Hematologic Malignancies Tseng, Yolanda D; Ng, Andrea K
Hematology/oncology clinics of North America,
02/2020, Letnik:
34, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the management of a wide range of hematologic malignancies. The optimal radiation dose and target volume, and safe and effective ways of integrating ...radiation with systemic agents, vary depending on the histologic subtypes, stage at presentation, patient performance status, response to systemic therapy if given, treatment intent, and patient preferences. Limiting doses to surrounding organs without sacrificing disease control is of paramount importance. Reducing radiation doses and treatment volume in selected cases, and the use of advanced radiotherapy technology, can improve the therapeutic ratio of patients receiving radiation therapy for hematologic malignancies.
To investigate clinical and pathologic factors significant in predicting local response and time to further treatment after low-dose involved-field radiation therapy (LD-IFRT) for non-Hodgkin ...lymphoma (NHL).
Records of NHL patients treated at a single institution between April 2004 and September 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Low-dose involved-field radiation therapy was given as 4 Gy in 2 fractions over 2 consecutive days. Treatment response and disease control were determined by radiographic studies and/or physical examination. A generalized estimating equation model was used to assess the effect of tumor and patient characteristics on disease response. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess time to further treatment.
We treated a total of 187 sites in 127 patients with LD-IFRT. Histologies included 66% follicular, 9% chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma, 10% marginal zone, 6% mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and 8% other. Median follow-up time was 23.4 months (range, 0.03-92.2 months). The complete response, partial response, and overall response rates were 57%, 25%, and 82%, respectively. A CLL histology was associated with a lower response rate (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.5, P=.02). Tumor size, site, age at diagnosis, and prior systemic therapy were not associated with response. The median time to first recurrence was 13.6 months. Those with CLL and age ≤ 50 years at diagnosis had a shorter time to further treatment for local failures (hazard ratio HR 3.63, P=.01 and HR 5.50, P=.02, respectively). Those with CLL and MCL had a shorter time to further treatment for distant failures (HR 11.1 and 16.3, respectively, P<.0001).
High local response rates were achieved with LD-IFRT across most histologies. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and MCL histologies and age ≤ 50 years at diagnosis had a shorter time to further treatment after LD-IFRT.
Radiation therapy (RT) may play an important role prior to and following BCMA-targeted CAR T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma (MM). We report a series of 13 patients: 5 patients received bridging RT ...pre-CAR T, 4 patients received salvage RT post-CAR T failure, and 4 patients received both. There was no worsening of CAR-T- or RT-related toxicities. The RT in-field local control rate was 100%, with a median follow-up after each RT course of 7.3 months. RT as a bridging and salvage strategy is safe, feasible, and offers excellent local control in MM patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy.
Case reports and preclinical data suggest radiotherapy and immunotherapy may synergize to generate "abscopal" responses outside the radiation field. This phenomenon remains relatively unexplored, ...prompting our systematic evaluation of metastatic melanoma patients treated with the CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab and palliative radiation therapy. We evaluated 47 consecutive metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab and 65 courses of radiation. Responses of index lesions outside the radiation field were compared before and after radiotherapy, and parameters associated with favorable response were assessed. Median survival was 28 months, with an estimated 20% 5-y survival. Index lesions shrank in 7 instances prior to radiation therapy (11%), compared with 16 instances (25%) after radiation therapy; in 11 of the latter instances (69%), the index lesion had been increasing in size prior to radiotherapy (P = 0.03). In 68% of cases, radiotherapy was associated with an improved rate of index lesion response (P = 0.006). Radiation fraction size ≤ 3 Gy was the only parameter identified associated with favorable index lesion response (P = 0.014). Our systematic review of melanoma patients treated with radiotherapy and ipilimumab suggests that a subset of patients may have more favorable out-of-field responses following treatment with radiation. Interestingly, we found that multiple fraction radiation regimens were associated with a more favorable response. These results are encouraging regarding potential synergies between radiation and immunotherapy, but suggest that attention and even prospective testing of radiation parameters critical to producing abscopal effects in human patients would be of value.
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