Cilj: Procijeniti spremnost za racionalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova među diplomantima četiriju hrvatskih medicinskih fakulteta temeljem samoprocjene. Nadalje, ustvrditi i raspraviti ...eventualno prisutne nejednakosti među edukacijskim kurikulumima medicinskih fakulteta. Ispitanici i metode: Svi studenti završne godine studija na svim četirima hrvatskim medicinskim fakultetima (Osijek, Rijeka, Split i Zagreb) mogli su sudjelovati u ovom presječnom istraživanju. Korišten je validirani upitnik radne skupine ESGAP Student-PREPARE. Riječ je o upitniku od 47 čestica, a uključuje pitanja o demografskim odrednicama, samoprocijenjenoj spremnosti za racionalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova, percepciji o korisnosti različitih metoda poučavanja te percipiranoj potrebi za daljnjom edukacijom iz ove tematike. Rezultati: Stopa odaziva po pojedinim fakultetima bila je u rasponu od 15,71% do 31,33%. Razina samoprocijenjene „sveukupne spremnosti“ (engl. global preparedness score, GPS) za racionalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova po fakultetima iznosila je redom: Osijek 48,82; Zagreb 53,56; Rijeka 57,14 te Split 66,28. Prosječni GPS (56,45) u 2019. u Hrvatskoj nije bio statistički značajno različit od vrijednosti u 2015. godini (62,66). Splitski su studenti imali statistički značajno bolje rezultate u 3/27 kurikularnih područja, dok za preostala područja statistički značajna razlika nije pronađena. Većina je diplomanata (73,68% – 100%) izrazila potrebu za dodatnom edukacijom iz ove tematike. Samoprocijenjena dostupnost/korisnost interaktivnijih metoda poučavanja bila je veća na splitskom fakultetu. Zaključak: Hrvatski diplomanti medicine po završetku studija generalno se ne osjećaju dovoljno spremnima za samostalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova koje im predstoji u skorašnjoj kliničkoj praksi. Osjetne interregionalne diskrepancije u spremnosti studenata za racionalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova nisu pronađene, međutim uočene su značajnije razlike po pitanju samoprocijenjene dostupnosti/korisnosti pojedinih metoda poučavanja među fakultetima.
Immunotherapy has improved the prognosis of metastatic melanoma patients, although most patients do not achieve a complete response. While specific gut microbiome and dietary habits might influence ...treatment success, there is a lack of concordance between the studies, potentially due to dichotomizing patients only into responders and non-responders. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether metastatic melanoma patients with complete and sustained response to immunotherapy exhibit differences in gut microbiome composition among themselves, and whether those differences were associated with specific dietary habits. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed that patients who exhibited a complete response after more than 9 months of treatment (late responders) exhibited a significantly higher beta-diversity (
= 0.02), with a higher abundance of
(LDA 3.548,
= 0.010),
(LDA 3.392,
= 0.024), and lower abundance of
(
= 0.04) compared to early responders. Furthermore, late responders exhibited a different diet profile, with a significantly lower intake of proteins and sweets and a higher intake of flavones (
< 0.05). The research showed that metastatic melanoma patients with a complete and sustained response to immunotherapy were a heterogeneous group. Patients with a late complete response exhibited microbiome and dietary habits which were previously associated with an improved response to immunotherapy.
Cross-sectional surveys have found variations in how prepared medical students feel to prescribe antibiotics responsibly, but insights are lacking on the stability of these outcomes. In a 2015 ...survey, final-year Swedish medical students reported very high preparedness levels across a comprehensive range of relevant curriculum topics. We repeated this survey in 2021 to assess the stability of previous findings and to capture the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Final-year students in 2015 and 2021 at all seven Swedish medical schools were eligible to participate in an online survey covering curricula topics, teaching methods and COVID-19 impacts (2021). Eligible students received email invitations and reminders from local coordinators. Students from six of seven medical schools participated in both surveys, with response rates of 24.1% (309/1281) in 2021 and 21.3% (239/1124) in 2015. The average global preparedness was 77.0% and 83.2%, respectively (
< 0.001), with lower preparedness levels in 24/27 curriculum topics in 2021. Students at certain universities reported COVID-19 impacts on antibiotic prescribing education (format, duration and perceived quality). Self-reported preparedness levels have fallen slightly but remain high compared with 2015 levels in other European countries. Students consistently reported lower preparedness in specific topics; improvement efforts should consider focusing on these areas, particularly in the context of the ongoing implementation of programmes leading to a full licence upon graduation.
Antimicrobials are some of the most prescribed drugs by junior doctors, but studies suggest most medical graduates feel unprepared for their future prescribing tasks. The aim of the present study was ...to compare the self-reported preparedness to prudently prescribe antimicrobials of final-year medical students in Croatia in 2015 and 2019.
The same self-reported web-based survey on the preparedness to prescribe antibiotics was used in both 2015 and 2019. All final-year students at all four medical schools in Croatia (Osijek, Rijeka, Split, and Zagreb) were invited to participate in both 2015 and 2019. Preparedness scores were divided into "topic preparedness scores" and "global preparedness scores". Topic preparedness scores represented the percentage of students at a medical school who felt sufficiently prepared for each topic. They were first established at a medical school level and then at the national level. Global preparedness scores were determined for each student separately and then calculated at the medical school and national levels.
The country's global preparedness score, representing the average proportion of topics in which students felt sufficiently prepared, was slightly higher in 2015 compared with the 2019 results (62.7% vs. 56.5%;
= 0.191). Croatian students reported higher preparedness in 2015 than in 2019 for 25 out of 27 topics included in the survey. The majority of students reported a need for more education on antibiotic use both in 2015 and 2019 (78.0% vs. 83.0%;
= 0.199).
Despite increasing antimicrobial stewardship activities in various healthcare settings, medical students who are about to start prescribing antibiotics on their own do not feel sufficiently prepared to do so. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be designed to incorporate undergraduate medical student education, for instance, as a specific, mandatory course or integrated into other courses, such as clinical pharmacology.
During COVID-19 pandemics, the availability of testing has often been a limiting factor during patient admissions into the hospital. To circumvent this problem, we adapted an existing diagnostic ...assay, Seegene Allplex SARS-CoV-2, into a point-of-care-style direct qPCR (POC dqPCR) assay and implemented it in the Emergency Department of Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Croatia. In a 4-month analysis, we tested over 10,000 patients and demonstrated that POC-dqPCR is robust and reliable and can be successfully implemented in emergency departments and similar near-patient settings and can be performed by medical personnel with little prior experience in qPCR.
To decrease the incidence and resistance rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)
(KP) by restriction of the use of third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and fluoroquinolones.
Consumption of ...3GCs, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems in association with ertapenem and fluoroquinolone-resistant KP isolates, were analyzed in 21 months by autoregressive integrated moving average models. A follow-up analysis was performed 5 years later.
Consumption of 3GCs decreased significantly during the postintervention period. Their restriction was associated with a decrease in ertapenem-resistant KP isolates by 17.5%. Fluoroquinolone, 3GCs, and carbapenem use did not significantly predict the percentage of ertapenem-resistant KP isolates. Fluoroquinolone, but not cephalosporin use, significantly predicted the percentage of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, with an increase of 1 defined daily dose (DDD) of fluoroquinolone/100 occupied bed-days (OBDs) corresponding to a 0.32% increase of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates (
= 0.008). A decrease of 1 DDD of carbapenem/100 OBD was associated with a 16.94% increase of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates (
= 0.007). Five years later, the consumption of all three antimicrobial classes increased significantly compared with the 2011-2013 period, whereas ertapenem-resistant KP rates significantly decreased.
This study may bring a valuable contribution to the understanding of the intricate association between antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance. Reporting a spectrum of different results could present a useful basis for more profound research of various interventions' effects.
SAŽETAK
UvodUz korištenje preventivnih mjera (nošenje maski, higijena ruku, izolacija), masovno cijepljenje pučanstva ostaje najučinkovitiji način u borbi protiv pandemije COVID-19. Jedna od ...ozbiljnih reakcija preosjetljivosti na cjepivo jest anafilaksija. Cilj ovoga rada bio je prikazati iskustva Kliničkoga bolničkog centra (KBC) Rijeka u probiru i cijepljenju bolesnika u kojih postoji povećan rizik za razvoj anafilaksije ili srodne teške alergijske reakcije na cjepivo protiv SARS-CoV-2.
Ispitanici i metodeU istraživanje su uključeni podatci o svim bolesnicima koji su registrirani u ambulanti za e-savjetovanje KBC-a Rijeka tijekom 2021. godine, kojima je postavljena indikacija za cijepljenje u bolničkim uvjetima te koji su tijekom iste godine primili barem jednu dozu cjepiva protiv COVID-19. Upit o potrebi cijepljenja u bolničkim uvjetima postavljao je liječnik obiteljske medicine, a indikaciju je postavljao tim bolničkih liječnika alergologa. Pri cijepljenju je isključivo primjenjivano Pfizer (Comirnaty®) cjepivo.
RezultatiOd bolesnika kojima je kroz e-savjetovanje postavljena indikacija za cijepljenje u bolničkim uvjetima, tijekom 2021. godine cijepljeno je ukupno 451. Pritom je samo prvu dozu cjepiva primilo 138, obje doze 308, a docjepnu dozu pet bolesnika. Najčešća indikacija za cijepljenje putem dnevne bolnice bila je anamneza anafilaksije ili anafilaktoidne reakcije i to u 330 bolesnika (73,2%). Ukupno 97 bolesnika (21,5%) upućeno je zbog anamneze neanafilaktičke alergijske reakcije, njih 17 (3,8%) zbog anamneze angioedema, a sedam bolesnika (1,6%) zbog ostalih razloga. Među bolesnicima cijepljenim putem dnevne bolnice niti jedan nije razvio anafilaktičku reakciju na cjepivo protiv SARS-CoV-2. Zabilježeno je ukupno šest blažih reakcija prilikom aplikacije cjepiva.
ZaključakU kontekstu morbiditeta i mortaliteta od COVID-19, korist cijepljenja daleko nadmašuje rizik od pojave anafilaksije, koja je liječiva. Ipak, potreban je nadzor pri cijepljenju osoba koje u anamnezi imaju anafilaksiju ili alergiju na neku od komponenti primjenjivanog cjepiva.
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) is one of the most severe acute complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by severe hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality without significant ketosis ...and acidosis. What is new? Since HHS in the pediatric population is rare and potentially life-threatening, every reported case is very valuable for raising awareness among healthcare professionals.
A 7-year-old boy with previously diagnosed Joubert syndrome was admitted due to vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria started several days earlier. He was severely dehydrated, and the initial blood glucose level was 115 mmol/L. Based on clinical manifestations and laboratory results, he was diagnosed with T1DM and HHS. The treatment with intravenous fluid was started and insulin administration began later. He was discharged after 10 days without any complications related to HHS.
Since HHS has a high mortality rate, early recognition, and proper management are necessary for a better outcome.
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