The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between oral health problems and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children according to both self‐reports and the ...reports of parents/caregivers. A school‐based, cross‐sectional study was conducted with 769 preschool children and their parents/caregivers. The OHRQoL was evaluated using the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five‐Year‐Old Children (SOHO‐5). Based on logistic regression for complex samples, the following variables were found to be associated with poorer OHRQoL in the parent/caregiver version: toothache (OR = 6.77; 95% CI: 3.95–11.59); consequences of untreated dental caries (OR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.27–5.70); and anterior open bite (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.13–3.56). The following variables were associated with poorer OHRQoL in the child self‐report version: toothache (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 2.11–5.29); cavitated lesions (anterior teeth) (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.26–3.84); occurrence of traumatic dental injury (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.19–2.61); and anterior open bite (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.16–3.29). We conclude that children with dental caries (or its sequelae) had poorer OHRQoL. Having experienced a traumatic dental injury and having a malocclusion were also associated with a poorer OHRQoL.
This study explored the association between family cohesion and self-perceived need for dental treatment among adolescents. A school-based representative cross-sectional study was conducted with 746 ...students aged 15 to 19 randomly selected from schools in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians provided information on sociodemographic data, and students completed questionnaires about the self-perceived need for dental treatment, dental pain, and family cohesion and adaptability (FACES III). Two dentists were trained (kappa >0.80) to diagnosis dental caries using the Nyvad criteria and assess adolescents’ level of functional oral health literacy (BREALD-30). Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by nonadjusted and adjusted robust binary logistic regression for complex samples (α=5%). The prevalence of self-perceived need for dental treatment was 88.6%. The presence of dental caries (OR=2.10; IC 95%: 1.22–3.61), tooth loss (OR=15.81; IC 95%: 2.14–116.56), dental pain in the last six months (OR=1.87; IC 95%: 1.06–3.31), and enmeshed family cohesion type (OR=10.23; IC 95%: 3.96–26.4) remained associated with the self-perceived need for dental treatment in the final model. In conclusion, dental caries, dental pain, tooth loss, and family cohesion influenced the self-perceived need for dental treatment in adolescents.
Contextual factors may influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of individual and contextual determinants of ...OHRQoL based on the perceptions of children.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 769 five-year-old children from public and private preschools in a city in the countryside of northeast Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered questionnaires addressing psychological aspects, sociodemographic data and aspects of the child's oral health. The children answered the child version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for five-year-old children and were submitted to oral examinations. Variables related to the context were obtained from the schools and official municipal publications. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression models were used to investigate associations between variables.
In the adjusted analysis, parent's/caregiver's schooling, household income, parent's/caregiver's age, a history of dental pain, dental caries and its consequences and traumatic dental injury were considered individual determinants of OHRQoL according to the children's self-reports. After the incorporation of the contextual determinants, the association between parent's/caregiver's schooling and OHRQoL lost its significance. Type of school was the context variable that remained associated with OHRQoL.
Besides the clinical and sociodemographic individual characteristics, characteristics of the school environment in which the child studies are associated with self-reported impacts on OHRQoL.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the ability to recognize and read oral health terms is associated with the number of teeth with cavitated carious lesions in adolescents. A ...population-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving a sample of 746 adolescents representative of students aged 15 to 19 years at the public and private school systems in a city in northeast Brazil. Two examiners who had undergone a training and calibration exercise (inter-examiner and intra-examiner Kappa coefficient: 0.87 to 0.93) performed the diagnosis of caries using the Nyvad Index and evaluated the level of OHL (BREALD-30) of the adolescents. The participants answered questions regarding their history of visits to the dentist and the parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic characteristics. A directed acyclic graph was created to direct the selection of covariables for adjustments in the Poisson multiple regression analysis to test the association between dental caries and OHL (α = 5%). Cavitated carious lesions (codes 3 to 6 on the Nyvad index) were found in 41.6% of the adolescents. Only 29.4% had a high level of OHL (BREALD-30 scores between 23 and 30); 42.3% of the families belonged to the A-B social class and 93% of the adolescents had been to the dentist at least once in their lifetimes. In the multivariate analysis, adolescents with inadequate (PR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.18-2.41; p = 0.004) and marginal (PR; 1.42; 95% CI: 1.01-1.99; p = 0.042) OHL and those in the lower social classes (C-D-E) (PR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.39-2.47; p<0.001) had more teeth with cavitated carious lesions. In conclusion, adolescents aged 15 to 19 years with poorer levels of OHL had a larger number of teeth with cavitated carious lesions, independently of their socioeconomic status and history of visiting a dentist.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the prevalence of cavitated dental caries and oral health literacy (OHL), family characteristics and sociodemographic factors ...in early adolescence.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 740 twelve‐year‐old students. The students' guardians provided information on sociodemographic data, and the students provided information on family characteristics and OHL. Two trained dentists examined the participants for dental caries and administered the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Oral Health Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD‐30). Control variables were selected using a directed acyclic graph. Descriptive analysis was performed; this was followed by robust Poisson regression analysis for complex samples to evaluate the association between dental caries and socioeconomic and family predictors (α = 5%).
Results
The following variables were associated with a greater number of cavitated caries lesions: low level of education completed by the mother (RR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.12‐2.24), less privileged social class (RR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.28‐2.80), non‐White ethnicity (RR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.0‐2.48), larger number of residents in the home (RR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.25‐2.81), low level of OHL (RR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.28‐3.18), and the ‘connected’ (RR = 4.72; 95% CI: 1.17‐18.90), ‘separated’ (RR = 4.09; 95% CI: 1.05‐15.86) and ‘disengaged’ (RR = 4.20; 95% CI: 1.09‐16.18) types of family cohesion.
Conclusions
A low level of oral health literacy, sociodemographic factors, and a low level of family cohesion are predictors of cavitated caries lesions in early adolescence.
Abstract
Objectives
To explore the pathways by which oral health literacy is associated with dental caries in adolescents, assessing direct and indirect effects of family cohesion and socioeconomic ...status.
Methods
A population‐based, representative cross‐sectional study was conducted with 740 12‐year‐old adolescents in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. Adolescents answered validated questionnaires addressing family cohesion and oral health literacy. Dental caries was diagnosed using Nyvad criteria. Two dentists underwent training exercises for the diagnosis and administration of the questionnaires (
k
> 0.80). Descriptive analysis was followed by the use of structural equation modelling to determine direct and indirect associations between the variables incorporated into the theoretical model of the study (95% CI).
Results
Oral health literacy (standardized coefficient: −3.472,
p
< .01) and mother's schooling (standardized coefficient: −0.405,
p
< .01) were directly associated with dental caries, whereas family cohesion and socioeconomic status exerted an indirect effect on the occurrence of dental caries in the adolescents.
Conclusions
Sociodemographic factors, family characteristics and oral health literary are associated with dental caries in 12‐year‐old adolescents.
The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between tooth loss, and oral health literacy, the use of multiple psychoactive substances, and the reason for the last dental appointment ...in adolescents. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 746 adolescents aged 15–19 years in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. The adolescents answered the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD‐30), the alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test, and an oral health questionnaire from the National Oral Health Survey. The adolescents were then examined by two examiners who had undergone training and calibration exercises for the diagnosis of tooth loss due to caries (K > 0.80). Associations between variables were investigated using robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The prevalence of tooth loss was 17.4%. Oral health literacy (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89–0.97) was inversely associated with tooth loss, while multiple psychoactive substance use (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09–3.69) and last dental visit for treatment/symptoms (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.73–5.36) were directly associated with tooth loss. Oral health literacy, multiple psychoactive substance use, and reason for last dental appointment exerted an influence on tooth loss among adolescents.
Objectives
To determine whether family environment, signs of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oral health literacy (OHL) are associated with visits to the dentist in adolescents.
...Methods
A school‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 448 12‐year‐old adolescents enrolled at schools in the city of Cajazeiras, Brazil. The adolescents answered a validated questionnaire addressing family cohesion and adaptability (FACES III), an OHL measure (Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry BREALD‐30) and a questionnaire addressing the history of visits to the dentist and previous toothache experience. The parents answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics. Parents and teachers answered the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales of the Swanson, Nolan & Pelham (SNAP‐IV) questionnaire for the detection of signs of ADHD. Multiple Poisson regression with robust variance was used for data analysis (α = 5%).
Results
The prevalence of having visited a dentist some time in life was higher among adolescents with enmeshed (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.15) and connected (PR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.13) families and those with attention deficit according to parents' reports (PR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.14). A family income higher than the Brazilian minimum wage (PR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.12) and toothache in the previous six months (PR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.11) were also associated with the outcome.
Conclusion
Family cohesion and attention deficit according to parental reports influenced visits to the dentist among adolescents. In contrast, OHL was not associated with the outcome.
The present study aimed to evaluate the association between premature primary tooth loss and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in preschool children. A cross-sectional study was conducted ...in 769 5-year-old preschool children. The children and their parents or guardians answered the Brazilian version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-Year-Old Children for the assessment of OHRQoL. Meanwhile, clinical examinations were performed for the assessment of premature primary tooth loss. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression models were utilized to investigate the associations between the variables. In the parental version of the scale, premature posterior primary tooth loss (rate ratio RR = 2.65; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.51-4.68), weak sense of coherence (RR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.62-3.11), and visit to a dentist (RR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.04-2.52) were associated with OHRQoL. Based on the children's perceptions, only the preschool type was associated with OHRQoL (RR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.21-3.05). Premature posterior primary tooth loss had a greater impact on OHRQoL based on the parents' perception, whereas only the preschool type was associated with OHRQoL based on the children's perception.
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