This paper aims to improve the methodology and results accuracy of MEDALUS model for assessing land degradation sensitivity through the application of different data detail levels and by introducing ...the application of Ellenberg indices in metrics related to vegetation drought sensitivity assessment. For that purpose, the MEDALUS model was applied at 2 levels of detail. Level I (municipality level) implied the use of available large-scale databases and level II (watershed) contains more detailed information about vegetation used in the calculation of the VQI and MQI factors (Fig.
S6
). The comparison was made using data based on CORINE Land Cover (2012) and forest inventory data, complemented with object-based classification. Results showed that data based on forest inventory data with the application of Ellenberg’s indices and object-based classification have one class more, critical (C1 and C2) and that the percentage distribution of classes is different in both quantitative (area size of class sensitivity) and qualitative (aggregation and dispersion of sensitivity classes). The use of data from Forest Management Plans and the application of Ellenberg’s indices affect the quality of the results and find its application in the model, especially if these results are used for monitoring and land area management on fine scales. Remote sensed data images (Sentinel-2B) were introduced into the methodology as a very important environmental monitoring tool and model results validation.
This study was mainly aimed at constructing polymorphic site index curves for beech in the central (Rudnik mountain – RU, about 15,000 ha) and eastern (Žagubica – ŽA, about 7,000 ha) part of its ...distribution in Serbia. To obtain suitable height-age data and evaluate the best-fit growth model we used 107 felled dominant beech trees. The Korf, Korsun and Chapman-Richards growth functions per site class were first parameterized and then mutually compared with respect to residual statistics and the significance of their parameters. They were additionally parameterized in line with empirical data on the value and age of the culmination of current annual height increment (CAIh). The obtained results indicated that the Chapman-Richards growth function showed the best results both by statistical (residuals standard error, significance of the parameters, distribution of residuals, and homoscedasticity) and by empirical criteria (the CAIh culmination time, the maximal values of the CAIh, and the attained height of trees at a certain age) of the height-age beech modelling in the analyzed regions. The obtained polymorphic site index curves which classify sites with regard to their productivity can be very helpful in planning appropriate silvicultural treatments, and for decision-making in forest management planning, forest policy and ecology and, consequently, in the sustainable management of beech forests in Serbia and some neighbouring countries with a similar forestry sector development.
Moderno uzgajanje šuma, predviđanje rasta i prirasta, uređivanje šuma i donošenje odluka na različitim razinama, zahtijevaju pouzdane pokazatelje proizvodnosti staništa. Najvažniji pokazatelj potencijalne proizvodnosti šumskih staništa je dominantna visina sastojine u referentnoj dobi – stanišni indeks.
Usprkos velikom značenju evaluacije proizvodnog potencijala staništa za gospodarenje šumama, istraživanja proizvodnosti staništa u vidu stanišnih indeksa nisu intenzivno provođena u Srbiji, ali i u cijeloj regiji zemalja s prostora bivše države Jugoslavije (s izuzetkom Slovenije). Stoga je cilj istraživanja bio (1) modeliranje odnosa visine i starosti dominantnih stabala bukve i (2) konstrukcija polimorfnih krivulja stanišnih indeksa za bukvu u središnjoj i istočnoj Srbiji te (3) usporedba dobivenih rezultata iz Srbije s rezultatima o visinskom rastu i prirastu bukve iz zemalja u neposrednoj blizini.
Istraživanje je provedeno u bukovim jednodobnim sastojinama u području Žagubice – ŽA, u istočnoj Srbiji (oko 15.000 ha ukupne površine pod šumom) i planine Rudnik – RU, u središnjoj Srbiji (oko 7.000 ha ukupne površine pod šumom). Uzorak od 53 (ŽA) i 53 (RU) dominantnih stabala bukve korišten je za dobivanje odgovarajućih podataka o visini stabala u različitim dobima. Stabla su odabrana tako da pokrivaju širok raspon dobi i uvjeta staništa unutar područja istraživanih kompleksa bukovih šuma. Za utvrđivanje polimorfnih krivulja staništa testirane su funkcije Korfa, Korsuna i Chapman-Richardsa (CHR), čiji su parametri utvrđeni metodom predviđanja vrijednosti parametara.
Rezultati dobiveni u našoj studiji ukazali su da se CHR model pokazao najboljim i kada su u pitanju značajnost i preciznost predviđanja parametara modela, ali i biološke značajke modela koje se odnose na uklapanje modela u mjerene podatke o visinskom rastu i prirastu bukve. Također, raspodjela reziduala kod CHR modela pokazala je najmanja odstupanja od normalne, dok su ostala dva modela imala određeni stupanj heteroscedastičnosti.
Drugi poželjan kriterij za ocjenu modela indeksa staništa može biti njegovo „ponašanje“ u pogledu sličnosti rezultata dobivenih primjenom modela i empirijskih rezultata, u ovome slučaju s empirijskim podacima o dobi kulminacije i maksimalnih vrijednosti tečajnog visinskog prirasta (CAIh) po klasi staništa. Dobiveni rezultati sugeriraju da su se krivulje indeksa staništa generirane funkcijom CHR najbolje uklopile u podatke dobivene postupkom analize stabla. Modeli Korf i Korsun dali su relativno točne rezultate za najbolje dvije klase staništa (bonitete), ali generirali su nerealne procjene za slabije produktivna staništa. Stoga se može zaključiti da se CHR model pokazao najboljim i prema ovom biološkom kriteriju. Modelirani podaci o dobi kulminacije CAIh pokazali su da bukva na području RU i ŽA dostiže dob kulminacije godišnjeg tečajnog visinskog prirasta (CAIh) kasnije nego u Austriji i Hrvatskoj, dok je slična dobi utvrđenoj u Sloveniji i Srbiji (sa drugog područja).
Dobivene krivulje indeksa staništa ponajprije se trebaju koristiti za procjenu proizvodnog potencijala bukve na srednjim i nisko produktivnim staništima u Srbiji. Daljnje istraživanje u Srbiji treba provesti na najproizvodnijim staništima i u smjeru primjene nekih ‘’od bazične dobi nezavisnih’’ pristupa, kao što su algebrični diferencijalni pristup - ADA i generalizirani algebrični diferencijalni pristup – GADA. Determinirane polimorfne krivulje stanišnih indeksa bukve su vrlo korisne u određivanju odgovarajućih uzgojnih tretmana, općoj klasifikaciji staništa s obzirom na njihovu kvalitetu i za primjenu načela potrajnog gospodarenja šumama.
This essay uses an enactive approach to map out the ways Ontario teachers, students, and parents have reimagined online mathematics education at the K-12 level during the COVID-19 pandemic. The essay ...highlights the importance of education researchers using an appropriate framework in understanding the emerging mathematics education realities. It encourages education researchers to pay attention to this call to action while recognizing that such an action is not without challenges. To address the challenges, education researchers must engage with the evolving mathematics education environment and community by innovating and reimagining their research tools and techniques.
A period of stagnation in silver fir development has been recorded in all felled trees in selection forests of Serbia (233 trees on Mt. Goc and 451 trees on Mt. Tara). In the selection forests on Mt. ...Goc, the stagnation stage ranges between 40 and 330 years, but on Mt. Tara, it ranges from 15 to 185 years. It was concluded that the duration was caused not by the ecological and productivity potential (site class) of the soil for fir development, but primarily by the growth space, resulting from the application of single-tree selection or group selection systems. It was also found that the duration of latent state and tree sizes attained over that phase (except for height, and that was to a lesser extent) did not affect the silver fir tree development in the post-stagnation period.
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