An accessible survey of the history of European overseas empires in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries based on new scholarshipIn this thematic survey, Gabriel Paquette focuses on the evolution ...of the Spanish, Portuguese, English, French, and Dutch overseas empires in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He draws on recent advances in the field to examine their development, from efficacious forms of governance to coercive violence. Beginning with a narrative overview of imperial expansion that incorporates recent critiques of older scholarly approaches, Paquette then analyzes the significance of these empires, including their political, economic, and social consequences and legacies. He makes the multifaceted history of Europe's globe-spanning empires in this crucial period accessible to new readers.
Portugal made great efforts to tie its territories together, but the Luso-Brazilian empire eventually succumbed to revolution like its British, French and Spanish counterparts. This book reveals the ...links and relationships between Portugal and Brazil that survived the demise of empire and shaped the trajectories of the two countries.
Contributing to the historiography of transnational and global transmission of ideas, Connections after Colonialism examines relations between Europe and Latin America during the tumultuous 1820s. ...  In the Atlantic World, the 1820s was a decade marked by the rupture of colonial relations, the independence of Latin America, and the ever-widening chasm between the Old World and the New. Connections after Colonialism , edited by Matthew Brown and Gabriel Paquette, builds upon recent advances in the history of colonialism and imperialism by studying former colonies and metropoles through the same analytical lens, as part of an attempt to understand the complex connections—political, economic, intellectual, and cultural—between Europe and Latin America that survived the demise of empire.   Historians are increasingly aware of the persistence of robust links between Europe and the new Latin American nations. This book focuses on connections both during the events culminating with independence and in subsequent years, a period strangely neglected in European and Latin American scholarship. Bringing together distinguished historians of both Europe and America, the volume reveals a new cast of characters and relationships ranging from unrepentant American monarchists, compromise seeking liberals in Lisbon and Madrid who envisioned transatlantic federations, and British merchants in the River Plate who saw opportunity where others saw risk to public moralists whose audiences spanned from Paris to Santiago de Chile and plantation owners in eastern Cuba who feared that slave rebellions elsewhere in the Caribbean would spread to their island.   Contributors Matthew Brown / Will Fowler / Josep M. Fradera / Carrie Gibson / Brian Hamnett / Maurizio Isabella / Iona Macintyre / Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy / Gabriel Paquette / David Rock / Christopher Schmidt-Nowara / Jay Sexton / Reuben Zahler
The "Age of Revolutions" paradigm, pioneered by R.R. Palmer and Eric Hobsbawm, has been enormously influential, especially in the study of the Atlantic World c. 1750-1850. Yet it was developed ...without reference to the Luso-Brazilian World (and a mere passing reference to Spanish America). This essay explores the utility of the "Age of Revolutions" framework for the study of the Luso-Atlantic and suggests that Luso-Brazilian History can enrich, and modify, the prevailing understanding of the "Age of Revolutions".
O paradigma da "Era das revoluções", pioneiramente trabalhado por R. R. Palmer e Eric Hobsbawn tem tido enorme influência notadamente nos estudos sobre o atlântico dos anos 1750-1850. Este paradigma foi desenvolvido sem referência ao mundo luso-brasileiro (e há uma mera breve menção à América Hispânica). Este ensaio explora a utilidade da estrutura analítica "Era das Revoluções" para o estudo do mundo luso-atlântico e sugere que a história luso-brasileira pode enriquecer e modificar a compreensão da "Era das Revoluções".
As the British, French and Spanish Atlantic empires were torn apart in the Age of Revolutions, Portugal steadily pursued reforms to tie its American, African and European territories more closely ...together. Eventually, after a period of revival and prosperity, the Luso-Brazilian world also succumbed to revolution, which ultimately resulted in Brazil's independence from Portugal. The first of its kind in the English language to examine the Portuguese Atlantic World in the period from 1750 to 1850, this book reveals that despite formal separation, the links and relationships that survived the demise of empire entwined the historical trajectories of Portugal and Brazil even more tightly than before. From constitutionalism to economic policy to the problem of slavery, Portuguese and Brazilian statesmen and political writers laboured under the long shadow of empire as they sought to begin anew and forge stable post-imperial orders on both sides of the Atlantic.
Abstract
This article examines Anglo-Portuguese relations in the middle of the nineteenth century, particularly conflicts over territorial claims in West and East Africa. It examines how these ...conflicts were de-escalated and why they did not tear asunder the long-standing, if asymmetrical, alliance between Britain and Portugal. After briefly surveying Anglo-Portuguese relations in the early modern period and in the first half of the nineteenth century, the article focuses on the way that conflicts were resolved through third-party arbitration between the 1850s and 1870s. Drawing on archival research in Portugal and Britain, the article contributes to the rich historiographies on informal empire, the partition of Africa, and the emergence of international law in the context of imperial conflict and collaboration.
This article analyses the intellectual and political activities of the newly-created consulados and Economic Societies in Spanish America between 1780 and 1810. It argues that these institutions ...decisively shaped both the formulation and implementation of metropolitan policy. Colonial elites used the consulados and Economic Societies as a vehicle to pursue licensed privilege and moderate, incremental reform in the context of a revivified, socio-economically stable Old Regime. They embraced the Bourbon reforms and used them to their advantage. Judging from consulado documents, the prevailing relationship between civil society and the state in Spanish America, at least until the late 1790s, was amicable and mutually supportive. After that time, mainly due to the disruption of Atlantic commerce, close co-operation gave way to conflict, but always within the framework of a cohesive empire. Drawing on archives in Argentina, Chile, Cuba and Spain, this essay traces the coalescence of numerous local intelligentsias that collaborated, to varying degrees, in the renovation of imperial governance and, simultaneously, incubated a robust public sphere in the nascent polities which gradually emerged after the collapse of Spanish royal authority in 1808. Este artículo analiza las actividades intelectuales y políticas de los recién creados consulados y Sociedades Económicas en Hispanoamérica entre 1780 y 1810. Señala que estas instituciones decisivamente dieron forma a la formulación e implementación de las políticas metropolitanas. Las élites coloniales usaron a los consulados y las Sociedades Económicas como vehículo para alcanzar privilegios legales y a la vez moderar e incrementar reformas en el contexto de un revivido Régimen Antiguo estable a nivel socioeconómico. Estos adoptaron las reformas borbónicas y las utilizaron a su favor. A juzgar por los documentos de los consulados, la relación existente entre la sociedad civil y el Estado en Hispanoamérica, al menos hasta fines de los años 1790s, era amigable y de apoyo mutuo. Más tarde, principalmente debido a la disrupción del comercio en el Atlántico, tal cercana cooperación dio paso al conflicto, aunque siempre dentro del marco de un imperio cohesivo. Basándose en archivos en Argentina, Chile, Cuba y España, este ensayo rastrea el encuentro de numerosas inteligencias locales que colaboraron, en diferentes grados, en la renovación del gobierno imperial y, simultáneamente, incubaron una robusta esfera pública en los nacientes sistemas de gobierno que emergieron gradualmente tras el colapso de la autoridad real española en 1808. Palabras clave: Consulado, Sociedad Económica, Reformas Borbónicas, Iluminismo Colonial Este artigo analisa as atividades intelectuais e políticas dos recém-criados consulados e Sociedades Econômicas na América espanhola entre 1780 e 1810. Considera-se aqui que estas instituições formularam e implementaram diretrizes metropolitanas de maneira decisiva. Elites coloniais utilizaram os consulados e Sociedades Econômicas como um veículo para conseguir privilégios bem como reformas moderadas e progressivas no contexto de um Antigo Regime economicamente estável e revigorado. Elas adotaram as reformas Bourbons e as utilizaram em seu benefício. A julgar pelos documentos dos consulados, ao menos até a década de 1790, o que predominava entre a sociedade civil e o Estado era uma relação amistosa e de apoio mútuo. Em seguida – principalmente devido à ruptura do comércio Atlântico – essa relação deu lugar a uma situação de conflito, no entanto, se mantendo dentro da estrutura de um império coeso. Este ensaio, que utiliza arquivos na Argentina, Chile, Cuba e Espanha, delineia a união de várias comunidades intelectuais locais que, em diferentes graus, colaboraram para a renovação do governo imperial e simultaneamente iniciaram uma vigorosa esfera pública nos nascentes programas de ação que emergiram gradualmente após o colapso da autoridade real espanhola em 1808.
This article addresses how the political language of democracy was used in nineteenth-century Brazil prior to 1850 and how its deployment was connected to related yet distinct political concepts, ...particularly liberalism and republicanism. It explores the prevalence of the language of democracy in a constitutional monarchy predicated on a socio-political order that was itself dependent on slavery and in which the vast majority of subjects, enslaved and free, were either de facto or de jure disenfranchised or excluded from the political process. The article focuses on the political ideas of the rebellions of the 1820s-40s, which mainly occurred in the provinces far from the capital of Rio de Janeiro, including the Confederation of the Equator, the Sabinada, the Farroupilha, and the Praieira.
This essay is an introduction to a special issue on 'Liberalism in the Early Nineteenth-century Iberian World'. The essay reviews why Iberian intellectual history, particularly liberal political ...thought, has been neglected in English-language scholarship. It offers suggestions for the incorporation of Portuguese and Spanish language texts into the broader canon. The essay then outlines persistent debates common to the study of liberalism in both Iberian and other national contexts, in an effort to instigate a dialogue between intellectual historians of Spain and Portugal and their counterparts elsewhere. It concludes with a consideration of the geopolitical forces, cultural trends, and social conditions that encouraged the forging of transnational liberalism in the early nineteenth century.
PDF
