In the era of big data, the implementation of red ideological and political education has a positive and practical guide to the daily behavior habits of college students, and plays a positive guiding ...role. The lack of red ideological and political education is one of the main reasons for the abnormal behavior of college students. In this paper, the daily behavioral habits of college students are modeled, and according to the different distribution characteristics of individuals on campus activities, abnormal class determination and cluster analysis are carried out. The abnormality detection operator is used to detect the strange behavior of college students. In the study of abnormal behaviors of college students, the proportion of medium and low intensity of deviant behavior college students in sports behavior is as high as 73%, the proportion of high intensity in dietary behavior is 53%, and the proportion of high intensity in consumption behavior is also more than 50%. The psychological attention characteristic value of abnormal behavior college students is lower than that of average behavior college students, and the fluctuation is slightly more significant than that of intermediate behavior college students. Except for the forgiveness and modesty factors, the other 13 positive psychological quality factors of abnormal behavior college students are lower than those of average behavior college students, and the evaluation of the quality of political thinking is more inadequate than 80 points, which is in the range of poor and general assessment. Given the abnormal behavior of college students, the optimization direction of red Civics teaching method is proposed.
Purpose
The motor symptoms (MS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been affecting the quality of life in patients. In clinical practice, most patients with PD report that MS are more severe in winter ...than in summer, and hyperthermic baths (HTB) could temporarily improve MS. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal variation and aquatic thermal environment of HTB on the MS of PD.
Patients and methods
A cross‐sectional study of 203 Chinese Han patients was performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze seasonal variation in MS relative to baseline data (sex, age at onset, duration, season of birth, Hoehn and Yahr stage, family history, levodopa equivalent dose, and the effect of HTB on MS). Ten subjects participated in the HTB study, and one patient dropped out. The paired Wilcoxon rank test was used to assess the differences in the Movement Disorder Society‐United Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) part III motor examination total scores and the modified Webster Symptoms Score between non‐HTB and before HTB and between non‐HTB and after HTB.
Results
The improvement of MS after HTB was an independent risk factor for seasonal variation in MS (OR, 25.203; 95% CI, 10.951–58.006; p = .000). Patients with PD had significant improvements in the MDS‐UPDRS part III motor examination total scores, especially in bradykinesia (p = .043), rigidity (p = .008), posture (p = .038), and rest tremor amplitude (p = .047).
Conclusion
Seasonal variation in temperature and water temperature of HTB may affect MS in some patients with PD. Simple HTB could be recommended as physiotherapy for patients with PD who report temperature‐sensitive MS.
In order to evaluate the effects of seasonal variation and aquatic thermal environment of hyperthermic baths (HTB) on the motor symptoms (MS) of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study assessed the differences in the Movement Disorder Society‐United Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) part III motor examination total scores between non‐HTB and before HTB and between non‐HTB and after HTB. We found that seasonal variation in temperature and water temperature of HTB may affect MS in some PD patients. Simple HTB could be recommended as physiotherapy to PD patients who report temperature‐sensitive MS.
Although sludge-converted short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are promising feedstocks for biorefineries, it remains challenging to maximise SCFA production by enhancing synergies between ...chemical/biological hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes while employing a balanced composition of microbial communities to counteract methanogenesis. Herein, stepwise control of fermentation pH and chemical/microbiological composition analysis of fermented sludge were used to probe the underlying mechanisms of SCFA production. Fermentation at pH 11 during the first three days promoted both chemical and microbial hydrolysis of sludge proteins and provided a niche for Anaerobrancaceae sp. to transform soluble protein into SCFAs. When pH was decreased from 11 to 9, Acinetobacter, Proteiniborus, Proteiniclasticum, and other acetogens became predominant and stayed significantly more active than during first-stage fermentation at pH 11, which benefited the acidification of hydrolysed substrates. Further assays indicated that early-stage sludge fermentation at pH 11 decreased the total amount of methanogenic archaea and hence reduced the amount of SCFAs consumed for methane production. Thus, the use of stepwise pH control for sludge fermentation allowed one to establish process synergies, facilitate chemical and biological hydrolysis, inhibit methanogens, and promote the growth of acidifying bacterial communities, which resulted in efficient SCFA production from sludge.
Display omitted
•Augmentation of SCFA yield from anaerobic sludge fermentation was investigated.•The SCFA yield increased with the studied fermentation pH stepwise strategy.•The studied strategy greatly promoted synergy of chemical and biological processes.•A conceptual model was proposed to better understand the underlying mechanism.
To analysis the anxiety status of Chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19 by meta-analysis method.
CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google ...Scholar and other databases were searched to collect literature on the anxiety status of Chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19. The retrieval time is from the database construction to 11/03/2020. Meta-analysis was performed on the included articles by using Stata 16.0 software.
A total of 7 articles were included, with a total sample size of 7,741 people. Meta-analysis using the random effects model showed that the anxiety score of Chinese medical during the epidemic of COVID-19 was significantly higher than that of the national norm in each study, the difference was statistically significant SMD (95% CI)=1.145 (0.705-1.584), p<0.001.
The anxiety level of Chinese medical workers has increased significantly during the epidemic of COVID-19.
Long-term efficacy of a hepatitis E vaccine Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Xue-Feng; Huang, Shou-Jie ...
The New England journal of medicine,
2015-Mar-05, Letnik:
372, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute hepatitis. The long-term efficacy of a hepatitis E vaccine needs to be determined.
In an initial efficacy study, we randomly assigned healthy ...adults 16 to 65 years of age to receive three doses of either a hepatitis E vaccine (vaccine group; 56,302 participants) or a hepatitis B vaccine (control group; 56,302 participants). The vaccines were administered at 0, 1, and 6 months, and the participants were followed for 19 months. In this extended follow-up study, the treatment assignments of all participants remained double-blinded, and follow-up assessments of efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety were continued for up to 4.5 years.
During the 4.5-year study period, 60 cases of hepatitis E were identified; 7 cases were confirmed in the vaccine group (0.3 cases per 10,000 person-years), and 53 cases in the control group (2.1 cases per 10,000 person-years), representing a vaccine efficacy of 86.8% (95% confidence interval, 71 to 94) in the modified intention-to-treat analysis, rather than (95% confidence interval, 71 to 84) corrected. Of the participants who were assessed for immunogenicity and were seronegative at baseline, 87% of those who received three doses of the hepatitis E vaccine maintained antibodies against HEV for at least 4.5 years; HEV antibody titers developed in 9% in the control group. The rate of adverse events was similar in the two groups.
Immunization with this hepatitis E vaccine induced antibodies against HEV and provided protection against hepatitis E for up to 4.5 years. (Funded by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01014845.).
A complex engineering system typically consists of a group of components/subsystems in a hierarchical structure and the system is monitored at only some, not all, of these hierarchical levels. This ...paper investigates a Bayesian approach to system reliability prediction using multilevel incomplete data. These data are drawn simultaneously from different component/subsystem levels within the same system, thus need to be analyzed with the consideration of their overlapping nature. In this paper, a Bayesian network model is proposed for modeling the reliability of a multilevel system, where a lower level node can only be connected to one higher level node. Through Bayesian inference, the posterior distributions of lifetime parameters and conditional probabilities in the model are obtained by combining prior beliefs with lifetime data coming from different system levels. This study is also extended to include mixed data types, i.e., both pass/fail data and lifetime data. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated in a case study.
Today, the technology for video streaming over the Internet is converging towards a paradigm named HTTP-based adaptive streaming (HAS), which brings two new features. First, by using HTTP/TCP, it ...leverages network-friendly TCP to achieve both firewall/NAT traversal and bandwidth sharing. Second, by pre-encoding and storing the video in a number of discrete rate levels, it introduces video bitrate adaptivity in a scalable way so that the video encoding is excluded from the closed-loop adaptation. A conventional wisdom in HAS design is that since the TCP throughput observed by a client would indicate the available network bandwidth, it could be used as a reliable reference for video bitrate selection. We argue that this is no longer true when HAS becomes a substantial fraction of the total network traffic. We show that when multiple HAS clients compete at a network bottleneck, the discrete nature of the video bitrates results in difficulty for a client to correctly perceive its fair-share bandwidth. Through analysis and test bed experiments, we demonstrate that this fundamental limitation leads to video bitrate oscillation and other undesirable behaviors that negatively impact the video viewing experience. We therefore argue that it is necessary to design at the application layer using a "probe and adapt" principle for video bitrate adaptation (where "probe" refers to trial increment of the data rate, instead of sending auxiliary piggybacking traffic), which is akin, but also orthogonal to the transport-layer TCP congestion control. We present PANDA - a client-side rate adaptation algorithm for HAS - as a practical embodiment of this principle. Our test bed results show that compared to conventional algorithms, PANDA is able to reduce the instability of video bitrate selection by over 75% without increasing the risk of buffer underrun.
To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic by a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.
CNKI, PubMed, ...EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched to collect literature on the prevalence of PTSD in the general population during the epidemic. The retrieval time is from the database construction to 31/08/2020. Meta-analysis was performed on the included articles by using Review Manger 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software.
The prevalence of PTSD in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic was 15% (95% CI: 11-21%, p<0.001).
The COVID-19 pandemic brought certain mental pain to general population, leading to a rise in the incidence of PTSD in a short time.
Abstract
Knowledge distillation has become a popular task in modern deep learning applications by performing knowledge transfer from a cumbersome neural network commonly called “teacher model” to a ...much smaller network called “student model”. In traditional knowledge distilling process, there are usually two objectives for training the student model, namely hard target and soft target. However, sometimes it’s hard to find a trade-off between them. We unify the two objectives into one making it easier to perform knowledge distillation, and propose a novel distilling method called “Unified Distillation” to supervise the student to make fewer mistakes. The model can correct the wrong predictions according to the hard target, and maintain the advantage of knowledge distillation. Although our method can be used in almost all fields suitable for knowledge distillation, we choose neural machine translation as a study object for its complexity. We conducted experiments on three neural machine translation tasks, using a finetuned language model BERT as the teacher, and a Transformer base model as the student. The experimental results indicate that our method is better than traditional knowledge distillation method.
Before mining, a deep coal seam exists in a state with a high formation temperature and high stress. After mining, the coal body is exposed to oxygen, and the oxidation reaction results in ...significant changes in the micro-structure of the oxidized coal body. To understand the change process, in this paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are employed to test a coal body subjected to flow of hot gas. The evolution patterns of the coal oxidation micro-structure under different temperatures and oxygen conditions are compared and analysed. The results show that in an environment with oxygen, as the temperature increases, the stacking height (Lc) of the coal macromolecular lattice follows an overall increasing trend and has a self-repair capability. During oxidation, the spatial arrangement of the evolution of the coal molecular structure is reversible. In an environment without oxygen, the hydroxyl (–OH) peak height and peak area exceed those of an environment with oxygen, which suggests that the –OH group facilitates coal oxidation. Coal functional groups under high-temperature fracture polymerize constantly, and oxidation produces new functional groups.
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