Fibre Channel equipment has been evaluated in the environment of the ATLAS DAQ prototype “−1”. Fibre Channel PCI and PMC cards have been tested on PowerPC-based VME processor boards running LynxOS ...and on Pentium-based personal computers running Windows NT. The performance in terms of overhead and bandwidth has been measured in point-to-point, arbitrated loop and fabric configuration with a Fibre Channel switch. The possible use of the equipment for event building in the ATLAS DAQ prototype “−1” has been studied.
Software technologies for a prototype ATLAS DAQ Burckhart, D.; Jones, R.; Mapelli, L. ...
Computer Physics Communications,
05/1998, Letnik:
110, Številka:
1-3
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The ATLAS collaboration has defined a set of user requirements for the back-end software subsystem within the context of the data acquisition and event filter prototype “−1” project. Based on these ...requirements, a number of evaluations have been performed on candidate technologies and techniques in the areas of configuration data storage (Objectivity ODBMS; Rogue Wave Tools.h++ for C++ object persistence), inter-process communication (Corba; MPI), dynamic object behaviour (Harel StateChart generator), graphical user interfaces (cross-platform GUI builder; Java AWT) and software integration (ACE operating-system interface). This paper describes the important requirements which lead to the selection of these technologies, the results obtained from the evaluations and how we intend to apply them to the design and implementation phases of the project.
A project has been approved by the ATLAS Collaboration for the design and implementation of a Data Acquisition and Event Filter prototype, based on the functional architecture described in the ATLAS ...Technical Proposal. The prototype consists of a full “vertical” slice of the ATLAS Data Acquisition and Event Filter architecture, including all the hardware and software elements of the data flow, its control and monitoring as well as all the elements of a complete on-line system. This paper outlines the project, its goals, structure, schedule and current status and describes details of the system architecture and its components.
An interpolating two‐dimensional X‐ray imaging detector based on a single‐photon counter with gas amplification by GEM (gas electron multiplier) structures is presented. The detector system can be ...used for time‐resolved structure research down to the µs time domain. The prototype detector has been tested at the SAXS (small‐angle X‐ray scattering) beamline at ELETTRA synchrotron light source with a beam energy of 8 keV. The imaging performance is examined with apertures and standard diffraction targets. Finally, the application in a time‐resolved lipid temperature‐jump experiment is presented.
In the study, new nanospheres support containing ferrocene were synthesized and characterized, then the properties of nanospheres as biocatalysis were researched. Novel support was prepared from ...(Aminomethyl)polystyrene (AMP), tryptophan (Trp) and ferrocene aldehyde (Fc) and the enzymatic properties of immobilized glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) were investigated. Modified polystyrene was characterized IR spectra, Gel permeation chromatography and Scanning electron microscopy. Ferrocene-tagged nanospheres-GOx shows high reusability and storage capacity and fast incubation time determination of glucose. After 12 months, immobilized GOx to the AMP-Trp and AMP-Trp-Fc retained ca 20 % and 40 % for their original activity, respectively. High activities were found for modified polymers AMP-Trp-Fc retains more than 35 % of the initial activity after fifteenth successive cycles, which is a perfect performance.
The Compton camera is an imaging system where the vertex and the angle of the scattered gamma ray are reconstructed by measuring in coincidence the Compton electron and the scattered gamma ray. If ...one of the detectors has a modest time resolution a hardwired coincidence unit will lead to unsatisfying results at elevated rates. Therefore new concept of a software based coincidence system systems has been developed. This allows to record most events and to use additional information to solve possible ambiguities. The key elements are time stamps added to all signals and to process data in a first unit in order to rearrange the signals to good events. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out in order to assess the effects of detector dead time and dead time introduced by these necessary processing stages. It could be shown that the new data acquisition system behaves as if at high rates it is limited by an equivalent paralysable deadtime, which then translates to a rate dependent detective quantum efficiency (DQE). More detailed studies show that the time duration for the processing of an event in the processor of the system and the event buffer depth are controlling factors. This is important for system design to optimize the DQE for real time high data rate applications. Specifically, Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations are performed for highly efficient thick Si(Li) detectors where event reconstruction is compromised by the long drift times of the order of microseconds. Time stamping and realtime processing of complex event information remedies the drift problem which is demonstrated with the developed concept of DQE and equivalent time coincidence window width.
The recent developments in the semiconductor detector technology, in particular the pnCCD, makes it possible to measure energy and position of X-rays after scattering with the specimen at the same ...time. An interesting application for such a device is the measurement of a contrast medium in vivo or in vitro using the K-edge subtraction method. The pnCCD detectors developed at the semiconductor laboratory of Max-Planck-Institute are well suited for such applications. They show very high quantum efficiencies in the energy range between 1-15 keV and can be used in a single photon counting mode. The pnCCD used for these experiments comprises 256×256 pixels with a pixel size of 75×75 μm 2 and is equipped with a special analog frame buffer for high speed applications.
As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS Collaboration is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (CE) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The CE is a sampling calorimeter with ...unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. The calorimeter will be built with \(\sim\)30,000 hexagonal silicon modules. Prototype modules have been constructed with 6-inch hexagonal silicon sensors with cell areas of 1.1~\(cm^2\), and the SKIROC2-CMS readout ASIC. Beam tests of different sampling configurations were conducted with the prototype modules at DESY and CERN in 2017 and 2018. This paper describes the construction and commissioning of the CE calorimeter prototype, the silicon modules used in the construction, their basic performance, and the methods used for their calibration.
The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase ...will be an increase in the number of interactions in each bunch crossing and a significant increase in the total ionising dose and fluence. One part of this upgrade is the replacement of the current endcap calorimeters with a high granularity sampling calorimeter equipped with silicon sensors, designed to manage the high collision rates. As part of the development of this calorimeter, a series of beam tests have been conducted with different sampling configurations using prototype segmented silicon detectors. In the most recent of these tests, conducted in late 2018 at the CERN SPS, the performance of a prototype calorimeter equipped with \({\approx}12,000\rm{~channels}\) of silicon sensors was studied with beams of high-energy electrons, pions and muons. This paper describes the custom-built scalable data acquisition system that was built with readily available FPGA mezzanines and low-cost Raspberry PI computers.
Silicon drift detectors (SDD) are state of the art devices for spectroscopy applications. The utmost energy resolution can be obtained by means of low noise front-end electronics, having shaping time ...of the order of microseconds. We are proposing a new front-end electronics for applications that may benefit from higher rate capability while maintaining a reasonable spectroscopic resolution. The idea is to combine a high speed semi-Gaussian shaping amplifier (originally designed for gas detectors) with very compact high speed low noise input-output stages. The shaper amplifier is implemented in hybrid technology. The shaping time can be controlled from fins to ions.
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