A stroke is a medical emergency characterized by the sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to cell death from oxygen deprivation. As a leading cause of mortality and long-term ...disability worldwide, strokes present a growing socioeconomic challenge, exacerbated by demographic shifts and an increasing incidence in younger populations. Analyzing post-stroke conditions is essential for predicting recovery trajectories and guiding personalized treatments. The process is crucial for mitigating long-term cognitive deficits and improving the quality of life for stroke survivors and their families. Epigenetic mechanisms are emerging as key influencers, with four significant modulators—miRNAs, lncRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifications—being identified as central to modulating neuronal repair and regeneration. However, this is a lack of knowledge as to how major epigenetic signatures affect post-stroke recovery. The paper systematically reviews the capacity of miRNAs to fine-tune neuroprotective responses and the broader regulatory functions of lncRNAs. Additionally, we examine how shifts in DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications correlate with stroke outcomes, presenting a case for precise epigenetic therapies. In this review, we highlight that these modulators offer promising therapeutic targets for enhancing recovery and provide novel insights into stroke pathology and treatment. We also offer a comparative analysis of the four modulators and present the challenges and future perspectives for each one. The review sets forth a trajectory for future research, underscoring the development of novel epigenetic-based therapeutics as a groundbreaking approach to enhance post-stroke neurorehabilitation and improve patient prognoses.
Gas Embolic Stroke Secondary to Bowel Infarction Parikh, Dhruv, MBBCh, BSc, MRCS; Leyon, Joe Joseph, MBBS, MRCP, FRCR; Chavda, Swarupsinh, MBChB, DMRD, FRCR
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases,
01/2016, Letnik:
25, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A 69-year-old gentleman with metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma presented with acute abdominal pain to the emergency medicine department and subsequently developed an acute left hemiplegia while in ...the resuscitation unit. An unenhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the head showed right frontal cerebral gas emboli while an unenhanced CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed extensive portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis, presumed secondary to bowel infarction.
Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma is a rare entity associated with high morbidity. Although there are previous reports of spinal haematoma secondary to X-linked genetic haemophilia, there are no ...such cases secondary to acquired autoimmune haemophilia. We report the case of a 71-year-old patient who presented with sudden quadriplegia secondary to cervical (C2 to T1) epidural haematoma as a result of undiagnosed autoimmune acquired haemophilia A. She underwent emergency cervical laminectomy and evacuation of spinal haematoma with significant recovery in upper limb function. This case highlights the importance of haematological investigations in patients with spontaneous spinal haematoma.
Breast cancer is the single most complex cancer type, affecting thousands around the globe annually. With the recent studies highlighting epigenetic signatures in breast cancer detection, this ...landscape can be exploited to inhibit breast cancer potentially. This paper comprehensively explores epigenetic signatures in breast cancer, elucidating their impact on disease progression and therapeutic responses. The objective is to unravel the intricate interplay of different epigenetic biomarkers in shaping breast cancer's molecular landscape. We delve into the diverse manifestations of epigenetic alterations, particularly in the context of breast cancer heterogeneity, offering insights into early diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and targeted therapeutic strategies. The discussion encompasses the dynamic role of epigenetic changes in influencing gene expression, tumor characteristics, and treatment outcomes across various breast cancer subtypes. The paper underscores the transformative power of incorporating epigenetic evaluations into breast cancer clinical care, facilitating a personalized approach. Notably, emphasizing the need for precision, combination therapies, and the development of robust epigenetic biomarkers. By examining recent technological advancements, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and next-generation sequencing, we uncover the intricate molecular landscapes underpinning breast cancer heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms. We also address the challenges faced by current epigenetic therapies, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors, and the need for precision in their application. In summary, this paper unfolds a compelling narrative that advances our understanding of epigenetic signatures in breast cancer, offering a beacon of hope for improved patient outcomes through targeted and personalized therapeutic interventions.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles, disrupting brain cell communication, causing atrophy, and leading to cognitive decline. ...It poses a substantial global health challenge, necessitating urgent research. Molecular biomarkers, reflecting AD progression, have been identified in diverse bodily tissues. Notably, emerging epigenetic biomarkers introduce a novel dimension to AD pathophysiology. However, their precise role in early AD detection and prognosis remains unclear. This review classifies various epigenetic biomarkers, emphasizing their potential in early detection and prognosis. Various epigenetic biomarkers like DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, histone modification, OMICS, and many more get significantly altered during AD; these biomarkers being distinctly expressed in normal conditions to AD offer a huge therapeutic benefit to stop the progression or worsening it. We explore the therapeutic implications and propose integration with existing diagnostic methods to intervene in AD progression, mitigating exacerbation. Addressing challenges, we envision the future scope of these biomarkers, emphasizing their synergy with computational approaches for enhanced AD detection. This review contributes to the field by proposing a multifaceted approach that combines epigenetic markers with computational analysis to improve early detection and facilitate timely therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we discuss the economic implications of these biomarkers, proposing that their early application could significantly reduce the financial burden of AD by delaying the progression and severity of the disease.
Differentiating sellar region meningiomas from pituitary adenomas on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences can be difficult. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive technique of ...magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. The range of applications of ASL in neurosurgery has increased, and the information provided can be unique and complementary to other MRI sequences. Here we investigate the utility of ASL MRI in differentiating between sellar region meningiomas and pituitary adenomas.
This was a retrospective comparison of quantitative assessments on absolute and normalized tumor blood flow in histologically proven meningiomas versus pituitary adenomas.
A total of 15 patients with sellar region lesions were identified, including 9 meningiomas and 6 pituitary adenomas. Mean absolute tumor blood flow and normalized tumor blood flow were significantly higher in meningiomas (131 mL/100 g/min and 2.22) than adenomas (47 mL/100 g/min and 0.92; P < 0.05).
ASL MRI is a useful adjunct sequence in differentiating sellar region meningiomas, which exhibit high perfusion, from pituitary adenomas, which exhibit relatively low perfusion.
Objective
Quantitative data on visual outcomes after trans-sphenoidal surgery is lacking in the literature. This study aims to address this by quantitatively assessing visual field outcomes after ...endoscopic trans-sphenoidal pituitary adenectomy using the capabilities of modern semi-automated kinetic perimetry.
Methods
Visual field area (deg
2
) calculated on perimetry performed before and after surgery was statistically analysed. Functional improvement was assessed against UK driving standards.
Results
Sixty-four patients (128 eyes) were analysed (May 2016–Nov 2019). I4e and I3e isopter area significantly increased after surgery (
p
< 0.0001). Of eyes with pre-operative deficits: 80.7% improved and 7.9% worsened; the median amount of improvement was 60% (IQR 6–246%). Median increase in I4e isopter was 2213deg
2
(IQR 595–4271deg
2
) and in I3e isopter 1034 deg
2
(IQR 180–2001 deg
2
). Thirteen out of fifteen (87%) patients with III4e data regained driving eligibility after surgery. Age and extent of resection (EOR) did not correlate with visual improvement. Better pre-operative visual field area correlated with a better post-operative area (
p
< 0.0001). However, the rate of improvement in the visual field area increased with poorer pre-operative vision (
p
< 0.0001).
Conclusions
A median visual field improvement of 60% may be expected in over 80% of patients. Functionally, a significant proportion of patients can expect to regain driving eligibility. EOR did not impact on visual recovery. When the primary goal of surgery is alleviating visual impairment, optic apparatus decompression without the aim for gross total resection appears a valid strategy. Patients with the worst pre-operative visual field often experience the greatest improvement, and therefore, poor pre-operative vision alone should not preclude surgical intervention.
Virtual Voice Assistant Based on Voice Flow Parikh, Dhruv Piyush
International journal for research in applied science and engineering technology,
11/2021, Letnik:
9, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
We face a perennial pandemic that forces everyone to stay within their premises, which engenders a decline in social interaction between individuals. Moreover, some people fear missing out, which ...correlates to the fact that individual proclivity towards human interaction is drained, which increases symptoms of depression and raises the bar for anxiety—inspiring from such social circumstances, we want to develop a system that aids in mitigating these social problems. Our system has an artificial neural network layout that enhances personalisation through voice application. An Autonomous Virtual Assistant System is an effective method that shall help a person deprived of social interaction get engaged in a gregarious task, deal with various problems faced by introverts by reducing the psychological impact of COVID 19. Keywords: Google Assistant, Intergromat, APIs, Voiceflow, Speech to text
Smart Home Automation using Voice Recognition Parikh, Dhruv Piyush
International journal for research in applied science and engineering technology,
10/2021, Letnik:
9, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
This modern era is about pursuing your passion, people not only focus on work but take up several hobbies to follow, either it be learning a new instrument, hiking, or vlogging your life. Everything ...must be done within 24 hours of a day. This creates a never-ending demand for technology that could encourage full utilization of time by eliminating the basic and mundane tasks of individuals. Inspired by this stream of thoughts we are developing a system that provides a cost-effective solution to the problem by creating a voice-operated home automation system. This is achieved by using the principles of the Internet of Things integrated with Neural Libraries. We can create an environment in which several appliances can be operated on voice commands, either it be turning on a fan or closing a door all are just one command away. The system utilizes BOLT IoT with a voice flow application to make an economical, scalable, and user-friendly home automation model. Keywords: IoT, Voice recognition, Smart home, BOLT IoT, Integromate.
Emotion Based Music Recommendation System Parikh, Dhruv Piyush
International journal for research in applied science and engineering technology,
10/2021, Letnik:
9, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Our world today is driven by machines of various complexities. From a basic one like a computer to a highly complex humanoid robot, everything is a product of human intelligence. A lot of industries ...are being benefited from such new technologies. Facial Expression Recognition is one of these technologies. It has a wide range of applications and is an area that is constantly evolving. The analogy behind it is, when we gaze at someone, the eyes send signals to the brain. The face patterns of that specific person are carried by these messages. These patterns are then compared to those stored in the brain's memory. Inspired by such innovations, our research collects human expressions and analyses their emotions using our vast dataset, offering some necessary strategies to change their facial expressions. Due to the competitive environment, the youth of our generation has been inclined to a lot of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Our generation's youth has been predisposed to a variety of mental health issues. Our idea attempts to provide a relaxing atmosphere to a person based on his or her facial expressions. Keywords: Facial Expression, Face Recognition, Python, PyWhatkit, OpenCV.
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