The mechanisms underlying metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. C14orf159 is a mitochondrial matrix protein converting D-glutamate to 5-oxo-D-proline. Other metabolic functions of ...C14orf159, especially on mitochondrial metabolism, and its contribution to CRC metastasis, are not elucidated.
Metabolome analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, RNA-sequencing analysis, flow cytometry, migration and invasion assay, sphere-formation assay using C14orf159-knockout and -stable expressing cells, immunohistochemistry of C14orf159 in human CRC specimens, and xenograft experiments using Balb/c nude mice were conducted.
C14orf159 maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential of human CRC cells, and its involvement in amino acid and glutathione metabolism was demonstrated. In human CRC specimens, a decrease in C14orf159 expression at the invasive front of the tumour and in metastasis was determined. C14orf159 was also shown to attenuate the migration, invasion, and spheroid growth of CRC cells in vitro and colorectal tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, C14orf159 reduced the expression of genes involved in CRC metastasis, including members of the Wnt and MMP family, by maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential.
Our findings link mitochondrial membrane potential to Wnt/β-catenin signalling and reveal a previously unrecognised function of the mitochondrial matrix protein C14orf159 as a suppressor of CRC metastasis.
This study is aimed at investigating an inactivation process of microorganisms collected by a two-stage type electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The experimental system consisted of a discharging ...section and an electrostatic section. A bacterial culture of Staphylococcus aureus, as a model of airborne microorganisms, was put on the surface of grounded plate electrodes in these sections. Negative DC high voltages were applied to these sections. The gas flow velocity in the experimental system was 0.5 m/s. The survival ratio was calculated by the colony counting method, and the amount of 250-nm-absorbing substance, such as protein and minerals, was measured using a spectrophotometer. Living and dead microorganisms were distinguished using a fluorescence microscope, and their forms were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution on the surface of the grounded plate electrode was observed using a gel reagent. The collection efficiencies and the ozone concentrations were also measured in a single-stage ESP and the two-stage type ESP.
As a result, ROS concentration was the greatest under the wire electrode. The result of the colony count showed that microorganisms were inactivated by the corona discharge. The observation using the fluorescence microscope showed that the amount of dead microorganisms was greater than that of the living microorganisms after the inactivating treatment. The SEM observation revealed that the cell walls were destroyed, and the result obtained with the spectrophotometer showed an increase in the amount of 250-nm-absorbing substance. These results indicated ROS destroys cell walls and causes cell content to flow out, whereby microorganisms collected in an ESP are inactivated. It was also revealed that the collection efficiency can be improved without increasing ozone concentration and energy consumption in the two-stage type ESP.
•The inactivation process of microorganisms collected by a two-stage type electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is investigated.•The survival ratio and reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution are distinguished.•The collection efficiencies and the ozone concentrations are measured.•ROS destroys cell walls and causes cell content to flow out, whereby microorganisms are inactivated.•The collection efficiency can be improved without increasing ozone concentration in the two-stage type ESP.
Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide Sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) proteins are crucial for signal transduction and development in plants. Here, we investigate a Lotus japonicus symbiotic ...mutant defective in one of the SNARE proteins. When in symbiosis with rhizobia, the growth of the mutant was retarded compared with that of the wild-type plant. Although the mutant formed nodules, these exhibited lower nitrogen fixation activity than the wild type. The rhizobia were able to invade nodule cells, but enlarged symbiosomes were observed in the infected cells. The causal gene, designated LjSYP71 (for L. japonicus syntaxin of plants71), was identified by map-based cloning and shown to encode a Qc-SNARE protein homologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SYP71. LjSYP71 was expressed ubiquitously in shoot, roots, and nodules, and transcripts were detected in the vascular tissues. In the mutant, no other visible defects in plant morphology were observed. Furthermore, in the presence of combined nitrogen, the mutant plant grew almost as well as the wild type. These results suggest that the vascular tissues expressing LjSYP71 play a pivotal role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in L. japonicus nodules.
Soluble
N
-Ethylmaleimide Sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) proteins are crucial for signal transduction and development in plants. Here, we investigate a
Lotus japonicus
symbiotic ...mutant defective in one of the SNARE proteins. When in symbiosis with rhizobia, the growth of the mutant was retarded compared with that of the wild-type plant. Although the mutant formed nodules, these exhibited lower nitrogen fixation activity than the wild type. The rhizobia were able to invade nodule cells, but enlarged symbiosomes were observed in the infected cells. The causal gene, designated
LjSYP71
(for
L. japonicus syntaxin of plants71
), was identified by map-based cloning and shown to encode a Qc-SNARE protein homologous to Arabidopsis (
Arabidopsis thaliana
) SYP71.
LjSYP71
was expressed ubiquitously in shoot, roots, and nodules, and transcripts were detected in the vascular tissues. In the mutant, no other visible defects in plant morphology were observed. Furthermore, in the presence of combined nitrogen, the mutant plant grew almost as well as the wild type. These results suggest that the vascular tissues expressing
LjSYP71
play a pivotal role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in
L. japonicus
nodules.
The concept of transparency has been interpreted in many ways while the architects create various architectural spaces based on their idea and logic. Furthermore, architects construct the ...relationship between architecture and surroundings or times, thus, explanation of the concept of transparency becomes various. Therefore, by making the polysemy of transparency clear, we would find a new axis when interpreting and criticizing the architectural spaces which are based on the architects' thought. In this research, we analyzed text description of buildings by architects and finally revealed 24 types of polysemy of transparency and their relationship.
A method for the nucleophilic amination of methoxy arenes was established by using sodium hydride (NaH) in the presence of lithium iodide (LiI). This method offers an efficient route to benzannulated ...nitrogen heterocycles. Mechanistic studies showed that the reaction proceeds through an unusual concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
Come full circle: A method for the nucleophilic amination of methoxy arenes was established by using sodium hydride (NaH) in the presence of lithium iodide (LiI). This method offers an efficient route to benzannulated nitrogen heterocycles. Mechanistic studies showed that the reaction proceeds through an unusual concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
Roadmap of incoherent digital holography Tahara, Tatsuki; Zhang, Yaping; Rosen, Joseph ...
Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics,
11/2022, Letnik:
128, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This roadmap article focuses on spatially incoherent digital holography (IDH). Representative IDH methods such as optical scanning holography (OSH), Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH), ...coded aperture correlation holography (COACH), IDH with a Fresnel zone aperture, and IDH with an interferometer along with a state-of-the-art optical device are introduced as modern IDH methods. We describe these IDH techniques with applications of three-dimensional (3D) imagers, 3D thermography, and 3D microscopy.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly increases the use of mechanical ventilation (MV). Such cases further require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and have a high ...mortality.
We aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers pathophysiologically reflecting future deterioration of COVID-19.
Clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were collected from 102 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Interleukin (IL)-6 level and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA copy number in plasma were assessed with ELISA kit and quantitative PCR.
Twelve patients died or required ECMO owing to acute respiratory distress syndrome despite the use of MV. Among various variables, a ratio of oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2), IL-6, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA on admission before intubation were strongly predictive of fatal outcomes after the MV use. Moreover, among these variables, combining SpO2/FiO2, IL-6, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA showed the highest accuracy (area under the curve: 0.934). In patients with low SpO2/FiO2 (< 261), fatal event-rate after the MV use at the 30-day was significantly higher in patients with high IL-6 (> 49 pg/mL) and SARS-CoV-2 RNAaemia (> 1.5 copies/μL) compared to those with high IL-6 or RNAaemia or without high IL-6 and RNAaemia (88% vs. 22% or 8%, log-rank test P = 0.0097 or P < 0.0001, respectively).
Combining SpO2/FiO2 with high IL-6 and SARS-CoV-2 RNAaemia which reflect hyperinflammation and viral overload allows accurately and before intubation identifying COVID-19 patients at high risk for ECMO use or in-hospital death despite the use of MV.
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