Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric procoagulant plasma glycoprotein that mediates platelet adhesion along the endothelium. In addition to its role maintaining normal hemostasis, more ...recently novel biological functions for VWF have been described, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Significantly increased plasma VWF levels have been reported across a variety of cancer patient cohorts. Given that VWF is established as a risk factor for venous thrombosis, this is of direct clinical importance. Moreover, elevated VWF has also been observed localized within the tumor microenvironment, correlating with advanced disease stage and poorer clinical outcome. Critically, evidence suggests that elevated VWF levels in cancer patients may not only contribute to cancer associated coagulopathies but may also mediate cancer progression and metastasis. Studies have shown that VWF can promote pro‐inflammatory signaling, regulate angiogenesis and vascular permeability, which may facilitate tumor cell growth and extravasation across the vessel wall. Endothelial secreted VWF multimers contribute to the adhesion and transendothelial migration of tumor cells key for tumor dissemination. In support of this, VWF inhibition attenuated metastasis in vivo. Perhaps most intriguingly, specific tumor cells have been reported to acquire de novo VWF expression which increases tumor‐platelet heteroaggregates and confers enhanced metastatic activity. Current knowledge on the roles of VWF in cancer and in particular its contribution to metastasis and cancer associated coagulopathies is summarized in this review.
A molecular dynamic (MD) simulation has been performed to study the creep behavior and structural evaluation during creep process of nano-joint of nano-crystalline (NC) Ni and Fe–Ni–Cr alloy (18at.% ...Cr, 8at.% Ni and rest Fe) using EAM potential. A simulation box of 14.4×14.4×14.4nm dimension having 254,407 atoms is taken for performing MD simulation. MD simulation of creep of this nano-joint has been performed for different temperatures and different applied load. Centro-symmetry parameter (CSP) analysis, common neighbor analysis (CNA), radial distribution function (RDF), Wigner–Seitz defect analysis, and Voronoi cluster analysis (VCs) have been performed to study structural evolution during creep process. Dislocation also plays a role along with the grain boundary diffusion at least for primary and secondary regime of creep process of this nano-joint between NC Ni and Fe–Ni–Cr alloy. The average displacement of the atoms in the regions (±1nm, ±2nm, and ±3nm) adjacent to the interface during creep process is calculated using traction and separation method to study the atomic movement near the interface. The atoms are observed to be displaced more which are nearer to the interface during creep of this nano-joint system.
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•Creep curves of nano-joint have three regimes: short primary, very short secondary, and extensive tertiary creep regimes.•The nano-joint specimen undergoes amorphization with the progress of creep deformation.•Besides grain boundary diffusion, dislocation also plays a role during primary and secondary regimes of creep process.
The molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets functionalized fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor has been reported for the sensitive detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The ...MoS2 nanosheets were prepared by chemical exfoliation method. The synthesised nanostructures were characterized for their structural, morphological and optical properties. The E. coli monoclonal antibodies were successfully immobilized on the MoS2 functionalized sensing platform via hydrophobic interactions. An alternative method simplifying the antibodies immobilization process by functionalization of 2D nanomaterial (MoS2 nanosheets) for rapid (~15 mins) bacterial quantification is presented in this study. The immunosensor uses wavelength interrogation method and a strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.994) was observed between spectral response of immunosensor and different concentration of E. coli. The nonspecificity and cross-reactivity studies of the developed immunosensor were investigated with detection of Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. To demonstrate the practical application, spiked samples of water and orange juice were analysed with acceptable recovery results. The label-free immunosensor exhibits better performance, detection limit (94 CFU/mL), high sensitivity (2.9 nm/1000 CFU mL−1; 3135 nm/RIU) and profound specificity as compared to conventional fiber optic SPR sensor (detection limit: 391 CFU/mL, sensitivity: 0.6 nm/1000 CFU mL−1; 1646 nm/RIU). This sensing platform shows promising applications in regular water and food quality monitoring for various pathogenic microorganisms.
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•A fiber optic SPR immunosensor with functionalized MoS2 nanosheets is reported.•2D MoS2 nanosheets improved the SPR immunosensor sensitivity (LOD: 94 CFU/mL).•Selectivity analysis of the developed immunosensor was investigated.•The developed method offers simple bio-functionalization and rapid quantification.•For practicality, spiked samples of drinking water and orange juice were tested.
Physical scenarios that require a relativistic treatment are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from cosmological objects to charge carriers in Dirac materials. Interestingly all of these situations have ...in common that the systems typically operate very far from thermal equilibrium. Therefore, if and how the framework of stochastic thermodynamics applies at relativistic energies is a salient question. In the present work we generalize the notions of stochastic heat and work for the relativistic Langevin equation and derive the fluctuation theorems without and with feedback. For processes with feedback we consider the ramifications of the lack of simultaneity of events in the inertial frames of observer and Brownian particles, and we argue that the framework of absolute irreversibility is instrumental to avoid acausal considerations. The analysis is concluded with a few remarks on potential experimental applications in graphene.
Dynamic covalent crosslinking such as disulfide bonds, Diels-Alder (DA) reactions are widely used for healing applications. Herein, we report a simple approach involving the metal-ligand reversible ...interactions in diverse nature, which helps in developing a robust and self-healable carboxylated nitrile (XNBR) rubber by employing low cost and the commercially obtainable materials. Self-healing performance and mechanical properties were organized by introducing the various metal-ligand domains into the XNBR rubber. The network of XNBR, in-situ cross-linked via metal-ligand complexes, consists of strong and weak coordination bonds. The strength of various metal-ligand modified coordination bonds, healing performance, and mechanical properties primarily depend on the type of metal ions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) makes the various metal-ligand coordination bond formation into the XNBR rubber visible. The coordination crosslinked XNBR rubber with 4 phr of Zn and Co metal ion exhibits high tensile strength (4.3±0.6 and 10.3±1.1 MPa) with excellent healing efficiency (100 and 88%), which is far higher than the most reported non-covalent supramolecular modified elastomers. The various metal-ligand coordination bonds are fully reconstructed during the rebuilding process and exhibiting excellent self-healing property.
Urban Modification of Thunderstorms Niyogi, Dev; Pyle, Patrick; Lei, Ming ...
Journal of applied meteorology and climatology,
05/2011, Letnik:
50, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A radar-based climatology of 91 unique summertime (May 2000–August 2009) thunderstorm cases was examined over the Indianapolis, Indiana, urban area. The study hypothesis is that urban regions alter ...the intensity and composition/structure of approaching thunderstorms because of land surface heterogeneity. Storm characteristics were studied over the Indianapolis region and four peripheral rural counties approximately 120 km away from the urban center. Using radar imagery, the time of event, changes in storm structure (splitting, initiation, intensification, and dissipation), synoptic setting, orientation, and motion were studied. It was found thatmore than 60% of storms changed structure over the Indianapolis area as compared with only 25% over the rural regions. Furthermore, daytime convection was most likely to be affected, with 71% of storms changing structure as compared with only 42% at night. Analysis of radar imagery indicated that storms split closer to the upwind urban region and merge again downwind. Thus, a larger portion of small storms (50–200 km²) and large storms (>1500 km²) were found downwind of the urban region, whereas midsized storms (200–1500 km) dominated the upwind region. A case study of a typical storm on 13 June 2005 was examined using available observations and the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), version 3.7.2. Two simulations were performed with and without the urban land use/Indianapolis region in the fourth domain (1.33-km resolution). The storm of interest could not be simulated without the urban area. Results indicate that removing the Indianapolis urban region caused distinct differences in the regional convergence and convection as well as in simulated base reflectivity, surface energy balance (through sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and virtual potential temperature changes), and boundary layer structure. Study results indicate that the urban area has a strong climatological influence on regional thunderstorms.
The risk associated with any climate change impact reflects intensity of natural hazard and level of human vulnerability. Previous work has shown that a wet-bulb temperature of 35°C can be considered ...an upper limit on human survivability. On the basis of an ensemble of high-resolution climate change simulations, we project that extremes of wet-bulb temperature in South Asia are likely to approach and, in a few locations, exceed this critical threshold by the late 21st century under the business-as-usual scenario of future greenhouse gas emissions. The most intense hazard from extreme future heat waves is concentrated around densely populated agricultural regions of the Ganges and Indus river basins. Climate change, without mitigation, presents a serious and unique risk in South Asia, a region inhabited by about one-fifth of the global human population, due to an unprecedented combination of severe natural hazard and acute vulnerability.
As major historical periods such as Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age, the development of new materials was the fundamental to all the periods. In the present investigation, a new hybrid composite ...with epoxy as a resin and reinforcing both biowaste (jute) and traditional fiber (glass) as continues layered mat composites and also study experimentally the effect of the stacking sequence on tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear properties. Composites were prepared by using hand lay-up technique. All the laminates were prepared with a total of four piles, by varying the position of glass and jute. One group of all jute and glass laminate was also fabricated for comparison purpose. Specimen preparation and testing were carried out as per ASTM standards. Tests were conducted on INSTRON H10KS Material Test System at room temperature using automatic data acquisition software. The results indicated that the jute fiber and hybrid composite give encouraging results when compared with the neat epoxy. The morphologies of the composites are also studied by scanning electron microscope.
Cabozantinib targets tyrosine kinases including the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, which are important drug targets in renal cell ...carcinoma (RCC).
This single-arm open-label phase I trial evaluated the safety and tolerability of cabozantinib in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic clear cell RCC.
The study enrolled 25 RCC patients for whom standard therapy had failed. Patients received a median of two prior systemic agents, and most patients had previously received at least one VEGF pathway inhibiting therapy (22 patients 88%). Common adverse events included fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, proteinuria, appetite decreased, palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia, and vomiting. Partial response was reported in seven patients (28%). Median progression-free survival was 12.9 months, and median overall survival was 15.0 months.
Cabozantinib demonstrates preliminary anti-tumor activity and a safety profile similar to that seen with other multitargeted VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced RCC patients. Further evaluation of cabozantinib in RCC is warranted.
NCT01100619.
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