A total of 358 samples nasal discharges (215), lung tissue (6), pleural fluid (4), joint fluid (5), milk (60), preputial swabs (22), conjunctival swabs (16), ear swabs (5) and vaginal discharges (25) ...were subjected for cultural isolation on MBHS-L and MBHS-A media. Of these, a total of 30 isolates (8.35 %) of Mycoplasma species, (20 from nasal discharges, 4 from lung tissue, 2 from pleural fluid, 3 from milk and 1 from joint fluid) were isolated and characterized biochemically and identified as M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. capricolum subsp. capricolum by PCR and PCR-RFLP. The isolates were identified as the Mycoplasma species by their cultural, morphological, biochemical characteristics and this was further confirmed by PCR and PCR-RFLP using different cluster, group and species specific primer pairs and by restriction enzyme respectively. This is a rare report on the isolation, identification and molecular characterization of goat Mycoplasma species in Western India. These studies have revealed a high prevalence of Mycoplasma species infection in Western India. Key words: India, mycoplasmas, goats, M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum Ukupno je 358 uzoraka razlicitog materijala koza bilo nacijepljeno na hranjive podloge MBHS-L and MBHS-A radi izdvajanja mikoplazama. Pretrazeno je bilo 215 uzoraka nosnog iscjetka, sest uzoraka plucnog tkiva, cetiri uzorka pleuralne tekucine, pet uzoraka zglobne tekucine, 60 uzoraka mlijeka, 22 uzorka prepucijskog ispirka, 16 uzoraka obriska ocne spojnice, pet uzoraka obriska uske i 25 uzoraka vaginalnog iscjetka. Mikoplazme su bile izdvojene iz 30 (8,35%) uzoraka, od cega iz 20 uzoraka nosnog iscjetka, cetiri uzorka plucnog tkiva, dva pleuralne tekucine, tri uzorka mlijeka i jednog uzorka zglobne tekucine. Izolati su bili identificirani kao M. mycoides subsp. capri i M. capricolum subsp. capricolum i to na osnovi kulturalnih, morfoloskih i biokemijskih svojstava te dodatne potvrde lancanom reakcijom polimerazom i PCR--RFLP rabeci razlicite skupine specificnih pocetnica i restrikcijskih enzima. Ovo je rijetko izvjesce o izdvajanju, identifikaciji molekularnim svojstvima mikoplazama u Zapadnoj Indiji,, koje ujedno pokazuje da je na tom podrucju velika ucestalost mikoplazmalnih zaraza u koza. Kljucne rijeci: Indija, mikoplazme, koze, M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum
Ukupno je 358 uzoraka različitog materijala koza bilo nacijepljeno na hranjive podloge MBHS-L and MBHS-A radi izdvajanja mikoplazama. Pretraženo je bilo 215 uzoraka nosnog iscjetka, šest uzoraka ...plućnog tkiva, četiri uzorka pleuralne tekućine, pet uzoraka zglobne tekućine, 60 uzoraka mlijeka, 22 uzorka prepucijskog ispirka, 16 uzoraka obriska očne spojnice, pet uzoraka obriska uške i 25 uzoraka vaginalnog iscjetka. Mikoplazme su bile izdvojene iz 30 (8,35%) uzoraka, od čega iz 20 uzoraka nosnog iscjetka, četiri uzorka plućnog tkiva, dva pleuralne tekućine, tri uzorka mlijeka i jednog uzorka zglobne tekućine. Izolati su bili identificirani kao M. mycoides subsp. capri i M. capricolum subsp. capricolum i to na osnovi kulturalnih, morfoloških i biokemijskih svojstava te dodatne potvrde lančanom reakcijom polimerazom i PCR-RFLP rabeći različite skupine specifičnih početnica i restrikcijskih enzima. Ovo je rijetko izvješće o izdvajanju, identifikaciji i molekularnim svojstvima mikoplazama u Zapadnoj Indiji, koje ujedno pokazuje da je na tom području velika učestalost mikoplazmalnih zaraza u koza.
Evidence for the management of acute otitis externa (AOE) is limited, with unclear diagnostic criteria and variably reported outcome measures that may not reflect key stakeholder priorities. We aimed ...to develop 1) a definition, 2) diagnostic criteria and 3) a core outcome set (COS) for AOE.
COS development according to Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) methodology and parallel consensus selection of diagnostic criteria/definition.
Stakeholders from the United Kingdom.
Comprehensive literature review identified candidate items for the COS, definition and diagnostic criteria. Nine individuals with past AOE generated further patient-centred candidate items. Candidate items were rated for importance by patient and professional (ENT doctors, general practitioners, microbiologists, nurses, audiologists) stakeholders in a three-round online Delphi exercise. Consensus items were grouped to form the COS, diagnostic criteria, and definition.
Candidate COS items from patients (n = 28) and literature (n = 25) were deduplicated and amalgamated to a final candidate list (n = 46). Patients emphasised quality-of-life and the impact on daily activities/work. Via the Delphi process, stakeholders agreed on 31 candidate items. The final COS covered six outcomes: pain; disease severity; impact on quality-of-life and daily activities; patient satisfaction; treatment-related outcome; and microbiology. 14 candidate diagnostic criteria were identified, 8 reaching inclusion consensus. The final definition for AOE was 'diffuse inflammation of the ear canal skin of less than 6 weeks duration'.
The development and adoption of a consensus definition, diagnostic criteria and a COS will help to standardise future research in AOE, facilitating meta-analysis. Consulting former patients throughout development highlighted deficiencies in the outcomes adopted previously, in particular concerning the impact of AOE on daily life.