The ecological conservation of large rivers is impossible unless immediate attention is given to protecting their small tributaries at local levels. The natural boundaries of large river basins are ...shrinking because their tributaries and streams of different orders are disappearing at an unprecedented rate. Delineation of the fixed administrative boundaries (AB) to protect the natural boundary of small rivers and their classification into appropriate threatened categories, the present study was carried out on the 54.08 km long Banki River in the Ganga River basin. The > 70% irreversible loss in the number of streams (Nu), length of streams (Lu), and drainage density (Dd) resulted in the conversion of the 6th order Banki into the 4th order river. The extreme morphometric changes result in the Banki watershed being under the "Critically Endangered" category. The drainage density ratio (DdR) and mean stream width (M
) were used to determine the width of AB (W
). The "River Red List Categories and Criteria" are being proposed to strengthen global initiatives at the local levels to protect and conserve inland water bodies and transboundary rivers.
SARS CoV-2, the causative agent for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it enters the host cell by activating the ACE2 receptor with the help of two proteasesi.e., Furin and TMPRSS2. Therefore, variations ...in these genes may account for differential susceptibility and severity between populations. Previous studies have shown that the role of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene variants in understanding COVID-19 susceptibility among Indian populations. Nevertheless, a knowledge gap exists concerning the COVID-19 susceptibility of Furin gene variants among diverse South Asian ethnic groups. Investigating the role of Furin gene variants and their global phylogeographic structure is essential to comprehensively understanding COVID-19 susceptibility in these populations. We have used 450 samples from diverse Indian states and performed linear regression to analyse the Furin gene variant's with COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate (CFR) that could be epidemiologically associated with disease severity outcomes. Associated genetic variants were further evaluated for their expression and regulatory potential through various Insilco analyses. Additionally, we examined the Furin gene using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from 393 diverse global samples, with a particular emphasis on South Asia, to investigate its Phylogeographic structure among diverse world populations. We found a significant positive association for the SNP rs1981458 with COVID-19 CFR (p < 0.05) among diverse Indian populations at different timelines of the first and second waves. Further, QTL and other regulatory analyses showed various significant associations for positive regulatory roles of rs1981458 and Furin gene, mainly in Immune cells and virus infection process, highlighting their role in host immunity and viral assembly and processing. The Furin protein-protein interaction suggested that COVID-19 may contribute to Pulmonary arterial hypertension via a typical inflammation mechanism. The phylogeographic architecture of the Furin gene demonstrated a closer genetic affinity of South Asia with West Eurasian populations. Therefore, it is worth proposing that for the Furin gene, the COVID-19 susceptibility of South Asians will be more similar to the West Eurasian population. Our previous studies on the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes showed genetic affinity of South Asian with East Eurasians and West Eurasians, respectively. Therefore, with the collective information from these three important genes (ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin) we modelled COVID-19 susceptibilityof South Asia in between these two major ancestries with an inclination towards West Eurasia. In conclusion, this study, for the first time, concluded the role of rs1981458 in COVID-19 severity among the Indian population and outlined its regulatory potential.This study also highlights that the genetic structure for COVID-19 susceptibilityof South Asia is distinct, however, inclined to the West Eurasian population. We believe this insight may be utilised as a genetic biomarker to identify vulnerable populations, which might be directly relevant for developing policies and allocating resources more effectively during an epidemic.
Effective intrusion detection systems (IDS) are becoming essential for maintaining computer network security due to the growing complexity of cyber-attacks. Machine Learning (ML) can increase the ...effectiveness of intrusion detection technology, which is an essential resource to safeguard network security. A novel ML technique for intrusion information detection called Stochastic Cat Swarm Optimized Privacy-Preserving Logistic Regression (SCSO-PPLR) is proposed. We assess intrusion detection systems using KDDCup99 dataset. The dataset is pre-processed using Z-score normalization to normalize the features. Next, Features are extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). By comparing the results of the SCSO-PPLR methodology with traditional methods and using assessment criteria including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, the model's performance is extensively evaluated. The study reveals that SCSO-PPLR is an acceptable strategy for intrusion detection in network security and it is effective. These insights broaden IDS and groundwork for further research on reliable cybersecurity remedies.
A novel I2‐DMSO‐mediated cascade cyclization approach for synthesizing 2‐hydroxy‐pyrrol‐3(2H)‐one scaffold from readily accessible β‐ketosulfoxonium ylides and β‐enaminone derivatives has been ...developed. Under metal‐free and mild conditions, this cascade transformation facilitates the formation of one C−C bond and one C−N bond in a single reaction vessel, exhibiting a wide range of functional group compatibility. In addition, this method added an active hydroxyl group to a quaternary carbon center.
•Ultrasonic shot peening produces surface nanostructure in short duration.•Surface nanostructure promotes viability of human mesenchymal stem cells.•Surface nanostructure enhances corrosion ...resistance in SBF.
Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) of metallic biomaterials has gained significant importance due to its ability to develop nano structure in the surface region. In the present study, the microstructural changes and corrosion behavior of the commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti), following different durations of ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) has been investigated. cp-Ti was shot peened for different durations from 0 to 120 s and the treated samples were examined for microstructural changes in the surface region, cell viability and corrosion behavior. Cell viability was considerably increased after USSP for 60–120 s, exhibiting maximum for the 90 s of USSP. The passivation tendency was also improved with peening duration up to 90 s, however, it declined for longer duration of USSP. The beneficial effects of USSP may be attributed to nano structuring in the surface region and development of higher positive potentials at the USSP treated surface. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) examination of the USSPed surface revealed dislocation entanglement and substructure. Also, higher surface volta potential was observed over the USSPed sample exhibiting better cell proliferation. The present work is corollary to previous work of the group and mainly discusses the role of USSP duration, as a process parameter, on the cell viability and corrosion resistance of cp-Ti.
Using the event study method, we examine the impacts of the Russia-Ukraine war 2022 on the global tourism sector stocks. The findings suggest that the impact is different for firms in different ...markets. While abnormal returns of firms in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, as well as the Pacific, are significantly negative on the event day, those in the Americas and Asia are insignificant. The cross-sectional analysis reveals that some country- and firm-specific variables significantly impact the cumulative abnormal returns.
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies distinguished by differentiation blockage and uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow ...(BM) and peripheral blood (PB). There are various types of leukemia in which intensive chemotherapy regimens or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are now the most common treatments associated with severe side effects and multi-drug resistance in leukemia cells. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel therapeutic approaches with adequate therapeutic efficacy and selectively eliminate leukemic cells to improve the consequences of leukemia. Medicinal plants have been utilized for ages to treat multiple disorders due to their diverse bioactive compounds. Plant-derived products have been used as therapeutic medication to prevent and treat many types of cancer. Over the last two decades, 50 % of all anticancer drugs approved worldwide are from natural products and their derivatives. Therefore this study aims to review natural products such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, nitrogen-containing, and organosulfur compounds as antileukemic agents. Current investigations have identified natural products efficiently destroy leukemia cells through diverse mechanisms of action by inhibiting proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, inducing cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in both in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Current investigations have identified natural products as suitable promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents. It played an essential role in drug development and emerged as a possible source of biologically active metabolites for therapeutic interventions, especially in leukemia.
Data will be made available on request.
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•Natural products destroy leukemia cells by inhibiting proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.•Natural products might be used as a promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents.•Natural products played an essential role in drug development for therapeutic interventions especially in leukemia.•Natural products emerged as a viable option for treating leukemia due to their affordability, safety, and less side effects.
•Information of genome size (GS) is important for various genomic and evolutionary studies.•The study generated new GS records of 43 fish species and revalidated 8 species.•The GS ranged from 0.58 pg ...in banded gourami to 1.92 pg in scribbled goby.•GS was found to be associated with body length, but no relationship noticed with the chromosome number.
Precise estimation of genome size (GS) is vital for various genomic studies, such as deciding genome sequencing depth, genome assembly, biodiversity documentation, evolution, genetic disorders studies, duplication events etc. Animal Genome Size Database provides GS of over 2050 fish species, which ranges from 0.35 pg in pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) to 132.83 pg in marbled lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus). The GS of majority of the fishes inhabiting waters of Indian subcontinent are still missing. In present study, we estimated GS of 51 freshwater teleost (31 commercially important, 7 vulnerable and 13 ornamental species) that ranged from 0.58 pg in banded gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) to 1.92 pg in scribbled goby (Awaous grammepomus). Substantial variation in GS was observed within the same fish orders (0.64–1.45 pg in cypriniformes, 0.70–1.41 pg in siluriformes and 0.58–1.92 pg in perciformes). We examined the relationship between the GS, chromosome number and body length across all the fishes. Body length was found to be associated with GS, whereas no relationship was noticed between the GS and the chromosome number. The analysis using ancestral information revealed haploid chromosome number 25, 27 and 24 for the most recent common ancestor of cypriniformes, siluriformes and perciformes, respectively. The study led to generation of new records on GS of 43 fish species and revalidated records for 8 species. The finding is valuable resource for further research in the areas of fish genomics, molecular ecology and evolutionary conservation genetics.
Seed size and shape are important traits determining yield and quality in soybean. Seed size and shape are also desirable for specialty soy foods like tofu, natto, miso, and edamame. In order to find ...stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes for seed shape and 100-seed weight, the current study used vegetable type and seed soybean-derived F
and F
mapping populations. A total of 42 QTLs were mapped, which were dispersed across 13 chromosomes. Of these, seven were determined to be stable QTLs and five of them were major QTLs, namely
, and
. Thirteen of the 42 QTLs detected in the current study were found at known loci, while the remaining 29 were discovered for the first time. Out of these 29 novel QTLs, 17 were major QTLs. Based on Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER), gene annotation information, and literature search, 66 genes within seven stable QTLs were predicted to be possible candidate genes that might regulate seed shape and seed weight in soybean. The current study identified the key candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling soybean seed shape and weight, and these results will be very helpful in marker-assisted breeding for developing soybean varieties with improved seed weight and desired seed shape.
