scar at one, three, six, and twelve months postoperatively. The removed keloid will be submitted to histopathological analysis for the determination of the quantity of fibroblasts, the organization and distribution of collagen (picrosirius staining), and the genic expression of TGF-β (qPCR). All data will be submitted to statistical analysis. Trial registration: This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04824612).
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by accumulation of amyloid-β oligomers (AβO) in the brain, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cognitive decline. Grandisin, a ...tetrahydrofuran neolignan, exhibits relevant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Interestingly, grandisin-based compounds were shown to prevent AβO-induced neuronal death in vitro. However, no study has assessed the effect of these compounds on the AD animal model. This study focuses on a triazole grandisin analogue (TGA) synthesized using simplification and bioisosteric drug design, which resulted in improved potency and solubility compared with the parent compound. This study aimed to investigate the possible in vivo effects of TGA against AβO-induced AD. Male C57/Bl6 mice underwent stereotaxic intracerebroventricular AβO (90 μM) or vehicle injections. 24 h after surgery, animals received intraperitoneal treatment with TGA (1 mg/kg) or vehicle, administered on a 14 day schedule. One day after treatment completion, a novel object recognition task (NORT) was performed. Memantine (10 mg/kg) was administered as a positive control. NORT retention sessions were performed on days 8 and 16 after AβO injection. Immediately after retention sessions, animals were euthanized for cortex and hippocampus collection. Specimens were subjected to oxidative stress and cytokine analyses. TGA reduced the level of cortex/hippocampus lipoperoxidation and prevented cognitive impairment in AβO-injected mice. Additionally, TGA reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in the hippocampus. By contrast, memantine failed to prevent cortex/hippocampus lipid peroxidation, recognition memory decline, and AβO-induced increases in TNF and IFN-γ levels in the hippocampus. Thus, memantine was unable to avoid the AβO-induced persistent cognitive impairment. The results showed that TGA may prevent memory impairment by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in AβO-injected mice. Moreover, TGA exhibited a persistent neuroprotective effect compared to memantine, reflecting an innovative profile of this promising agent against neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a self-adhesive gutta-percha material and compare it with that of conventional gutta-percha. Methods Standard ...quantities of bioactive gutta-percha and conventional gutta-percha were directly inserted subcutaneously into the dorsal connective tissue of 30 BALB/c mice according to ISO 10993-6. After 7, 21, and 63 days each, 10 animals were euthanized, and the materials and surrounding tissue were removed. Tissue samples were subjected to histological processing resulting in 5-μm-thick slices stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Gomori trichrome stain. A grade ranging from I–IV was used to classify the inflammatory reaction. The Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare the grade of inflammation induced by the materials at each time point. Qualitative evaluation of biocompatibility over time was also performed. Results Bioactive gutta-percha was more biocompatible than conventional gutta-percha at each time interval ( P < .05). Tissue exposed to bioactive gutta-percha reached “no inflammation” (grade I) at the 21-day interval, whereas it took 63 days for the conventional gutta-percha to reach the “slight inflammation” level (grade II). Conclusions Bioactive gutta-percha presented good tissue reaction at all time points. It may serve as an alternative to gutta-percha in terms of biocompatibility.
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