The efficacies of specific
Bothrops atrox-
Lachesis and standard
Bothrops-
Lachesis antivenoms were compared in the north eastern Amazon region of Brazil. The main aim was to investigate whether a ...specific antivenom raised against the venom of
B. atrox, the most important Amazon snake species from a medical point of view, was necessary for the treatment of patients in this region. Seventy-four patients with local and systemic effects of envenoming by
Bothrops or
Lachesis snakes were randomly allocated to receive either specific (
n=38) or standard (
n=36) antivenoms. In 46 cases (24 in the standard antivenom group, 22 in the other) the snake was identified either by enzyme immunoassay or by examination of the dead snake, as
B. atrox in 45,
L. muta in one. Patients were similar in all clinical and epidemiological respects before treatment. Results indicated that both antivenoms were equally effective in reversing all signs of envenoming detected both clinically and in the laboratory. Venom-induced haemostatic abnormalities were resolved within 24
h after the start of antivenom therapy in most patients. The extent of local complications, such as local skin necrosis and secondary infection, was similar in both groups. There were no deaths. The incidence of early anaphylactic reactions was 18% and 19%, respectively for specific and standard antivenoms; none was life-threatening. Measurement of serum venom concentrations by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) confirmed that both antivenoms cleared venom antigenaemia effectively. EIA also revealed that one patient had been bitten by
Lachesis muta, although the clinical features in this case were not distinctive.
The treatment of obesity and diabetes involves weight loss and metabolic control. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the remission of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the reduction of ...cardiometabolic risk (CR), in patients with obesity and T2DM, after five years of Bariatric Surgery (BS) and followed up in the Public Healthcare System (PHS).
This is an observational, retrospective, and analytical study, single-center, with pre-diabetes or T2DM, with five years or more of conventional treatment (CT, n = 38) or BS (n = 33). Socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, biochemical, drugs intake, cardiovascular, and glycemic parameters were evaluated.
The baseline characteristics of the BS and CT samples were similar. The study consisted predominantly of women (91.6%) and had a mean age of 46.1 ± 9.0 years. The BS group waited an average of 28.3 ± 24.4 months prior to surgery, and 93.9% had a gastric bypass. Compared to the CT group, the BS group had a higher level of educational achievement (p = 0.001), a higher prevalence of social drinkers (p = 0.006), and a higher BMI (p < 0.001). After five years, 22 patients (66,7%) of the BS group had complete remission of T2DM and 20 (60,6%) had remission of CR (both p < 0.0001). In the CT group 1 (2,6%) and 7 (18.4%) had remission of T2DM and CR respectively.
BS is superior to CT for achieving remission of pre-diabetes/T2DM, reducing CR, and anthropometric markers in patients with obesity.
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•Bariatric surgery can promote long-term remission of diabetes.•Bariatric surgery was able to reduce cardiovascular risk.•Bariatric surgery was able to reduce cardiometabolic risk.•Bariatric surgery promotes the reduction of biochemical, hemodynamic, and anthropometric parameters.
•Noni-PLS is composed by homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan.•Noni-PLS reduced inflammatory process.•Noni-PLS also reduced the MPO and GSH levels.
Polysaccharides extracted from plants are very ...promising molecules in the field of pharmacotherapy. Knowing this, the aim of this study was to extract, characterize and evaluate the action of the polysaccharide of Morinda citrifolia Linn (Noni-PLS) in biological models of inflammatory processes. The characterization tests shown that sample refers to a heteropolysaccharide composed mainly of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan. This polysaccharide at dose of 10 mg/kg, when tested in our models of inflammation, showed significant activity in reducing carrageenan-induced paw oedema as well as all mediators edemas. This polysaccharide was able to inhibit the migration of leukocytes to the site of inflammation, and still reduced inflammatory nociception tests. This results, allows us to conclude that the polysaccharide extracted from Morinda citrifolia linn has anti-inflammatory potential since it reversed inflammatory parameters such as edema, leukocyte migration and nociception.
Cryptic species meet the biological definition of species, but are morphologically identical or quite similar. Several ecological studies underestimate richness and neglect important information on ...cryptic species, as they are rather difficult to identify. Among insects, drosophilids of the willistoni subgroup, which includes Drosophila willistoni Sturtevant, Drosophila paulistorum Dobzhansky & Pavan, Drosophila equinoxialis Dobzhansky, Drosophila tropicalis Burla & da Cunha, Drosophila insularis Dobzhansky, and Drosophila pavlovskiana Kastritsis & Dobzhansky, are good examples of cryptic species. Although several studies have shown that this subgroup is one of the most abundant in the Neotropical region, no identification to species level has been reported for areas where these individuals live in sympatry. This study evaluates the seasonal oscillations in abundance of this subgroup in biomes with contrasting vegetation and rainfall regimes: the Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest, in northeastern Brazil. Approximately 39,000 drosophilids were captured in 24 collections, of which 18,000 belonged to the willistoni subgroup. The most abundant were D. willistoni, D. paulistorum, and D. equinoxialis, in this order. D. equinoxialis was recorded in only one of the environments surveyed, represented by few individuals. In all environments, individuals of the willistoni subgroup were more abundant in the rainy season, when richness often was higher. The results underline the importance of humidity and of temperature for the subgroup willistoni and indicate the ecological versatility of some of its species.
The difficulties of implementing palliative care Araújo, Mariângela Ferraz Rodrigues; Santos, Ana Paula Saldanha; Amorim, Andressa Jordânia Alves de ...
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science,
2022, Letnik:
9, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Palliative Joint Care (PC) is a set of palpable care practices that aim to prevent patients from increasing patients with diseases or a more advanced stage according to their disease. Care is ...provided by a multidisciplinary team, composed of nurses, nutritionists, nutritionists, doctors, whose purpose is to relieve autonomy, making what has one and the patient possible to prepare the death in their own way. The study aims to analyze the importance through qualitative data and what are the difficulties for the implementation of palliative care in the Adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU). It consists of a literature review, through a bibliographic survey, with an exploratory and relative approach, not on the physiotherapeutic performance in palliative care within the same Intensive Care (ICU) system, and how the environment among professionals is seen and graphic care multidisciplinary teams within hospitals. Realizing the importance of palliative care for critically ill patients, endorsing the phases of the patient's importance, was possible, in addition to the importance in this process. The prioritization of the patient's well-being in an intensive environment is always the focus of the treatment from the initial point, until its delivery, always maximizing its intention, psychological and physical health in a global way, where all the professionals involved are of paramount importance. with responsibility.
Decentralization and Humanization of Public Health Services e Silva, Marlene Simões; do Lago, Pamela Nery; Pinto, Carolina Costa ...
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science,
2022, Letnik:
9, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The public disservice in health has become part of the daily lives of citizens, even with public policies of humanization and decentralization of services, representing an exceptional milestone for ...Brazilian public health. Thus, this research will investigate the proposal for decentralization and humanization of services to users, in line with article 6 of the Federal Constitution of Brazil (1988), and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It consists of a bibliographic survey, in which it was investigated through the Virtual Library in Saúyde, in the SciELO, LILACS databases and in the national legislation portal, in which the laws, decrees and ordinances referring to the subject of the study were researched, since which aims to present a proposal for the decentralization and humanization of health services to users in Brazil. 17 publications were analyzed in full, which were suitable for the purpose of this review. The decentralization of health services in Brazil is an important advance, bringing autonomy to health regions and a more directed management towards the adequate allocation of public resources to health in the country. Despite the legal support, what is perceived in practice is still far from what was expected and there is a long way to go to reach the desired quality standard when it comes to humanization of care. It is concluded, then, that even if the current legislation, there is still an important path to be followed for the health services provided in our country, present the desired level of excellence.
There are many reports of pharmacological activities of extracts and fractions of different vegetable-derived products in the scientific literature and in folk medicine. Ethnopharmacological use of ...these products by various communities continues to be extensively explored, and they account for more than half of all medications used worldwide. Polysaccharides (PLS) extracted from plants such as Morinda Citrifolia Linn present therapeutic potential in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC).
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of Noni-PLS against the intestinal damage in UC induced by acetic acid in mice.
In acetic acid-induced colitis, the mice were treated intraperitoneally (ip) with Noni-PLS (0.1, 0.3, and 3.0 mg/kg) or subcutaneously (sc) with dexamethasone (2.0 mg/kg) 30 min before euthanasia to determine the best dose of Noni-PLS with an anti-inflammatory effect in the course of UC. The colonic tissue samples were collected for macroscopic, wet weight, microscopic and biochemical (myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate/nitrite (NO3/NO2), cytokines, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS)) analyses.
Treatment with Noni-PLS reduced the intestinal damage induced by acetic acid as it reduced macroscopic and microscopic scores and the wet weight of the colon. In addition, MPO activity and levels of GSH, MDA, NO3/NO2, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and COX-2 expression reduced.
This study suggests that Noni-PLS exhibits anti-inflammatory action against intestinal damage by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory action of cytokines, COX-2 and iNOS expression in the inflamed colon. Noni-PLS shows therapeutic potential against inflammatory disorders like UC.
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The association of obesity and dietary patterns has been well documented in scientific literature; however, information on the impact of meal patterns on obesity is scarce. The objective of this ...study was to investigate the association of adherence to lunch patterns and body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of individuals aged 20 years or older in Sao Paulo.
Data for 933 participants were retrieved from the Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2008), a cross-sectional population-based survey. The usual dietary intake of individuals with at least one 24-h recall was estimated by the Multiple Source Method. The definition of lunch was self-reported by the participant. Five lunch patterns were derived from twenty-two food groups by exploratory factor analysis: Traditional, Western, Sweetened juice, Salad, and Meats. To estimate the effect of lunch patterns on BMI, we used a generalized linear model with link identity and inverse Gaussian distribution. Analyses were adjusted by age, gender, household income per capita, physical activity levels, smoking status, alcohol consumption, total energy intake, and misreporting status.
The greater adherence to the traditional pattern at the lunch meal was associated with lower BMI, only in insufficiently active individuals (ß = -0.78; 95% CI -1.57; -0.02).
The traditional Brazilian lunch pattern might protect the insufficiently active individuals against obesity.
The morphological study of limbs is important for the understanding of tetrapod biology, where it can be applied to taxonomy and phylogeny, as well ecology and behavior. In this study area, ...osteogenesis is a subject in Kinosternidae, which has been little researched. The main aim of this study was to characterize the skeletogenesis of Kinosternon scorpioides limbs. Samples were histologically processed, and the embryos were cleared with potassium hydroxide and stained with alcian blue and alizarin red. It was observed that the limbs arose in embryonic Stage 10 as mesenchymal condensate cells. The first stylopodium chondrification centers were noted at Stage 14. Zeugopodium chondrification centers appeared at Stage 15; carpal, metacarpal, tarsal, and metatarsal regions were observed at Stage 16, and the cartilage molds of all bones limbs were present at Stage 18. Ossification began in the humerus and femur at Stage 20, and continued into the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula bones. By Stage 23, it was already effectively directed toward the bone epiphyses in both limbs. At Stage 26 and hatching, only articular cartilages remained, and in the majority of samples the carpal region showed no affinity for alcian blue or alizarin red staining. This study acts as an indicative parameter of the taxon's normal development and can contribute to the phylogenetic understanding of this group.
Resumo
O estudo morfológico dos membros é importante para o entendimento da biologia dos tetrápodes, onde pode ser aplicado à taxonomia e filogenia, bem como à ecologia e ao comportamento. Nesta área de estudo, a osteogênese é um assunto pouco pesquisado nos Kinosternidae. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi caracterizar a esqueletogênese dos membros do Kinosternon scorpioides. As amostras foram processadas histologicamente e os embriões foram clarificados com hidróxido de potássio e corados com azul de alcian e vermelho de alizarina. Foi observado que os membros surgiram no estágio embrionário 10 como células mesenquimais condensadas. Os primeiros centros de condrificação do estilopódio foram observados no Estágio 14. Os centros de condrificação zeugopódio apareceram no Estágio 15; as regiões carpal, metacarpal, tarsal e metatarsal foram observadas no Estágio 16, e os moldes de cartilagem de todos os membros dos ossos estavam presentes no estágio 18. A ossificação começou no úmero e no fêmur no Estágio 20, e continuou nos ossos rádio, ulna, tíbia e fíbula. No Estágio 23, foi efetivamente direcionada para as epífises ósseas em ambos os membros. No estágio 26 e em recém‐eclodidos, apenas as cartilagens articulares permaneceram, e na maioria das amostras a região carpal não mostrou afinidade para coloração com azul de alcian ou vermelho de alizarina. Este estudo atua como um parâmetro indicativo do desenvolvimento normal do táxon e pode contribuir para o entendimento filogenético desse grupo.
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