Nine isolates of Canine parvovirus (CPV) were obtained from Vietnamese dogs and cats. One canine isolate showed a unique antigenic property which indicates a novel antigenic variant of CPV-2b when ...examined with hemagglutination inhibition tests using our monoclonal antibodies, 21C3 and 19D7, which were recently developed. This isolate had an amino acid substitution of residue 426, Asp to Glu, and the same substitution has recently been found in CPV from Italian dogs. This study first showed that such substitution caused an antigenic difference demonstrable by monoclonal antibodies and that a similar evolution may have occurred in CPV in Vietnam.
This study presents the removal of phosphate from aqueous solution using a new silver nanoparticles-loaded tea activated carbon (AgNPs-TAC) material. In order to reduce costs, the tea activated ...carbon was produced from tea residue. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of impregnation ratio of AgNPs and TAC, pH solution, contact time, initial phosphate concentration and dose of AgNPs-AC on removing phosphate from aqueous solution. Results show that the best conditions for phosphate adsorption occurred at the impregnation ratio AgNPs/TAC of 3% w/w, pH 3, and contact time lasting 150 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate on AgNPs-TAC determined by the Langmuir model was 13.62 mg/g at an initial phosphate concentration of 30 mg/L. The adsorption isotherm of phosphate on AgNPs-TAC fits well with both the Langmuir and Sips models. The adsorption kinetics data were also described well by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models with high correlation coefficients of 0.978 and 0.966, respectively. The adsorption process was controlled by chemisorption through complexes and ligand exchange mechanisms. This study suggests that AgNPs-TAC is a promising, low cost adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution.
We characterized the spatial distribution of drug-susceptible (DS) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) cases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, a major metropolis in southeastern Asia, and ...explored demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with local TB burden. Hot spots of DS and MDR TB incidence were observed in the central parts of Ho Chi Minh City, and substantial heterogeneity was observed across wards. Positive spatial autocorrelation was observed for both DS TB and MDR TB. Ward-level TB incidence was associated with HIV prevalence and the male proportion of the population. No ward-level demographic and socioeconomic indicators were associated with MDR TB case count relative to total TB case count. Our findings might inform spatially targeted TB control strategies and provide insights for generating hypotheses about the nature of the relationship between DS and MDR TB in Ho Chi Minh City and the wider southeastern region of Asia.
Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases Hoang, Duc M.; Pham, Phuong T.; Bach, Trung Q. ...
Signal transduction and targeted therapy,
08/2022, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
Recent advancements in stem cell technology open a new door for patients suffering from diseases and disorders that have yet to be treated. Stem cell-based therapy, including human ...pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has recently emerged as a key player in regenerative medicine. hPSCs are defined as self-renewable cell types conferring the ability to differentiate into various cellular phenotypes of the human body, including three germ layers. MSCs are multipotent progenitor cells possessing self-renewal ability (limited in vitro) and differentiation potential into mesenchymal lineages, according to the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). This review provides an update on recent clinical applications using either hPSCs or MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), or the umbilical cord (UC) for the treatment of human diseases, including neurological disorders, pulmonary dysfunctions, metabolic/endocrine-related diseases, reproductive disorders, skin burns, and cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we discuss our own clinical trial experiences on targeted therapies using MSCs in a clinical setting, and we propose and discuss the MSC tissue origin concept and how MSC origin may contribute to the role of MSCs in downstream applications, with the ultimate objective of facilitating translational research in regenerative medicine into clinical applications. The mechanisms discussed here support the proposed hypothesis that BM-MSCs are potentially good candidates for brain and spinal cord injury treatment, AT-MSCs are potentially good candidates for reproductive disorder treatment and skin regeneration, and UC-MSCs are potentially good candidates for pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment.
Abstract
This work emphasizes the effect of the physical activation using CO
2
and steam agents on the physicochemical properties of activated carbon produced from
Dicranopteris linearis
(
D. ...linearis
), a fern species widely distributed across tropic and subtropic ecoregions. The
D. linearis
-derived chars produced under pyrolysis at 400 °C for 1 h were activated in various CO
2
-steam proportions. As revealed by the IR and Raman spectra, the structure of the activated chars was heavily dependent on the relative proportion of CO
2
and steam. The total specific surface area (SSA) of the activated chars proportionally increased with the increase in steam proportion and was comparable to the values of commercial activated char products. Specifically, the activation under CO
2
−
and steam-saturated conditions has correspondingly resulted in SSA increasing from 89 to 653 m
2
g
−1
and from 89 to 1015 m
2
g
−1
. Steam also enhanced the development of mesoporous structures of the
D. linearis
-derived char products, thereby extending their potential applications, particularly for industries that require high rigidity in the product such as pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors.
This prospective cohort study followed patients with tuberculosis in Vietnam for 3 years after diagnosis. During that time, 8.9% of patients died: two-thirds after treatment completion.Recurrent ...tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease were major causes of death, as identified in verbal autopsies.
Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis is the leading infectious cause of death. Steep reductions in tuberculosis-related mortality are required to realize the World Health Organization’s “End Tuberculosis Strategy.” However, accurate mortality estimates are lacking in many countries, particularly following discharge from care. This study aimed to establish the mortality rate among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Vietnam and to quantify the excess mortality in this population.
Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study among adult patients treated for smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in 70 clinics across Vietnam. People living in the same households were recruited as controls. Participants were re-interviewed and their survival was established at least 2 years after their treatment with an 8-month standardized regimen. The presence of relapse was established by linking identifying data on patients and controls to clinic registries. Verbal autopsies were performed. The cumulative mortality among patients was compared to that among a control population, adjusting for age and gender.
Results
We enrolled 10964 patients and 25707 household controls. Among enrolled tuberculosis patients, 9% of patients died within a median follow-up period of 2.9 years: 342 (3.1%) during treatment and 637 (5.8%) after discharge. The standardized mortality ratio was 4.0 (95% confidence interval 3.7–4.2) among patients with tuberculosis, compared to the control population. Tuberculosis was the likely cause of death for 44.7% of these deceased patients.
Conclusions
Patients treated for tuberculosis had a markedly elevated risk of death, particularly in the post-treatment period. Interventions to reduce tuberculosis mortality must enhance the early detection of drug-resistance, improve treatment effectiveness, and address non-communicable diseases.
Summary
The present cross-sectional study constructed reference ranges for bone resorption marker beta isomerized form of C-terminal crosslinking telopeptides of type I collagen (beta-CTX) and bone ...formation marker procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP) for the Vietnamese population. We have further shown that for a given age and weight, higher levels of beta-CTX were significantly associated with bone mineral density in men and women.
Introduction
Normal bone is constantly renewed by two opposing processes of resorption and formation which can be reflected by bone turnover markers (BTMs). This study sought to define the contribution of BTMs to the variation in bone mineral density (BMD) in normal individuals.
Methods
The study involved 205 men and 432 women aged between 18 and 87, who were randomly selected from various districts within Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Fasting serum levels of PINP and beta-CTX were determined by electrochemiluminescence (Roche, ECLIA). BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic, Waltham, MA, USA).
Results
Among those aged < 50 years, women had lower PINP and beta-CTX levels than men, but among those aged > 50 years, women had higher PINP and beta-CTX levels than men. In the multiple linear regression analysis, beta-CTX—but not PINP—was significantly associated with both femoral neck (
P
= 0.008) and lumbar spine BMD (
P
= 0.008) and the association was independent of gender, age, and body weight. The proportion of variance in BMD attributable to beta-CTX was 1% for femoral neck BMD and 2% for lumbar spine BMD.
Conclusion
The elevation in bone formation marker PINP and bone resorption marker beta-CTX in postmenopausal women was greater than in elderly men. However, only beta-CTX was modestly but significantly associated with BMD.
Among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is highly diverse showing a broad phenotypic spectrum. ASD also couples with a broad range of mutations, both de ...novo and inherited. In this study, we used a proprietary SNP genotyping chip to analyze the genomic DNA of 250 Vietnamese children diagnosed with ASD. Our Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping chip directly targets more than 800 thousand SNPs in the genome. Our primary focus was to identify pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations that are potentially linked to more severe symptoms of autism. We identified and validated 23 pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations in this initial study. The data shows that these mutations were detected in several cases spanning multiple biological pathways. Among the confirmed SNPs, mutations were identified in genes previously known to be strongly associated with ASD such as SLCO1B1, ACADSB, TCF4, HCP5, MOCOS, SRD5A2, MCCC2, DCC, and PRKN while several other mutations are known to associate with autistic traits or other neurodevelopmental disorders. Some mutations were found in multiple patients and some patients carried multiple pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations. These findings contribute to the identification of potential targets for therapeutic solutions in what is considered a genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder.
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