Ipomoea coccinea L. (Convolvulaceae): une nouvelle espèce de plante exotique introduite en Turquie
Cette étude documente le premier signalement d'Ipomoea coccinea L. (Convolvulaceae), ipomée à fleurs ...rouges en Turquie. L’analyse de la littérature scientifique révèle que ce taxon n'a pas encore été enregistré au sein de la flore de Turquie. Cette espèce a été principalement observée sur les talus situés le long de la route allant d’Ardeşen à Çamlıhemşin en 2016. Elle a été signalée de nouveau en 2019 avec une extension de la zone d’infestation et une augmentation significative de la densité de population. I. coccinea a été observée dans les zones perturbées le long des routes, aux abords des plantations de thé, dans les champs abandonnés et dans diverses zones en friche. La dissémination rapide de l'espèce sur une courte période laisse penser qu'elle pourrait devenir à l'avenir une espèce problématique si des mesures de gestions n’étaient pas prises. C'est pourquoi des stratégies de gestion efficaces doivent être élaborées afin d’empêcher sa dissémination. Des études de modélisation et d'évaluation du risque sont nécessaires afin de prévoir sa dissémination potentielle et les risques éventuels que cette espèce présente pour les différents écosystèmes.
Ipomoea coccinea L. (Convolvulaceae): нoвый интpoдyциpoвaнный чyжepoдный вид pacтeний в Typции.
B дaннoм иccлeдoвaнии пpивoдятcя пepвыe cвeдeния oб Ipomoea coccinea L. (Convolvulaceae), red morning glory из Typции. Oбзop литepaтypы пoкaзaл, чтo этoт вид eщё нe был зapeгиcтpиpoвaн для флopы Typции. B тeчeниe 2016 г. oн в ocнoвнoм нaблюдaлcя нa oбoчинax вдoль дopoги Apдэшeн‐Чaмлиxeмшин. Oн был внoвь зapeгиcтpиpoвaн в 2019 гoдy c нeкoтopым pacшиpeниeм oxвaчeннoй зoны и знaчитeльным yвeличeниeм плoтнocти пoпyляции. I. coccinea былa зaмeчeнa в пoвpeждённыx зoнax вдoль дopoг, пo кpaям чaйныx плaнтaций, нa зaбpoшeнныx пoляx и нa дpyгиx пycтoшax. Быcтpoe pacпpocтpaнeниe этoгo видa зa кopoткий пepиoд вpeмeни пoзвoляeт пpeдпoлoжить, чтo в бyдyщeм oн мoжeт cтaть пpoблeмным видoм, ecли eгo нe бyдyт кoнтpoлиpoвaть. Пoэтoмy, чтoбы ocтaнoвить eгo дaльнeйшee pacпpocтpaнeниe, нeoбxoдимo paзpaбoтaть эффeктивныe cтpaтeгии yпpaвлeния. Teм нe мeнee, для пpoгнoзиpoвaния пoтeнциaльнoгo pacпpocтpaнeния этoгo видa и вoзмoжныx pиcкoв для paзличныx экocиcтeм нeoбxoдимы мoдeлиpoвaниe и иccлeдoвaния пo oцeнкe pиcкoв.
This study reports the first record of Ipomoea coccinea L. (Convolvulaceae), red morning glory from Turkey. The literature review revealed that this taxon has not been recorded yet for the flora of Turkey. The species was mainly observed on the embankments along the Ardeşen‐Çamlıhemşin road during 2016. It was again recorded during 2019 with a certain extension of the invaded area and a significant increase in population density. I. coccinea was observed in disturbed areas along roads, on the edges of tea plantations, in abandoned fields and in other waste lands. The rapid spread of the species in a short period of time suggests that it could become troublesome in future, if not managed. Therefore effective management strategies must be developed to halt its further spread. Modelling and risk assessment studies are needed to predict the potential spread and possible risks of the species to different ecosystems.
Citrus is an important export commodity, mostly grown on Mediterranean and Aegean coasts of Turkey. Weeds are hidden foes impairing citrus productivity. Limited knowledge of weed distribution and ...factors affecting the distribution are among major hurdles in successful weed management. In this study, weed flora of citrus orchards and factors affecting its distributions in Mugla province of Turkey were determined. Sixty orchards were surveyed in spring and autumn seasons of 2010 and 2011. Data relating to frequency, coverage and density of weed species were recorded. Soil samples (0-30 cm depth) were collected and analyzed for physicochemical properties. Climatic variables, altitude and soil properties were correlated with weed flora. Sixty-eight weed species belonging to 30 families were documented. Higher number of weed species (54) was recorded in spring season compared with autumn (29 weed species). Annuals and therophytes were the most dominant growth and life forms, respectively. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to correlate soil properties and weed vegetation data yielded three distinct groups dominated by phosphorus, sand and silt contents, which affected weed distribution. CCA to correlate vegetation data and weather attributes produced two distinct groups affected by altitude and precipitation. Generally, cosmopolitan weeds adapted to different ecosystems were observed during the survey. Keeping in view the spatial variability of soil and nature of weeds, site-specific/orchard-specific weed management practices are recommended to be opted for successful weed management.
RESUMO: Os citros são uma importante mercadoria de exportação, cultivados sobretudo na costa dos mares Mediterrâneo e Egeu, na Turquia. Por sua vez, as plantas daninhas são inimigos ocultos que prejudicam a produtividade dos citros. O conhecimento limitado sobre a distribuição de plantas daninhas e os fatores que afetam essa distribuição está entre os principais obstáculos ao manejo eficiente. Neste estudo, foram determinados a flora de plantas daninhas de pomares cítricos e os fatores que afetaram as respectivas distribuições na província de Mugla, na Turquia. Sessenta pomares foram pesquisados nas estações de primavera e outono de 2010 e 2011. Foram registrados dados relativos a frequência, cobertura e densidade de espécies de plantas daninhas. Amostras de solo (0 a 30 cm de profundidade) foram coletadas e analisadas quanto às propriedades físico-químicas. As variáveis climáticas, a altitude e as propriedades do solo foram correlacionadas com a flora das plantas daninhas. Foram documentadas 68 espécies de plantas, pertencentes a 30 famílias. Um número maior de espécies de plantas daninhas (54) foi registrado na primavera, em comparação com o outono (29 espécies). Plantas anuais e terófitos foram as formas de crescimento e de vida prevalentes, respectivamente. A Análise de Correspondência Canônica (CCA), utilizada para correlacionar as propriedades do solo e os dados da flora das plantas daninhas, produziu três grupos distintos, dominados pelos conteúdos de fósforo, areia e limo, os quais afetaram a distribuição das plantas. A CCA usada para correlacionar dados da flora e atributos climáticos produziu dois grupos distintos, afetados pela altitude e precipitação. De modo geral, durante a pesquisa, foram observadas plantas daninhas cosmopolitas adaptadas a diferentes ecossistemas. Tendo em vista a variabilidade espacial do solo e a natureza das plantas daninhas, recomenda-se a escolha de práticas de manejo específicas para cada local/pomar, a fim de propiciar o manejo bem-sucedido delas.
This article presents new records of fungi and downy mildews in Turkey on different weeds of agrophytocoenosis. These records include Plectosphaerella alismatis (Oudem.) A.J.L. Phillips, Carlucci & ...M.L. Raimondo (on Alisma plantago-aquatica L.), Pyricularia grisea Sacc. (on Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.), Phakopsora artemisiae Hirats. (on Artemisia dracunculus L.), Puccinia rubefaciens Johanson (on Galium sp.), Ustilago trichophora (Link) Kunze (on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), Peronospora astragalina Syd. (on Astragalus homosus L.) and P. myagri Mayor (on Myagrum perfoliatum L.). Plectosphaerella and Phakopsora as generic level and others as species are new records from Turkey. Description and illustrations of the identified fungi are presented, which all are based on Turkish specimens. The identified fungi could be potential biological control agents; however, detailed studies are needed in this regard.
RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta novos registros de fungos na Turquia sobre diferentes plantas daninhas da agrofitocenose. Esses registros incluem Plectosphaerella alismatis (Oudem.) A.J.L. Phillips, Carlucci e M.L. Raimondo (em Alisma plantago-aquatica L.), Pyricularia grisea Sacc. (em Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.), Phakopsora artemisiae Hirats. (em Artemisia dracunculus L.), Puccinia rubefaciens Johanson (em Galium sp.), Ustilago trichophora (Link) Kunze (em Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.), Peronospora astragalina Syd. (em Astragalus homosus L.) e P. myagri Mayor (em Myagrum perfoliatum L.). Plectosphaerella e Phakopsora como nível genérico e outros como espécies, originando novos registros da Turquia. A descrição e a ilustração dos fungos identificados são apresentadas, sendo todos baseados em espécimes turcos. Os fungos identificados podem ser potenciais agentes de controle biológico, porém estudos detalhados são necessários nesse sentido.
Summary
Background
Mastectomy when performed with scalpel and electrocautery is associated with some blood loss and morbidity in the form of prolonged drainage, seroma, wound infection, flap ...necrosis, and hematoma.
Methods
A total of 120 patients operated with mastectomy enrolled for the study. The groups were defined by the instruments used for flap preparation: 41 patients operated with electrocautery, 40 patients operated with scalpel, and 39 patients operated with harmonic scalpel formed three groups. The need for closed suction drains, the amount and duration of seroma, surgical site infection, hematoma, and flap ischemia and necrosis were evaluated.
Results
The amounts of intraoperative blood loss in electrocautery and harmonic scalpel groups were 560 and 500 mL, respectively, and it was increased to 750 mL in scalpel group (
p
= 0.001). Total drainage amounts of scalpel and harmonic scalpel groups were 894 and 908 mL, respectively, and it was increased to 1,113 mL in electrocautery group (
p
= 0.0033). Seroma incidence rates in scalpel, electrocautery, and harmonic scalpel groups were 45, 65 and 28 %, respectively (
p
= 0.003). The differences between groups in relation to the duration of surgery, breast volume and weight, the areas of flap dissection, the duration of closed suction drainage, and the amount of early drainage were not statistically significant. There was also no difference between groups with regard to hematoma, flap necrosis, and ecchymosis and infection rates.
Conclusions
Although the use of harmonic scalpel reduces the risk of seroma formation and intraoperative blood loss, further studies are needed to verify the real impact of such technique.
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