Congenital and developmental abnormalities of pulmonary vasculature encompass a wide-ranging spectrum of conditions, which exhibit myriad differences. Most of them present at birth; however, age of ...clinical presentation varies according to blood flow restriction and associated airway compromise. In this case series, we aim to describe embryological basis of development of pulmonary vasculature and normal anatomy. Authors intend to highlight case based imaging findings of pulmonary arterial congenital malformations both in isolation as well as in association with other congenital cardiac malformations referred at the rural tertiary healthcare hospital. Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) scan not only proved to be an excellent non invasive modality in diagnosis of Pulmonary Artery (PA) malformations, associated cardiac and extra cardiac malformations, but is also an indispensable tool to provide adequate road map for intervention.
A homologous series of novel chalconyl ester derivatives: RO.C
6
H
4
.COO.C
6
H
4
.CO.CH:CH.C
6
H
4
.OC
6
H
13
(n) shave been synthesized and studied for its thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) ...properties with a view to understanding and establishing the relation between molecular structure and LC properties. The homologous series consists of eleven members whose, mesomorphism commences from C
3
of the series and continues up to the C
16
homologue. The C
1
and C
2
homologues are nonliquid crystals. All the LC homologues are enantiotropically nematogenic with absence of smectogenic character. Transition temperatures were determined by an optical polarizing microscope (POM) equipped with a heating stage. Textures of a nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren. Analytical and spectral data confirms the molecular structures of homologues. Transition curve Cr-N/I behaved in normal manner. N-I transition curve exhibits an odd even effect; descended at C
10
homologue and then again rises at C
12
and descended from and beyond C
12
homologue. Thus it partly deviates from normal behaviour. Thermal stability for nematic is 95-89°C and nematogenic upper and lower mesophase lengths are 41.0°C and 07.0°C respectively. Group efficiency order for nematic on the basis of thermal stability is -OC
8
H
17
(n)> -OC
6
H
13
(n) > -OC
10
H
21
(n) and it is a low order melting type series.
An empirical relationship between the experimental inhibitory activities of triclosan derivatives and its computationally predicted Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase ...(PfENR) dock poses was developed to model activities of known antimalarials. A statistical model was developed using 57 triclosan derivatives with significant measures (r = 0.849, q
2
= 0.619, s = 0.481) and applied on structurally related and structurally diverse external datasets. A substructure-based search on ChEMBL malaria dataset (280 compounds) yielded only two molecules with significant docking energy, whereas eight active antimalarials (EC
50
< 100 nM, tested on 3D7 strain) with better predicted activities (pIC
50
~ 7) from Open Access Malaria Box (400 compounds) were prioritized. Further, calculations on the structurally diverse rhodanine molecules (known PfENR inhibitors) distinguished actives (experimental IC
50
= 0.035 μM; predicted pIC
50
= 6.568) and inactives (experimental IC
50
= 50 μM; predicted pIC
50
= -4.078), which showed that antimalarials possessing dock poses similar to experimental interaction profiles can be used as leads to test experimentally on enzyme assays.
Complement system in lung disease Pandya, Pankita H; Wilkes, David S
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology
51, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In addition to its established contribution to innate immunity, recent studies have suggested novel roles for the complement system in the development of various lung diseases. Several studies have ...demonstrated that complement may serve as a key link between innate and adaptive immunity in a variety of pulmonary conditions. However, the specific contributions of complement to lung diseases based on innate and adaptive immunity are just beginning to emerge. Elucidating the role of complement-mediated immune regulation in these diseases will help to identify new targets for therapeutic interventions.
Specific activity of α-amylase immobilized in ordered mesoporous silicas (26–335
Å pore diameter) for hydrolysis of starch has been studied. In mesoporous silica like MCM-41 and SBA-15, enzyme is ...immobilized only on the external surface and thus the observed specific activity is low. For meso-cellular foams (MCF), MCF-153 and MCF-335 having higher pore diameter, enzyme seems to be immobilized inside the pores and high specific activity increase was observed. In fact, MCF-335 shows specific activity equal to 80% of the specific activity of free enzyme. It was further observed that, thermal and pH stability of the immobilized enzyme is higher compared to free α-amylase. Immobilization of α-amylase in these silicas was carried out using three-step process through alkylamine and glutaraldehyde. Alkylamine was covalently bonded to silanol groups present on the surface of mesoporous silica followed by reaction of aldehyde with alkylamine. Enzyme molecules were immobilized on thus modified silica through reaction of free –CHO with –NH
2 of enzyme.
Centrifugation is widely used in the synthesis and handling of solution-phase nanoparticles to improve their purity and to change the composition of the solvent. Herein, we couple the optical ...properties of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles and silica encapsulation to investigate how centrifugation impacts the formation of stabilized nanoparticle clusters in solution without the use of linker molecules or asymmetric functionalization. Gold nanoparticles preconcentrated using a high (9,400) g force result in linear assemblies of gold cores that are spaced by ∼1−4 nm within Au n @SiO2 structures (n = number of gold nanoparticle cores per silica shell) with ∼30% monomers, 30% dimers, 20% trimers, and 10% 4−7mers. In comparison, nanoparticles preconcentrated using (stirred) ultrafiltration and low (23) g force centrifugation have statistically identical cluster distributions (90% monomers, 9% dimers, and 1% trimers) whereas nanoparticles that are not preconcentrated always exhibit 100% monomers using the same silica coating procedure. We hypothesize that under high g force, the electrical double layer surrounding the gold nanoparticles is slightly polarized thereby increasing the attraction between nanoparticles and the formation of stable clusters. The conductivity of the solution plays an important role in this stabilization. This novel demonstration of linear cluster formation of gold nanoparticles using centrifugation suggests that this commonly used preparative tool can both positively or negatively impact the fundamental properties of these materials and their use in various applications.
The ITER Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) diagnostic system will provide information about plasma electron temperature and its fluctuations and other important plasma parameters which are required ...for plasma control and physics studies. The temperature profile measurement in the first harmonic ECE frequency range from 122-230 GHz (for BT = 5.3 T) is obtained by using an O-mode heterodyne radiometer. It is difficult to cover this wide frequency band by one radiometer, due to technological challenges in achieving wide bandwidth for the mixers. So, the present radiometer design has been optimized by considering four receivers, each of bandwidth ∼ 30 GHz which can provide reliable temperature measurements. The splitting of frequency band into four receiver bands is efficiently achieved by considering a combination of quasi-optical and waveguide diplexers, optimizing power loss and cross-talk between the channels. The target spatial resolution of a/30, where "a" is the minor radius of the plasma cross section, is achieved by choosing Radiometer IF filter bandwidth of 1-2 GHz. Further, the radiometer is designed to achieve noise temperature < 10 eV. In this paper, the preliminary design and performance of O-mode Radiometer has been discussed.
The ECE Diagnostic system in ITER will be used for measuring the electron temperature profile evolution, electron temperature fluctuations, the runaway electron spectrum, and the radiated power in ...the electron cyclotron frequency range (70-1000 GHz), These measurements will be used for advanced real time plasma control (e.g. steering the electron cyclotron heating beams), and physics studies. The scope of the Indian Domestic Agency (IN-DA) is to design and develop the polarizer splitter units; the broadband (70 to 1000 GHz) transmission lines; a high temperature calibration source in the Diagnostics Hall; two Michelson Interferometers (70 to 1000 GHz) and a 122-230 GHz radiometer. The remainder of the ITER ECE diagnostic system is the responsibility of the US domestic agency and the ITER Organization (IO). The design needs to conform to the ITER Organization's strict requirements for reliability, availability, maintainability and inspect-ability. Progress in the design and development of various subsystems and components considering various engineering challenges and solutions will be discussed in this paper. This paper will also highlight how various ECE measurements can enhance understanding of plasma physics in ITER.
Today’s world is moving towards the clean and green energy. Vibro Cleaner is developed based on ultrasonic technique to remove contaminations like rust, dirt, dust, oil etc. particles from the object ...surface. The process is eco-friendly towards the nature and completely safe for human. Vibro Cleaner has got notable impact in cleaning industries. The main goal of investigation is to examine behaviour acoustophoretic effect for finding erosion rate by introducing pressure acoustic transient model and validate by experimental investigation. Acoustic and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modules have been integrated to investigate sound pressure level, acoustic pressure, cavitation effect, particle trajectory and erosion rate in acoustophoretic environment. Piezoelectric transducer (PZT-4) of 40 kHz, which contains Lead zirconium titanate, has been sticked at bottom of steel tank which converts electrical signals into mechanical vibration and finally into pressure droplets by transience effect of tank wall in fluid. Pressure difference generates small tiny cavitation bubbles which strikes over the surface of object for cleaning. The particle sweep and erosive reaction have been scrutinised by applying particle tracing and fluid flow wear erosion modules. Experimental investigation also has been accomplished to validate the computational outcomes. The placement of object in steel tank is also one of the important factors to check the efficacy of cleaning process which has been checked at various height. The practical result erosion rate has been compared with simulation results. The experimental investigated result validates the computational simulation by achieving satisfactory out comes.
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